Fu Xiong (?~July 26, 354[50]）, character only,Lueyang CountyLinwei County (todayGansu ProvinceQin'an County）People,Di nationality。Pre QinFounding heroespolitician、MilitaristThe officials went to the prime minister, Yongzhou Pastoral, and the general of chariots and cavalry, and was granted the title of Duke of Donghai.Emperor HuiwuFu HongYounger son, Emperor JingmingFu JianHis younger brother, Emperor XuanzhaoFu JianFather.[1]
Fu Xiong is both civil and military, benevolent, modest and courteous, proficient in military strategy, and politically talented.Hou ZhaoDuring this period, he became an official under the shadow of his father, made many contributions and was promoted to the post of General Longxiang.In the last years of the Later Zhao Dynasty, the Central Plains was in turmoil, and Fu Xiong led the army to pacifyduhon 、Shining, captureSanheThe area and Yongqin states, where soldiers and horses passed, were all attached.Emperor ShiIn the first year (351), Fu Jian called himself the King of Heaven, established the former Qin Dynasty and established its capitalChang'anThere were hundreds of civil and military officials, Fuxiong officials paid homage to the prime minister, the cavalry general, Yongzhou Pastoral, and the capital overseeing all military forces at home and abroad, and was awarded the title of Duke of Donghai County.In the second year of the first emperor (352 years), Fu Jian was called the emperor, and Fu Xiong was granted the title of Donghai Prefecture.Fu Xiong respected the internal law and loved the people. He was highly praised both inside and outside the court and advised the country to abandon the system of Hou Zhao and follow it in an all-round wayHan Dynasty、Jin dynastyAnd made an important contribution to the state system policy in the early days of the pre-qin dynasty.Repeated victories in foreign wars, few defeats and invasionsYuzhou, Big BreakChou Chi, defeat the Guanxi warlordsWang Shou, defeat the Qiang leaderYao Xiang, repeatedly defeating more with less, annihilating Guanzhong warlords and disintegratingEastern Jin Dynasty、PrecoolingAnd defeated the famous generals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, such as Huan Wen, Huan Chong and Sima Xun.Fu Xiong devotes himself to national affairs, making the former Qin Dynasty andQianyanThe Eastern Jin Dynasty entered the situation of tripartite confrontation, which was praised by Fu Jian as "Duke of Zhou of Qin".[5-22]
Emperor ShiIn four years (354), Wang Fuxiong of the East China Sea died, and Jingming EmperorFu JianDeeply grieved, he was posthumously named King Jingwu of Wei, and the funeral was held according toWestern Jin DynastyAn Ping Presents the KingSima Fustory.YongxingIn the first year (357), Emperor XuanzhaoFu JianWhen he ascended the throne, he pursued and respected Emperor Wenhuan, and his temple name was lost.[2-4]
Full Name
Fu Xiong
Alias
Fu Yuancai、Emperor Qin Wenhuan、East China Sea to King Wu
Fuxiong, character talent,Lueyang CountyPeople from Linwei County,Di nationality，Pre QinFounding hero, Emperor HuiwuFu HongYounger son, Emperor JingmingFu JianHis younger brother, Emperor XuanzhaoFu JianFather.Fu Xiong has read the art of war since he was young. He is very resourceful. He likes to give alms to the poor. He can treat the people humbly. He is skilled in bowing horses and has a political strategy.[27]
Salty andFour years (329 years),Hou ZhaoBefore the demise of Zhao, Fu Hong was attached to the empress Zhao, and later Zhao EmperorShillerAppointed to supervise the military affairs of the six barbarians and the champion general, and manage the affairs of the western region.Hou ZhaoJianwuDuring the reign of Emperor Fu Xiong, the later Emperor of Zhao, made many achievementsStone tigerHe was appointed General Longxiang.[28-29]
YongheFive years (349 years), later Emperor Wu of ZhaoStone tigerWhen Shi Hu's sons died, they fought endlessly for the post Zhao throne, which led to chaos in the post Zhao countryShi ZunFollow Shi Min's advice, remove Fu Hong's position as governor of Yongzhou, and send envoys to respond to Fu Hong's angerEastern Jin Dynasty。Soon after, Shi Zun wasShi JianAs a result of the killing, there was no end of unrest in Hebei. So Fuhong recruited refugees from Qin and Yong prefectures in Fangtou area, and Fuhong's clan reached more than 100000 people.[30]
Wanted to enter the Customs
In the first month of the sixth year of Yonghe (350 years), the Eastern Jin Dynasty imperial court heard of the chaos in the Central Plains, intended to recover the Central Plains, and sent envoys to be granted the titleFu HongHe was the King of Di, the envoy to hold a festival, the great general of the Northern Expedition, the governor of all military forces in Hebei, the governor of Jizhou, the Duke of Guangchuan County, and was also awarded the son of the King of DiFu JianFor the false festival, the right general, the Jianhebei expedition to attack the vanguard, Zhu Junjun, and Xiang Guogong.
At that time, Yao Yizhong, the leader of Qiang nationality, and Fu Hong, the leader of Di nationality, had their own aspirations to occupy the right of Guanyou to seek the world.Yao YizhongSend his sonYao XiangHe led 50000 troops to attack Fuhong, and Fuhong led his troops to fight. Finally, he defeated Yao Xiang's army, captured and beheaded more than 30000 enemy troops.So Fuhong claimed to be the King of the Three Qin Dynasty, the Governor of Dadu, the Grand General, and the Great Danyu, and set up a staff officer with the intention of occupying the Guanzhong area.Coincident with the general of Hou ZhaoMa QiuLed the Department to return to the eastYechengFu Hong sent Fu Xiong to lead the army against Ma Qiu. Fu Xiong defeated and captured Ma Qiu, and Fu Hong appointed Ma Qiu as the general.Soon Fu Hong claimed to be the governor of Dadu, the general, Da Danyu, and the king of Sanqin. Fu Jian became the son of the king of Sanqin.Fu Hong Appoints AgainLei Wei'erAs a general of the auxiliary country,Beam ridgeFormer General Zuo Changshi,YuzunHe is the right general and the right long history,Duan LingGeneral Zuo, Zuo Sima,Wang RangHe is the Right General and the Right Sima,Zhao Ju、Niuyi、XinlaoBoth were granted the title of Zhonglang and Di ChieftainGross expensivenessIt is sealed as DaDanYu auxiliary phase.[5]
In March, Ma Qiu planned to take advantage of the banquet to poison Fu Hong and Fu Xiong's brother with a plot to follow Fu's scriptFu JianMake a quick decision and immediately kill Ma Qiu. Fu Hong said before his death: "I didn't enter the pass because the Central Plains can be pacified, but now I was assassinated by Ma Qiu. The chaos in the Central Plains can't be pacified by your brothers for the time being. When I die, you should quickly enter the west of the pass!" Soon Fu Hong, the king of the Three Qin Dynasty, died, and Fu Jian, the son of the world, inherited his father's followers,Intention leads the army into Guanzhong.[6]
Enter the Guanxi Pass
YongheIn August of the sixth year (350 years), Sima in Yongzhou, later Zhaoduhon Occupying Chang'an, he claimed to be the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the governor of Yongzhou, and most of the Hu and Han people in the western part of the Kansai region were attached to Duhong.Fu Jian planned to take Chang'an, so he ordered the generals to march westward.Fu Jian sent Fu Xiong, who was then the general of the auxiliary country, to lead 5000 soldiers from Tongguan to Chang'an. Fu Jian himself led a large number of soldiers to follow Fu Xiong and sent his nephew Fu Jing to lead 7000 soldiers from Tongguan to attack the key.In September, Du Hong summoned all the soldiers to resist Fu Family, but Fu Jian and Fu Xiong defeated him. Fu Jian sent Fu Xiong to lead troops to patrol the area north of Weishui River, and all the people from the west of the border came to join Fu Family.At that time, Di ChieftainTrichomes、Xu DuiAnd Qiang ChiefsWhite calfEach had tens of thousands of soldiers. Du Hong sent messengers to woo them. As a result, all of them killed Du Hong's messengers, and sent their sons to Fu Jian as hostages, announcing their surrender to Fu Shi.Fu JingYuzunThe counties and counties where we went were all at the mercy of the wind.Du Hong was afraid when he heard that Fu Jing and others were coming, so he had to stick to Chang'an.Du Hong SectZhang XianHe led his army to attack Fu Jing, who defeated and captured Zhang Xian alive in the north of the Weishui River. The prefectures and county officials and castle owners of Sanfu Prefecture surrendered to Fu Jing.In October, Fu Jian drove straight to Chang'an,duhon Zhang Ju fled to Sizhu County.[7-8][48]
In November of the sixth year of Yonghe (350 years), Fu Jian entered Chang'an. At the beginning of his career, Fu Jian thought of Jin with the people's hearts and sent him to join the armyDu ShanboGo to Jingshi Jiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to report the victory, andHuanwenFix it.The Hu and Han people in Qinzhou and Yongzhou all belonged to Fu family.onlyHou ZhaoLiangzhou GovernorShiningOccupy Shanggui and was not captured for the time being.In December, Fu Xiong led his troops to attack Shi Ning and killed him in the first battle. Since then, Qinzhou has been pacified.[9]
founding hero
YongheOn the 20th day of the first month of the seventh year (351), Fu Jian called himself the King of Heaven and Dadanyu, and established the national title of "Daqin", which was known as the former Qin Dynasty in history. He established Chang'an as the capital, granted amnesty to the whole world, and changed the Yuan DynastyEmperor Shi。Fu Jian appointed Fu Xiong as the governor of all the military forces, prime ministers, chariot generals, Yongzhou herdsmen, and dukes of Donghai County. The rest of the people were rewarded.[10]
Emperor ShiIn the first month of the second year (352), Fuxiong, together with many ministers of the imperial court, made a request to Fujian to become emperor, proposing to follow the old system of the Han and Jin dynasties, instead of following the practice of later Zhao who first called himself the King of Heaven.Fu Jian, the former King of Qin Dynasty, obeyed this request and formally became the emperor. He granted amnesty in China. Fu Jian granted Fu Xiong the title of King of the East Sea, and other princes became princes.Fu Xiong and others also believed that the Emperor himself should not take charge of the measures and methods used by Da Shanyu to rule the hundred barbarians, so Fu Jian delegated the power in this regard to the Crown PrinceSignal current。[11]
Pre QinAfter its establishment, Fuxiong, as the founding father of the country, had a very comparable position.Fu Xiong's power is almost the same as that of the emperor, but he is always modest and prudent. He can respect the laws of the country, and his reputation has spread all over the country. Therefore, Fu Jian, Emperor Jingming, puts him in high position. Fu Jian often says, "Yuan Cai is the Duke of Zhou in my family（Ji Dan）Ah. "[12]
ever-victorious
Emperor ShiIn May of the second year (352), the general of the Eastern Jin DynastyXie Shang, Qiang leaderYao XiangGeneral Zhao led the army to attack in XuchangZhang Yu。Fu Xiong of Fu Jian School, the former Qin Emperor, and General Wei and King PingchangFu JingThey captured the Guandong area and led 20000 cavalry to rescue Zhang Yu.On May 29, the two sides fought at Jieqiao in Yingshui. Xie Shang and others were defeated. Fifteen thousand Jin soldiers died.Xie Shang fled back to Huainan. Yao Xiang threw away military supplies and escorted Xie Shang to Shaopi,Yin HaoIt's said that Xie Shang was defeated by the former Qin Dynasty and returned to Shouchun with his army.In July, General Fu XiongZhang YuMore than 50000 families from Chenjun, Yingchuan, Xuchang and Luoyang moved to Guanzhong. Fu Jian appointed Yang Qun, the general of Zuowei, as the governor of Yuzhou, and assigned him to guard Xuchang.In November, Fuxiong attacked in Longxi CountyWang ShouWang Shou was defeated by Fu Xiong. Later, Wang Shou fled to Qianliang. Fu Xiong led the army back and stationed in Longdong County.Former cooling masterZhang ChonghuaBaiting Wang Shou as the chief general of the expedition to the east, let him join the generals Zhang Hong and Song Xiu in a crusade against the former Qin Dynasty.Fu Xiong and Fu Jing led the crowd to defeat Wang Suo again, captured Zhang Hong and Song Xiu, the former Liang generals, and escorted them to Chang'an, the capital of the former Qin Dynasty.[13-14]
In May of the third year of the Emperor's reign (353), Wang Fuxiong led the army to attackQiegu Chi State, Qiu Chi GongYang ChuThe leader was defeated by Fuxiong.By July of the same year, plague and earthquake broke out successively in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.[52]
profit at other's expense
Emperor ShiIn September of the third year (353), Fuxiong Wang of the East China Sea led 20000 soldiers back to Chang'an, the King of PingchangFu JingHe led the army to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty and conquered Shangluo County that month.Former Qin EmperorFu JianJingzhou was set up in Fengyangchuan to attract rare copper goods, bow and rod lacquer wax produced in the south.In the former Qin Dynasty, border markets were opened to attract traders from far away countries. As a result, the state's expenditure was sufficient and the treasury's wealth was abundant. Fu Jian appointed Guo Jing, a Jincheng man who was an infantryman, as the governor of Jingzhou.Wang Fuxiong of the East China Sea and King QingheFufa, GeneralFufeiRespectively crusade the separatist forces in GuanzhongComtewait forsomeone.original,Yin HaoSend someone secretly to persuade the former Qin ministerLei Wei'erandLiang An, with the intention of letting them assassinate Fu Jian, and promising to confer the official titles of Guanyou District on them when it is done.Lei Weier and others pretended to agree to Yin Hao's surrender and asked the Eastern Jin Dynasty to send troops to meet them.Yin Hao heardZhang YuHe intended to assassinate Fu Jian and learned that the famous general of the former Qin DynastyFu Huang MeiWhen he returned to Chang'an, Yongzhou, from Luoyang, Yuzhou, he believed that Fu Jian had been assassinated by Liang An, Lei Weier and others.
October,Eastern Jin DynastyYangzhou GovernorYin HaoLed 70000 Jin troops in the Northern ExpeditionPre QinThe army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty set out from Shouchun, and Yin Hao intended to occupy Luoyang, the old capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, to repair the emperors of the Western Jin Dynasty（Sima Yi、Horse Master、Sima Zhao、Marsitis、Sima Zhong）The mausoleum of.Wang Biaozhi, the minister of the Ministry of Officials of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote to Wang Sima Yu of Kuaiji thatLei Wei'er、Liang AnThe surrender of others must be deceitful, and Yan Hao should not act rashly, butSima YuThis was ignored.As a result, Yin Hao was killed by the Qiang leader on his way to graduationYao XiangAfter the attack, the Eastern Jin army was defeated. Yin Hao led his army to flee to Qiaocheng.Since then, the armies of Yao Xiang and Yin Hao have been locked in a stalemate,Lei Wei'erAt last, our plan was completed.In November, Fuxiong Wang of the East China Sea led the army to recover Chiyang CountyComteKill.[15-17][42-43]
Defeating Jin and cooling down
Emperor ShiIn the first month of the fourth year (354), Wang Fuxiong of the East China Sea led his army to defeatHu Yangchi, recover Sizhu County, Hu Yangchi escapes to Hecheng County, and attaches himself toHuyan poison。In February, the Eastern Jin Dynasty launched a military expedition against the former Qin Dynasty and marched against the Western GeneralHuanwenThe 40 thousand elite soldiers in charge of walking and riding set out from Jiangling, and sent the Eastern Jin Water Army from Xiangyang to Junkou, arrived in Nanxiang, and the infantry entered Wuguan from Xichuan.Huanwen ordered Sima Xun, the governor of Liangzhou, to lead his troops to crusade against the former Qin Dynasty from the Meridian Valley.In March, Huan Wen led the army to attack Shangluo County and captured the former governor of Jingzhou in the Qin DynastyGuo Jing, attacked Qingni Pass again and finally conquered it.Sima Xun, the governor of Liangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led the army to plunder the western region of the former Qin Dynasty. Qian Liang advocated that Zuo should also send troops in response to Huan Wen and sent Wang Suo, the governor of Qinzhou, to lead the army to attack Chencang County.Fujian, the former Qin emperor, sent Wang Fuxiong and the crown prince to DonghaiSignal current, Huainan WangFu ShengPingchang WangFu Jing, Beiping WangFu ShuoThey led 50000 soldiers to garrison in Tangliu County to stop the army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.On April 22, Huan Wen, the great general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty who marched against the West, and Fu Chang, the former crown prince of the Qin Dynasty, launched a fierce battle in Lantian County. Fu Chang sent Fu Sheng, the king of Huainan, to the battle. Fu Sheng rushed into the Jin army array alone and made more than 10 rounds, killing many Jin soldiers.Seeing that the Jin army was at a disadvantage, Huan Wen, the commander in chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, personally fought against the enemy. Huan Wen urged all the soldiers to fight against the Qin army. The Jin army finally defeated the Qin army, the general of the Eastern Jin DynastyHuanchongAlso defeated Fuxiong in Bailuyuan.Fu Xiong led 7000 cavalry inMeridian ValleyRoutSima XunSima Xun led the army to retreat to Nuwa Castle.[18-20]
In May, Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor, sent Wang Fuxiong from the East Sea to attack the Jin armyHuanwenThey fought again in Bailuyuan, and finally Huanwen was defeated by Fu Xiong, and more than 10000 Jin soldiers were killed.At the beginning, Huan Wen intended to harvest the wheat fields in the former Qin Dynasty as the rations for the Jin army. Fu Jian sensed Huan Wen's intention, so he ordered the troops to clear the fields and wait for Huan Wen to arrive.At this time, the Jin army was defeated in the field and had no food to collect, so it was completely in a dilemma.[51]
In June, Huan Wen saw that the situation had gone, so he had to move more than 3000 families back to GuanzhongEastern Jin DynastyFu Chang, the former crown prince of the Qin Dynasty, led his army to pursue Huanwen. Huanwen was repeatedly defeated by Fu Chang. When he arrived at Tongguan, the Jin army killed tens of thousands more.Fuxiong Attacks the General of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in ChencangSima Xun, former cool generalWang ShouThe former Qin army won again. Sima Xun fled to Hanzhong County, and Wang Suo fled to Lueyang County.[21-22]
Regret to die
Emperor ShiIn the fourth year (July 26, 354), Fu Xiong prepared to lead the army to destroy the rebel leaders who were separated from YongchengQiao Bing, and later died of illness in the military camp.Former Qin EmperorFu JianHearing the bad news of his brother Fu Xionghong's death, he was so sad that he vomited blood at the mouth.Fu Jian said painfully, "Is it God doesn't want me to pacify the whole world? Why did he take away my Yuan talent so soon?" The former Qin court gave Fu Xiong the title of King Wei and the posthumous title of King Jingwu of Donghai. Fu Xiong's funeral specifications are based onWestern Jin DynastyAn Ping Presents the KingSima FuFu Jian, the son of Donghai King, inherited the title of Donghai King.[3][44]
YongxingIn the first year (357), the King of the East China SeaFu JianJoining with trusted party members to launch a coup, known in history as“Change of Yunlong Gate”, kill the tyrantFu ShengandDong Rong、Zhao ShaoMore than 20 traitorous ministers were later located in the Tai Chi Hall in Chang'an. Fu Jian removed the title of emperor and called him the King of Heaven of the Qin Dynasty.Fu Jian granted amnesty to the world. He respected his father Fu Xiong as Emperor Wenhuan and his mother Gou（Empress Dowager Gou）The Empress Dowager, Gou, Princess of the East Sea（Queen Gou）As the queen, the son of Donghai KingFuhongHe is the Crown Prince.[4]
Research on the Loss of Temple Names
Order of the First Grand Historian of the Pre Qin DynastyWang DiaoGeneral TaizuFu Hong, Gao ZuFu JianTogether with Fuxiong, they are called the "Third Ancestor of the Qin Dynasty". From here, it can also be inferred that after Fujian ascended the throne, he followed his father Fuxiong's temple name as "some ancestor".However, historical data are missing, and it is impossible to verify the temple name of Fuxiong at present.[25]
Fang Xuanling《Jin Shu》: ① "Be less good at military knowledge, but more strategic. Be good at giving to corporal, bow your horse, and have political skills."; ②"Health arrogates the position, in order to assist the prime minister, power the Mou people, and humbly obey the law."[12]
Ran Min: "Pu Hongxiong Jun, thanks to the strength of his soldiers, all of you have extraordinary talents."[23]
Fu Jian: ① "Yuan Cai is my Ji Dan."; ②"Heaven doesn't want me to pacify the four sea evils! How can I seize the speed of my talent?"[12]
Cai Dongfan: "He is a powerful general and prime minister. He is the leader of the Mou people. He can only serve the law humbly, and the corporal is courteous. Therefore, he is expected to pay more attention to the moment and pay more attention to each other."[31]
Fu Xiong also had several brothers, all of whom had extraordinary talentsHou ZhaoemperorStone tigerOnly Fu Jian survived from fear and killing.[36]
Wives and concubines
First wife:Empress Dowager GouHe was born in the Gou family of Lueyang, and gave birth to Fu Jian, Fu Rong and Fu Shuang.Emperor Xuanzhao Fu Jian ascended the throne and was honored as the empress dowager with the posthumous title of Empress Mingde.[4]
Concubine room: A surname, born in Donghai Gongfu;A certain surname was born to Henan Gongfuzhong.
Son
FufaThe prime minister of the former Qin Dynasty, Lu Shang Shu Shi, the governor of all military affairs at home and abroad, and the Duke of mourning in the East China Sea.
Fu Jian, Emperor Xuanzhao of the former Qin Dynasty, the ancestor of the temple.
Fu Rong, the former general of the Qin Dynasty, Yang Ping, Aigong.
Fu Shuang, the former general of the Qin Dynasty, the governor of Qinzhou, and Zhao Gong.
Fuxiong's grandchildren onlyFufa、Fu JianThe name of the department is recorded in history,Fu Rong、Fu Shuang、Fu ZhongAll of them had children, but no name was left in the history books.[41]
Offspring
Da Fu's Military MigrationAfter Fu Jian, Emperor Xuanzhao, his surname was changed to Da Fu, and his official position was the Zuoqin Wei Dudu of the Tang Dynasty.[47]
Madame Dawu, Daughter of Dawu Wuqian, andLangya Zhuge Familyto unite to marriage.[47]
Run for examinationAfter Fu Jian, Emperor Xuanzhao, his surname was changed to Fu. His official position was the head of Fanhan in the Later Tang Dynasty and the envoy of Xuanwu Army. He was granted the title of King Qi (the first king of Qin), and his descendants were distinguished in the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty.[54-55]
