The sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units
Xingyang Ancient City, Han Dynasty, the sixth batchNational key cultural relics protection unitsGuxing Town, located in the northwest of Zhengzhou, is an urban site of the Han Dynasty and an important military town in the Central Plains.[1]There is a gap in the east (the ancient canal of the Warring States Period and Wei Dynasty), which is located in the west bank of Xingze and the sun of Guangwu Mountain, so it is called the old city of Xingyang.It has been a military transportation center since ancient times, and was built repeatedly in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is 2000 meters long from north to south and 1500 meters wide from east to west.The city wall is built in blocks, with a residual height of 20 meters, an upper width of 10 meters, and a base width of 30 meters.The east city wall has been washed away by the Yellow River, leaving only the northeast and southeast corners.There are three gaps in the west wall, which should be regarded as the relics of the west gate.In the old city, there are building foundations, ramming platforms, water pipes and other facilities.
Because of its dangerous terrain and important geographical location, the old city of Xingyang has been a place of war for generations.Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the world here.[1]
Chinese name
Xingyang Old City
geographical position
Guxing Town, Huiji District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province
Xingyang evolved from Dongguo, Beijing, Xingyang, Chenggao, Sishui, Xingze, Wutai, Heyin, Guangwu and other counties and regions in history. Its jurisdiction lies to the west of the main urban area of Zhengzhou, to the east of Hulao Pass in SishuiSongshan MountainsTo the north of Fuxi Mountain in the east section and to the south of Guangwu Mountain at the boundary of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.In this vast area, there are fertile land, rich products, outstanding people, beautiful mountains and rivers, dangerous passes such as Xingyang Pass and Hulao Pass, and famous mountains, ditches and rivers such as Guangwu Mountain and Honggou.
Xingyang, Zhengzhou, has a long history and splendid culture. With a history of more than 2200 years, Xingyang has become a political and military center in all dynasties.Xingyang is a historically important political place with a gap connecting the Huaihe River and Surabaya in the east, Mangshan Mountain in the north, Songshan Mountain in the south, Hulao Pass in the west, Luoyang and Chang'an. With its dangerous terrain and convenient transportation, Xingyang is historically an important prefecture. In 221 BC, after the First Emperor of Qin unified the whole country and established the Qin Dynasty, he set up Sanchuan Prefecture in Xingyang, which governs Xingyang, Gong, Beijing and other counties;In the Western Han Dynasty, Sanchuan County was changed into Henan County, which governs Xingyang, Chenggao (now Sishui Town, Xingyang), Gushi (now northwest of Zhengzhou), Mixian, Zhongmu, Xinzheng, Yuanling and other counties.In the first year of the Western Jin Dynasty (265), Henan Prefecture was changed to Xingyang Prefecture, and the prefecture was still in Xingyang.
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was set up in the Wulao (i.e. the Tiger Prison)North YuzhouPartXingyang County。After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Yuzhou composed of Xingyang and its surrounding areas was changed intoXingzhou, the prefecture office is located in Chenggao (i.eWugaoguan Pass, tiger prison).In 581, after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian changed the name of Yingzhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty to Zhengzhou, governing Xingyang, Chenggao, Mi, Neimu (i.e. Zhongmu), Yuanling (now the northeast of Xinzheng) and other counties. The government office of Zhengzhou is still located inChenggao(i.e. tiger prison).During the Tang Dynasty, the administrative establishment of Zhengzhou changed, and its jurisdiction became Mixian County, Sishui County, Xingyang County, Xingze County, Chenggao County, etcTang TaizongIn the seventh year of Zhenguan period (633 years), the government office of Zhengzhou Prefecture was moved from Chenggao to Guancheng (now Zhengzhou governs the urban area).
Xingyang, Zhengzhou was historically a water transport hub. Dayu, the grain storage center, divided the river into a sewer in Xingze and diverted it to the southeast.The king of Wei Hui opened a gap in the north of Xingyang (Xingkou) and diverted Yellow River water into the girder through the nursery field.The First Emperor of Qin Dynasty opened the gap to Huaihe River and Sihe River, and transported grain from north to south of Huaihe River to Aocang in Xingyang by water.Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty built Luohe River, Huanghe River and Bianhe River on a large scale, called Tongji Canal, which connected the north and south and the east and west. It was a water transport hub at that time.The grain of the Tang Dynasty was transported to Wucang, Heyin and Chang'an.In the Northern Song Dynasty, Bian River was regarded as the lifeblood of the country. Grain was transported to Bianliang by water. Xingyang called it the Grain River.At that time, Xingyang was economically developed and the market was prosperous.
Xingyang, Zhengzhou, was the "famous capital of the world" in the history of the world. In 360 BC, the State of Wei in the Warring States Period dug a gap in Xingyang, diverted the Yellow River from Xingyang to the southeast, joined with Huaishui, Surabaya, Jishui and Rushui, and connected Xingyang, Chen (today's Huaiyang), Dingtao in Shandong and other famous cities, as well as the Jianghuai area, into a commercial trade network.The gap can not only be used for water transportation, but also can irrigate farmland. During the long-term historical development from the Warring States Period to the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, it played a great role in promoting the economic development of Zhengzhou.Xingyang, at the junction of the Great Valley and the Yellow River, has become more and more important since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period due to its convenient land and water transportation. Xingyang has always been a prefecture from the Western Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty, governing most of today's Zhengzhou and Kaifeng.At that time, Xingyang was not only the center of Zhengzhou, but also one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the Central Plains, which was the prosperous period of Xingyang.During the Western Han Dynasty, Nong Sang Hongyang, the chief financial officer, listed Xingyang as one of the "famous capitals in the world", and ranked it with Ji (today's Beijing), Handan, Luoyang and other famous cities.
Site Introduction
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In Guxing Town, Huiji District, 27 kilometers northwest of Zhengzhou, there is a gap (the ancient canal of the Warring States Period and the Wei Dynasty) in the east, which is located at the sun of Guangwu Mountain on the west bank of Xingze, so it is called the old city of Xingyang.Since ancient times, it has been a military transportation center. The city wall was built in the Warring States and South Korea. It was built repeatedly in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The city wall is slightly rectangular, and most of it still exists.The northwest corner of Yingzhen Town extends south to the east of Jigongmiao Village, and turns east to Gucheng Village by Suosu River and north by about 100 meters.
From the north wall to the eastDiaoyutai VillageTurn to the ground to connect with the ancient city wall.The east wall has been washed away by the flood of water, leaving only two corners in the northeast and southeast.The Ancient City Mansion is 2200 meters long from north to south and 1500 meters wide from east to west.It is about 7000 meters long.The highest part of the remaining city wall is 20 meters wide, the upper part is 10 meters wide, and the base is 30 meters wide.The city wall is made of plates, with clear layers and well rammed nests.The east city wall has been washed away by the Yellow River, leaving only the northeast and southeast corners.There are three gaps in the west city wall, which should be the city gate relics, Xingyang, because it is located on the west bank of XingzeXingshuiIt is named after the sun.In the old city, there are building foundations, ramming platforms, water pipes and other facilities.The site of the Han Dynasty iron smelting workshop was found outside the city.The unearthed objects include horseshoe gold, coins, copper, iron, pottery, etc.There are Hongs connecting Huaisi in the east, Mangshan Mountain in the north and the Yellow River in the north, Jingsuo Mountain in the south, Hulao Pass in the west and Luoyang. The terrain is dangerous, and it is between the north and the southCable hub, the hole between the east and the west.In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin and Chu dominated the Central Plains. In the Warring States Period, the Qin Dynasty set up Sanchuan Prefecture in Xingyang, Li County and Ye, and Aocang in Mangshan;Peasant Uprising in the Late Qin DynastyThe army leader Wu Guangzeng was ordered to supervise the attack on Xingyang;battle between Chu and HanThe two sides had repeatedly taken Xingyang as their base. Liu Bang took the Suo of Aocang to strangle Xiang Yu in the east of Xingyang, and finally divided the country with the gap as the boundary. Emperor Xiaowen in Taihe of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved Xingyang to govern Suocheng, namely Xingyang City.Historically, it was a strategic place for military strategists to contend for.
On October 12, 2021, it was included in the list of "great sites during the 14th Five Year Plan" in the "14th Five Year Plan" of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.[2]
Preservation status
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The old city of Xingyang is located in Guxing Town in the northwest of Zhengzhou City. It is an urban site of the Han Dynasty and an important military town in the Central Plains.The city wall is an irregular rectangle, about 2000 meters long from north to south and 1500 meters wide from east to west.Except that the east wall was washed away by the river, the other three walls are basically intact.The existing city wall is 20 meters high, 10 meters wide at the top and 30 meters wide at the base.The city wall is made of plates, with clear layers and well rammed nests.There are three gaps in the west wall, which should be regarded as the relics of the city gate.According to the archaeological survey, the northeast of the city is a granary, the eastern highland is a government office, and the south is a residential area.At the same time, the ancient house foundation, ramming platform, water pipe and other construction facilities were found in the old city.In particular, the iron smelting workshop of the Han Dynasty was found with a large scale and advanced smelting technology.[1]
geographical position
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50 meters south of Huancheng Road, Huiji District, Zhengzhou
