synonymAnglican Church(Anglican Church) generally refers to the Anligan Sect
Anglicanism, commonly known as "Anglican Church" or "Episcopal Church",EpiscopalChurch），It is one of the three original sects of Protestantism, and is also a successor church with Anglo Saxon etiquette tradition.It was introduced into China in the Qing Dynasty and translated as the "Anglican Church", taking righteousness from the holy Catholic Church (the Holy Catholic Church,Holy Catholic Church），established by the people through long social practice.
In the 3rd century AD, Christianity was introduced to the British Isle during the Roman Empire.In the 6th century, Pope Gregory I (Holy I) sent Austin Canterbury to establish a Catholic district in the Kingdom of Kent.During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Catholic Church of England broke away from the Holy See under the leadership of King Henry VIII;After the restoration of Mary I, Elizabeth I finally completed the reform.At the time of the rise of the British Empire, Anli Ganzong was introduced to colonies around the world.
Anliganzong advocates the doctrine of the mean (Via Media) and the Thirty Nine Principles of Belief, positioned between the new and the old religions, and divided into Anglo Catholic, which adopts public theology (Catholic theology), namely High Church;Low Church adopting evangelical theology;Broad Church adopting liberal theology.As of the beginning of the 21st century, there are more than 80 million believers, among whom the Archbishop of Canterbury, the honorary leader of Amritsar, is also the third largest sect of Christianity and the first largest sect of Protestantism.
Chinese name
Anglican Communion
Foreign name
Anglicanism
Alias
Episcopal Church、Anglican Church 、Episcopal Church
This term can also be used to describe the followers of other church organizations that are independent from the Universal Episcopal Fellowship. They are independent because of differences with their own provinces in doctrine and etiquette.However, the English name of the Episcopal Church in the United States and Scotland uses "The Episcopal Church"."Episcopal" means mainly educational.Chinese, Korean and Japanese Christians all use the Anglican Church as their common name.
The Anglican Church believes that it is part of the church preached by the Holy Archduke and the apostles, which is both an Archduke and a reformed church. Many Anglican church members believe that the Anglican Church is a mixture of the old and new churches.Some high church supporters feel that their church is a public church without a pope, and unlike other Protestant churches, there is an important representative such as Martin Luther, Knox, Calvin and John Wesley.The Episcopal Church is 38 provincial theological exchange platforms and consortia associated with the Archbishop of Canterbury.
history
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The Anglican sect is traditionally believed to have originated from Saint Augustine (Canterbury), the first Archbishop of Canterbury in Britain at the end of the 6th century.But back in the early days, Christianity had already established itself in Britain in the Roman period of the 5th century, and possibly even in the 1st century.Saint Alban, the first British martyr, may have been born in the 4th century.
At the beginning of the 6th century, Irish and Scottish missionaries were established again, especially Saint Bode and Saint Columba. The Episcopal Church believed that Celts were the pioneers of their church.
In the 17th century, Anli Ganzong began to establish churches in the former British colonies such as the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa.Since the 18th century, a group of Episcopal missionaries have established Episcopal Missionaries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.In 1884, the Holy Duke also began to preach in China.
Anglican churches around the world have also left the Anglican Church, established independent provinces, and joined the Church Fellowship of the Universal Anglican Church, with the Archbishop of Canterbury as its spiritual leader.
Amritan sect, like Catholicism, believes in apostolic inheritance, especially in the succession of ordained clergy.The Episcopal Church implements a three-level system of sacraments, including bishops (bishops, bishops, and the Holy Bible are translated as "supervisors"), priests (presidents, elders, and the Holy Bible are translated as "elders"), and clergy (deacons, and the Holy Bible is translated as "deacons").
development
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During the religious reform in the 16th century, the new nobility and bourgeoisie of England hoped to strengthen the monarchy, weaken the church and get rid of the control of the pope.In 1533, King Henry VIII banned the Church of England from paying annual tribute to the Holy See.The following year, the Congress was urged to pass the Supreme Act, which stipulated that the Church of England would take the King as the highest head of the Church of England and establish the Church of England as the state church.
Later, this reform movement was supported by Edward VI.Mary I restored the relationship between England and the Holy See;Elizabeth I restored the independence of the Church of England.The Elizabethan Act passed at that time had some reform in the worship practice, and kept the tradition of the Catholic Church in the doctrine and rules.During the 17th and 18th centuries, Puritans and evangelicals (used to refer to Lutheran and orthodox schools in Europe at that time) advocated further reform.In the 19th century, the Oxford Movement again emphasized the principle of the Catholic Church, and there was also some reform in the relationship between church and state during this period.As Anglican churches spread from England to all over the world gradually established independent churches, the Anli Gan sect gradually formed.
Organization
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Anli Ganzong has no worldwide unified organization or centralized leadership.The churches in the sect are not affiliated with each other.It is customary to respect the Archbishop of Canterbury as the nominal leader, take the Bible as the doctrinal basis, and the British King as the supreme head of state. While adhering to the traditional doctrines, it advocates the compatibility of various schools in specific interpretation, and takes a middle position between Catholicism and other Protestant sects.Keep the bishopric system and recognize its nature of inheriting apostles, but also let ordinary believers participate in church management.He is in favor of church reform, but advocates respecting the Bible and church traditions, and believes that balance should be maintained between the two.The Book of Common Prayer is used in worship, but a certain degree of flexibility is allowed. Therefore, there are various sects in the sect, such as high church, low church, broad church, evangelical, etc.Anligan claimed to be a member of the Holy Catholic Church preached by the apostles, maintaining the orthodox belief inherited and interpreted by the Bible and the ancient Godfather, and only recognized the Pope as one of the world's bishops.Respect the authority of the state, but not subordinate to it.The Anglican Church requires pastors to abide by the Thirty Nine Principles of Belief, but not ordinary believers. Other churches in this church generally do not pay special attention to this principle.The sacrament is divided into three levels: bishop, president (equivalent to pastors of other sects), and clergy.The basic educational administration unit is the diocese. In most areas, the diocese forms the province of education. There are different situations, such as one country including the province of education or one province, one province containing several countries, and one diocese containing one or more countries.The job title and organization vary from place to place.
Amritanism
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interpretation
This name refers to a Christian model that arose in England, Ireland and Wales in the sixteenth century due to the Reformation Theology, and later spread to British overseas territories through the efforts of expatriates and missionaries;Its most important figure is Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), the archbishop of Canterbury since 1532.Klammer was deeply influenced by reformers in the European continent, including Lutheran Theology and Reformed Theology. However, his research and independent thinking brought a unique color to the British reformist movement.
creed
Article 39 is the most important creed of Anglicanism, which is mainly based on the Augsburg Confession;However, the provisions on sacraments tend to be more Swiss (Reformed) than Lutheran, and the last eight articles on church order (Church Government) and church state relations are part of the British mainland.Historically, the Anglican clergy had to accept thirty-nine articles before they could be established (which is still true in many regions), but the thirty-nine articles did not leave much influence on the theology of Amrikanism, as did the creed of the European continent.
There are also three Creeds in Crammel's Book of Common Prayer. The overall theological thought is similar to the 39 articles, but it is expressed in a spiritual way.Its influence on the Church of England is far deeper than any other church ceremony in Europe, especially the revised version in 1662. Until modern times, it was still the most important unity force of the Anglican Church.
Sect
Since the 16th century, different theological schools have sprung up in Amritanism Puritanism, Laudian, Latitudinarian, Evangelical TheoryTractarian (the missionary movement launched by Oxford in 1833, named after its use of leaflets, see Anglo Catholic Theology,Liberalismand Conservatism in Theology），Each has varying degrees of loyalty to the traditional Protestantism.The latter three groups are still the main forces, emphasizing Scripture, tradition and reason (Sen Huker,Hooker， Richard），However, they still regard the Bible as the supreme authority, and they have a certain influence on the Anglican Reformation.
The episcopal system of the Episcopal Church was originally an internal system, which was not intended to deny other systems of the more orthodox church. For example, if the clergy of the Presbyterian want to transfer to the Episcopal Church, they do not have to be appointed by the Episcopal Church to perform their duties;However, in 1662, the Presbyterian Church and the Congregationists successively abolished the bishopric system. In order to respond to them, the Episcopal Church canceled the previous tolerant measures.Since then, people have felt that the Anglican Church does not accept other sects that are not episcopal;In fact, only the unilateralist movement is so exclusive, and none else is.
Today's Episcopal Church is a universal church group. Each region is autonomous (distributed in Britain, Australia, Africa and North America). At the same time, it respects the Archbishop of Canterbury, but the Archbishop has no legal binding force on other Anglican churches.In terms of church state relations, only the Anglican Church and the government still have a formal subordinate relationship, so the Archbishop of Canterbury is still under the Anglican Church, and her highest leader is the King of England;In the colonial era, overseas Anglican bishops and bishops also recognized the supreme authority of the British king.
declaration
Lambert's Four Point Declaration
The Lambeth Conference of bishops, which is held every ten years, is a time for Anglican clergy everywhere to express their historical origins and respect the Archbishop of Canterbury.In addition, it is not easy to point out what factors link all Anglican churches together.In 1888, the Lambert Bishop's Conference put forward four topics, which were jointly observed by the Episcopal Church of the World, called the Lambert Quadrilateral, namely: 1. The supreme authority and sufficiency of the Bible;2. Apostles', Creed is used as the baptized scripture in many places (not today), and the Nicene scripture is used as the standard to explain faith;3. Holy Communion and baptism are the most basic sacraments;4. Episcopal system of history.
These four declarations alone show that many factors have been rejected, especially Article 39 (slightly modified in the United States), the Athana Creed (completely abandoned by the Episcopal Church of the United States), and the 1662 Book of Common Prayer (revised in some countries);The religious rites adopted in some places have nothing to do with the public prayer book, and the religious rites adopted in different places are also different, which makes the connection with the church rites lost.Moreover, different practices in many places have also weakened internal links, such as women (see Women's Theology,Feminist Theology）、In some areas, women are ordained as priests or bishops, but in some areas, they are severely rejected, which further causes serious differences in the recognition of pastoral duties within the Episcopal Church.The status of Article 39 varies from place to place. Some regions deliberately put it in a lower position, while others simply give it up completely;This phenomenon gradually blurred their relationship with Canterbury.
Episcopal churches everywhere
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Universal Anglican
The birth of the Universal Episcopal Church was due to the establishment of churches around the world by the Anglican Church.From a historical point of view, the development of the Universal Saint Duke has two stages.
(1) In the 17th century, the Anglican Church began to establish churches in the former British colonies such as the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa.
(2) Since the 18th century, a group of Anglican missionaries have established Anglican churches in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
There are more than 70 million Catholics of the Anglican Church, distributed in 38 provinces.There are 160 Anglican members from 160 countries and regions in 38 provinces.They speak different languages and come from different races and cultures.
The universal Anglican Church is not a unified church system, but a "church fellowship". All the churches in the Anglican Church have equal status, and the Church of England (Anglican Church of England) does not play the role of the general assembly. Therefore, it reflects the principle of "Autonomy in Community".
Anglican churches in each region are independent, but they have established a unique joint church called the Anglican Community through the relationship between history, theology, worship and the spiritual leader of the universal Anglican Church, the Archbishop of Canterbury, England.
Scottish Episcopal Church
The Scottish Episcopal Church was originally the Church of Scotland, but it was deeply influenced by the trend of European reform in the era of religious reform.In 1592, the Church of Scotland gave up the bishopric system for the first time and became the Presbyterian Church. The church that retained the bishopric system became the Anglican Church of Scotland today.The Anglican Church of Scotland plays a very important role in the expansion of the universal Anglican Church, and it is also the first church to give up the word "Anglican" and use "Episcopal" instead.The Episcopal Church of Scotland helped to establish the Episcopal Church in the United States of America after the American Revolution.
Anglican Church of Australia
The Anglican Church of Australia is a Christian church and a member of the Universal Episcopal Fellowship.Before its name was changed in 1981, it was called the Church of England in Australia.After Catholicism, it is the second largest church in Australia, with 3881000 believers.
