Jacobus Henrichus van't Hoff, August 30, 1852 Rotterdam, Netherlands - March 11, 2011 GermanyBerlin）, Dutch chemist, awarded the title ofNobel Prize in Chemistry。
He was born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on August 30, 1852.His father was a doctor of medicine. Fantov was very smart when he was young.In middle school, I was very interested in chemical experiments.Often sneak into the school laboratory after school to do chemical experiments.In 1869, he studied at Delft High School of TechnologyIndustrial technology, a chemist who graduated with excellent grades and was taught by the university AC. Odermans and physicist Vander Sander Buck attached great importance to Hu Yiren.In 1872,Van HoffstayLeiden UniversityGraduated and went to Parismedical collegeWurz Lab.
Death in old age
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Infection in old agepulmonary tuberculosis, emaciated, still tireless in research, died in Steglitz near Berlin on March 1, 1911.
academic research
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Published in 1875《Space chemistry》In this paper, the hypothesis of the spatial three-dimensional structure of molecules is proposed“Asymmetric carbon atom”Concept, and positive carbonTetrahedral configurationHypothesis (also known as Van Hoff Le·Bell model）, i.e. onecarbon atomConnecting four different atoms or groups preliminarily solves the problem ofoptical rotationThe relationship between structure and this research result has immediately caused a huge response in the chemical community, and it is mixed;Professor Henrizenus, an organic chemist, wrote a letter to Van Hoff, saying: "I am very happy with your theoretical research results. In your article, I not only saw an extremely clever attempt to explain the facts that have not been clarified so far, but also I believe that this attempt will have epoch-making significance in our science." GermanyLeipzigHermann of·ColeProfessor Bei thinks: "There is a UtrechtveterinaryDr. Van Hoff of the Institute is not interested in precise chemical research.In his "Stereochemistry", he announced that the most convenient thing he thought was to ride on the Pegasus he rented from the veterinary college. When he bravely flew to the top of the chemical Mount Panasas, he found out how the atomsCosmic space"Soon,University of AmsterdamHe was hired as a lecturer, and became a professor of chemistry in 1878.
In 1877, Van Hoff began to pay attention to researchchemical kineticsAnd chemistryAffinityQuestion.In 1884, he published Research on Chemical Kinetics.In 1885, he was elected as a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences.1886Van der Hoopaccording toexperimental data Van der Hoop's law is proposed that osmotic pressure is proportional to the concentration and temperature of solution, and itsProportional constantIs the constant R in the gas equation of state.August 1887, with German scientistsWilliam OstwaldCo founded Journal of Physical Chemistry.
Achievements and honors
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In 1901, he became the first person because he "discovered the law of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure in solution and made contributions to the theory of stereochemistry and chemical equilibrium"Nobel Prize in ChemistryHe was later invited to visit the United States and Germany.
As his research achievements in the field of atomic and molecular theory, van der Hoff has madeTheoretical chemistryThe most important discovery in.
Vantehoff is hereAtomic theoryIn compliance with Pasteur's point of view, he proposed that basic atoms have geometry in spacedirectionalThe hypothesis of the combination point of the two.This hypothesis, as far as carbon compounds are concerned, led to the creation of the theory of carbon atom asymmetry and stereochemistry.
Morerevolutionary characterWhat is van der Hoff's discovery in the field of molecular theory.Vantehoff's research shows that if we consider the pressure in solution in the same way as the pressure in gas, that is, osmotic pressure, then the law named after Italian Avogadro (according toAvogadro's lawAt the same temperature and pressure, any gas in a certain volume has the same number of molecules.)It is not only suitable for gaseous substances, but also suitable for solutions.He proved that the air pressure and osmotic pressure are consistent, so the molecules themselves are consistent in the gas phase and solution.The concept of molecule in chemistrycertaintyAnd universalEffectivenessTherefore, it has been proved to reach an unexpected level so far.He also discovered how to express chemistry in reactionEquilibrium state, and the electric power generated in the reaction;He explainedwater contentdifferenthydrateHow the changes of various elements are transferred, andDouble saltHow it was formed.
