Bitter almond, alias:Almond。Latin name: Semen Armeniacae AmarumbyRosaceaeBotanyPrunus armeniacaIn summer, harvest the mature fruits, remove the pulp and core shell, take out the seeds, and dry them in the sun.
The main functions areLower QiRelieve cough and asthma,Moisten intestines and relieve constipation。It is used for coughing and wheezing, and the chest is full of phlegm,Blood deficiencyThe fluid is dry and the intestines are dry and constipation.It is mainly produced in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi.Almonds are divided into sweet almonds and bitter almonds.Almonds produced in southern China belong toSweet almond(also known asSouthern almond）It tastes slightly sweet and delicate, and is mostly used for food. It can also be added into cakes, cookies and dishes as raw materials.
Bitter almond is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material. The pharmacopoeia records that this product is Prunus armeniaca L.varansu MaximPrunus sibirica L., Prunus mandshurica L. (Maxim. Koehne or Prunus armeniaca L.),Moisten intestines and relieve constipation。It is used for coughing, asthma, chest full of phlegm, dry intestines and constipation.
The effective ingredient of bitter almond for relieving cough and asthma is amygdalin. The bitter almond not only contains amygdalin, but also has an enzyme that can decompose amygdalin. This enzyme can be activated at a certain temperature and humidity to decompose amygdalin and produce hydrocyanic acid. Therefore, excessive intake or raw intake can cause hydrocyanic acid poisoning, inhibit cell respiration, and form "intracellular asphyxia"hypoxia.After taking orally, amygdalin can be decomposed into hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde in the body. The hydrocyanic acid can inhibit the respiratory center to a certain extent, making the respiratory movement quiet and achieving the effect of relieving cough and asthma.
In recent years, some studies have been carried out on the processing of bitter almond with amygdalin as the index. The processing methods of bitter almond, bitter almond and stir fried bitter almond are included in the first volume of the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
fallen leavestree, up to 6m.Leaves are alternate, broadly ovate or ovoid, 5 ～ 10cm long and 3.5 ～ 6cm wide, with short sharp or acuminate apex, rounded base, and fine serrated or inconspicuous double serrated edges;The petiole is mostly red, with 2Glands。Flowers solitary, first leaves open, few pedicels;sepal5. Reversed buckle folding;Petals 5, white or pink;Stamens numerous;Carpel 1, pubescent.DrupeNear round, about 3cm in diameter, orange yellow;The nucleus is hard, flat and heart-shaped, with grooves along the ventral suture.The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruit period is from May to June.
In summer, harvest the mature fruits, remove the pulp and core shell, and take the seeds to dry.
geographical distribution
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It is mostly cultivated in low or hilly areas.Main productsThree North Region(North China, Northeast China and Northwest China), mainly in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi.Among them, Hebei ProvincePingquan CountyIt is the largest production area of bitter almonds in China
Growth habit
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The bitter almond
The adaptability of plants is strong,Drought tolerance, cold resistant, barren resistant, resistantsaline-alkali。In summer, it grows normally at 43.9 ℃;It can survive the winter safely at - 40 ℃.It can be planted on flat or sloping land.
Processing of bitter almonds
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Almond
Methods: Take 12 samples of bitter almonds, 3000 g each, and put them into the boiling water of the sandwich pot according to the candle method. Turn them over continuously until the seed coat shrinks to stretch. When it is easy to rub off, remove them from the water, immediately put them into cold water, remove the seed coat with a peeling machine, and dry them at low temperature in time on the same day. Several different heating time and cold soaking time have a greater impact on the content of the active ingredient amygdalin.The heating time is too short to peel, nor enough to kill the enzyme of bitter almond. If the heating time is too long, it will cause the loss of amygdalin. The cold soak process will make some glycosides dissolve in water, and some glycosides will be hydrolyzed, so the cold soak time should not be too long. The drying temperature should be low. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to become oily, and the appearance color will turn yellow, affecting the quality of the finished product.Bitter almonds can be heated in boiling water for 4-10 minutes and soaked in cold water for 10 minutes. Low temperature drying is reasonable, which means they are easy to peelAmygdalinThe content loss will not be too large, which can ensure the product quality and efficacy.
Bitter almond has a bitter taste and is slightly toxic. If the dosage is too large or used improperly, it is likely to be poisoned. After processing, it can destroy the enzyme and preserve the glycosides, so that amygdalin can slowly decompose under the action of gastric acid in the body, producing an appropriate amount of hydrocyanic acid. It only has the effect of relieving cough without causing poisoning, and can enhance its function of moistening the intestines. It is safe to use. After processing, it can remove the non medicinal parts to facilitate the decocting of effective ingredients,Improve the efficacy.But the heating time, cold soak time and drying temperature of processing are very important.It will affect the appearance of bitter apricot and the effective ingredients of amygdalin, so control the bitter apricot: the heating time, cold soak time and drying temperature of processing can ensure the quality of the decoction pieces.PH value, temperature, sodium chloride concentration and protein concentration had significant effects on the functional characteristics of almond protein.At pH 4.0, the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, foaming capacity, emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of protein are the smallest, but the foam stability of almond protein is the best at this time;After deviating from the isoelectric point, various functional characteristics are improved;In a certain range, the functional properties of the protein increased slightly with the increase of temperature;Low concentration of sodium chloride can improve the foaming property, foam stability, emulsifying property and emulsifying stability of protein;The foaming property, foam stability, emulsifying property and emulsifying stability of protein increased with the increase of protein concentration.[1]
Medicinal value
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chemical composition
containAmygdalin(amygdalin) about 3%, fatty oil about 50%, and containing emulsin, amygdalase, prunase, oxynitrilase, andsoluble protein After the seeds are crushed and placed with water, amygdalin is affected by amygdalase to generate hydrocyanic acid, benzaldehyde and glucose. Research progress in chemical composition: omitted
application
1. Antitussive and antiasthmatic effects
Sweet almond
Bitter almonds containAmygdalin, amygdalin can beMicrobial enzymeOr the bitter almond contained in the bitter almond itself is hydrolyzed by enzymes to produce trace amount ofHydrocyanic acidAndBenzaldehyde, YesRespiratory centerIt has inhibitory effect, relieving cough and asthma.《Seeking truth from primitive script》It is recorded that "almonds have the ability to dissipate wind and cold, and have the ability to expel asthma".It is good at relieving cough, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma. It can coughPhlegmon, wheezing and strong pertinence, so ancient and modern physicians used it as a drug for the lung system, regardless of internal injuries and external causes, new diseases and chronic diseases, all involving the lungs.useguinea pigIn vitro organ test,Almond waterThe extract can reduce the sensitivity of organs to ammonia stimulationhistamine、acetylcholine、Barium chlorideIt can stimulate the smooth muscle of trachea and has obvious antitussive effect.Use SO2 cough method to prove thatmiceThe inhibition rates of amygdalin on cough frequency were 26%, 22.8% and 25.3% respectively after oral administration of 1mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg for 30min.GavageBitter Almond Extract48.3mg/kg was 39.7% stronger than the same amount of amygdalin.Bitter almond can promotepulmonary surfactant The synthesis of (PS) is beneficial to the pulmonary respiratory function. Bitter almond can not only promote the synthesis of PS, but also improve various physiological and biochemical indicators related to the lung (such as lung homogenous plasma, lung water volume, total phospholipids andPathological sectionEtc.).
2. Effect on digestive system
Almond tastes bitter and is rich in fatty oil.Fatty oil can improve the lubricating effect of intestinal contents on mucosa, so almond hasMoisten intestines and relieve constipationFunction.Amygdalin can be decomposed into hydrocyanic acid by enzyme action, and it also produces benzaldehyde, which can inhibitPepsinTo affect the digestive function.The pepsin hydrolysate of the water-soluble part of almond was tested at a dose of 500 mg/kgcarbon tetrachlorideIt was found that it could inhibit AST, ALT levels andhydroxyprolineIncrease in content and inhibitEuglobulin dissolution timeExtension of.The pepsin hydrolysate of water-soluble part of almond can inhibit the proliferation of rat liver connective tissue, but cannot inhibit D-GalactosamineThe levels of AST and ALT in rats were increased.
3. Anti inflammatory and analgesic effects
Bitter Almond - Traditional Chinese Medicine
The water extract of defatted bitter almond inhibited the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice and the formation of granuloma inflammation induced by cotton balls in rats.useRatFoot joint edema method,intravenous injection40mg/kg almondWater soluble proteinComponents KR-A and KR-B5mg/kg can inhibit inflammation.usemiceNaphthoquinoneThe pain model test showed that when KR-A or KR-B was administered intravenously at 5mg/kg, the pain inhibition rates were 40.7% and 58.2%, respectively.Their effects on ratsCarrageenanED50 was 13.9 mg/kg and 6.4 mg/kg respectively.The mouse hot plate method and acetic acid writhing method confirmed that,AmygdalinIt has analgesic effect, but is different frommorphineAnalgesic.Benzaldehyde produced by amygdalin decompositionBenzoin condensationBenzoin is produced by enzymatic reaction.BenzoinIt has analgesic effect, so some people in China use bitter almond to treat advanced liver cancer, which can relieve the pain of patients, and some even do not need to take painkillers.
4. Antitumor effect
The bitter almond
Amygdalin was first isolated from almonds in the early 20th century, and was first used to treat tumors in the United States in 1920.Dr. Ernest Krebs was the first person to use amygdalin in medicine in the United States, and called itVitamin B17。Since the 1950s, amygdalin has been widely used in the United States, Mexico and other countries to treat tumors, and its trade name is vitamin B17 or laetrile, but its anti-tumor effect has not been obtainedFDAThere has always been a controversy in the academic circles, and there are two diametrically opposed views.The proponent believes that amygdalin is a kind of vitamin B17, which has the effect of preventing and treating tumors, and puts forward some theoretical and experimental data.If it is believed that anaerobic degradation of tumor cells is dominant, the final product is lactic acid, and acidic environment is conducive to improving β --GlucosidaseThe activity of amygdalin can promote amygdalin to decompose more benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid in tumor cells, thus producing selective killing effect on tumor cells.On the contrary, amygdalin is not a vitamin at all, has no anti-cancer effect, or even a toxic substance.Although the anti-tumor effect of amygdalin is still controversial, in Belgium, GermanyItaly, Mexico, andthe PhilippinesIn more than 20 countries, the manufacture and use of amygdalin is legal.
There are a lot of reports about the anti-tumor effect of almond at home and abroad, but the results are inconsistent.Yoshihiko Sato (1979) reported that the crude extract of almond hot water had an inhibitory rate of 50% - 70% on human cervical cancer JTC-26 strain.The research results of Fang Wenlong et al. (1986) show that,Bitter Almond Extractintraperitoneal injection Or intragastric administration, the inhibition rate of hepatoma and sarcoma 180 was 61.7% - 77.1%.Che Wenyi et al. (1987) showed that the anti-tumor active ingredients extracted from bitter almonds were used for transplanted liver cancermiceThe tumor inhibition rates of intraperitoneal injection of 300mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg were 72.0%, 60.8% and 51.0% respectively.Free intake of bitter almond in mice can inhibit Eichhoffascites tumor And prolong the survival time.It has also been reported that amygdalin can prevent and treat liver cancer induced by dimethylnitrosamine, and shrink the tumor focus.However, Mai Weiqi et al. (1981) extracted amygdalin (10% aqueous solution) from bitter almond for animal test, and the results showed that it had no effect on mice liver cancer, S180, etcBacteriostasisActivity.By NCI（American Cancer Society）The human case observation on the effect of amygdalin on cancer was initiated in 1978, but no obvious conclusions were drawn.The United States carried out a variety of cutting-edge clinical trials in 1982, believing that laetrile has no clinical value in treating cancer.
The research on the anti-tumor mechanism of almond mainly includes the following aspects.
① Some scholars believe that cancer cells contain a large amount of β-GlucosidaseThe enzyme can hydrolyze amygdalin to produce hydrocyanic acid (HCN), benzaldehyde and glucose.Due to the lack of thionitrile generating enzyme in cancer cells, this enzyme hasDetoxificationHCN becomes a non-toxic thionitrile, while normal cells lack β - glucosidase and contain a large number of thionitrile generating enzymes.According to this theory, amygdalin should be able to selectively kill cancer cells, but almost harmless to normal cells.
The bitter almond
② Amygdalin can help the bodyTrypsinHyaline appearance of digestive cancer cellsMucinThe membrane makes the white blood cells in the body more accessible to cancer cells and engulf cancer cells.
③ It was found that amygdalin, like NaSCN and NaOCN, can affectThymidineDNA entering hepatoma cells and absorption of phosphate and amino acid by tumor cells.
5. Hypoglycemic effect
Amygdalin can prevent and treat thediabetesRole of.useCarbamideinducemicehighblood sugarThe method proved that amygdalin (3g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 48 hours in advance to measure blood glucose. The results showed that amygdalin could specifically inhibit the blood glucose rise caused by urea, and the effect intensity was related to the concentration of amygdalin in the blood.
6. Hypolipidemic effect
According to the clinical report, 24 patients with blood lipids ranging from 200 to 260 were given 100g almonds every day as the main fat sourceWeeks laterThe average blood lipid decreased by 10.1%.85 patients with hyperlipidemia took 75g almond every day for 4 consecutive weeks, and then continued to observe for 4 weeks after stopping taking it.The results showed that almond can significantly reduce the blood lipid level of patients with hyperlipidemia, among whichTotal serum cholesterol(TC) andLow density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) decreased by 10.6% and 8.1% respectivelyHigh density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) has no obvious change,ApolipoproteinB (Apo B) decreased significantly, and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) increased significantly.Spiller (1990) believed thatMonounsaturated fatty acidIt helps to reduce the slightly elevated blood lipids of patients, and does not need to strictly restrict diet.
7. Cosmetic effect
According to the theory of combining lung with skin and hair, some skin diseases can be treated by the method of promoting the lung in clinical practice, and the combination of almond and almond is often effective.Modern research has proved that the fat oil contained in bitter almonds can soften the cuticle of the skin,Moisturizing and skin careIt can protect nerve endings, blood vessels, tissues and organs, and inhibit bacteria.In addition, HCN generated by enzymatic hydrolysis can inhibit the activity in vivotyrosinaseTo eliminate pigmentation, freckles, black spots, etc., so as to achieve the effect of beauty.
8. Other roles
Zhao Sulian and other researchers found that intramuscular injection of amygdalin in mice can significantly promoteNK cellsActivity and stimulationT lymphocytesThe transformation and proliferation of.Li ChunhuaIn the same experimental animal, et al. observed the effect of amygdalin on the phagocytosis of kupffer cells in liver, and then observed the rDNA of kupffer cells in liver with Ag NOR methodActivationRelationship.The results showed that amygdalin [3mg/(piece · d)] significantly promoted the phagocytosis of amygdalin and the rDNA activation of kupffer cells in liver, and had the function of enhancing the immune system.Amygdalin has antimutagenic effect and can reduce the amount ofmicronucleusPolychromatic erythrocytesNumber of.
Bitter almond oilIn addition, it has insect repellent and bactericidal effects. In vitro tests have a killing effect on human ascaris lumbricoides, earthworms, typhoid feverParatyphoid bacillusIt has antibacterial effect.Almonds also have antipinwormAnd trichomoniasis, treatmentAplastic anemiaeffect.Amygdalin in the treatment of rabbitsschistosomiasisnaturehepatic fibrosis andcarbon tetrachlorideIt also showed obvious curative effect when it caused liver fibrosis in rats, and its mechanism was to increase liver blood flowcollagen The degradation activity of enzymes on collagen I, III, and IV, and the interference with the formation of blood sinus capillarization by affecting the metabolism of collagen IV and laminin.
matters needing attention
1. Do not take it for cough due to yin deficiency and loose stool.
2.《Collection of Materia Medica》: Good fire.Radix Astragali, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Puerariae.Be afraid of weeds.
3. "Materia Medica Classic": cough due to yin deficiency, and those with deficiency heat and hot phlegm in the lung family should avoid it.
4.《Materia Medica Zheng》: Do not use it if the vitality is weak, for fear that it will sink too much.
5.《Fengyuan in this sutra》: Family members who have lost their blood are especially forbidden.
It has been reported that 40-60 capsules of raw bitter almonds taken orally by adults once can be poisoned, and 50-100 capsules can be fatal.It is also reported in the literature that children were poisoned by taking 5 pills orally, and more than 10 pills died.The symptoms of poisoning are bitter and astringent in the mouth, salivating water, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea.Then headache, dizziness, palpitations, elevated blood pressure, and general weakness.Severe poisoning includes sudden fainting, difficult breathingPupillary enlargement、Clenched jawComa, decreased blood pressure, and finally death due to paralysis of the respiratory center.The poisoning mechanism of bitter almond is mainly due to amygdalin beingIntestinal floraInβ - glucosidaseHydrolysisHydrocyanic acidAnd be absorbed.Cyanide ion energy andCytochrome oxidaseThe combination of ferric iron (Fe3+) and the blocking of electron transfer in the process of oxidative respiration leads tohemoglobinLoss of oxygen carrying capacity, and finallyHistiocyteSuffocation due to lack of oxygen.
The toxicity of amygdalin is closely related to the route of administration.Amygdalin is dangerous after taking a large dose orallyCyanide poisoningThe intravenous administration of the drug was excreted through urine without the production of cyanide.miceThe LD50 of intravenous injection was 25g/kg, while that of intragastric administration was 0.887g/kg.The LD50 of rats was 25g/kg by intravenous injection, 8g/kg by intraperitoneal injection, and 0.6g/kg by gavage.The maximum received dose (MTD) of mice, rabbits and dogs by intravenous injection or intramuscular injection was 3g/kg, and 0.075g/kg by gavage.In mice, 0.5 g/kg amygdalin was injected intravenously, and 100% of the animals survived, while 80% of the animals died of poisoning within 48 hours after gavage of the same dose.People take amygdalin 4g/d for half a month or intravenous injection for 1 month, which can be seenToxic reactionIf the dose is reduced to 0.6-1.2g/d, the toxic reaction can be avoided.
Almonds are bitter, warm and invigorate the lungs,Moisten intestines and relieve constipationIt is only suitable for wind evil, intestinal dryness and other cases of excess.Where yin is deficientSmouldering fireIt is not suitable to take single medicine orally for a long time.Such as tuberculosisbronchitis、Chronic enteritis, dry cough without phlegm, etc.
Suitable people for almonds
Edible for general population
1. People with respiratory problems are more suitable;It is suitable for cancer patients and postoperative chemoradiotherapy patients;
2. Infants should take it with caution, and those with cough due to yin deficiency and loose stools should not take it.
Poisoning treatment
Try to induce vomiting immediately after finding poisoning. Use chopsticks, spoons or fingers to stimulate the back wall of the pharynx to urge the patient to vomit poison. If possible, use 1:1000potassium permanganateWater, let the patient drink it and spit it out to wash out the remaining poison in the stomach;Use 120g of licorice and black jujube to fry, or 3~4kg of fresh radish to wash, mash and take the juice for internal use, or use mung bean soup or mung bean powder to wash.After the above treatment, the symptoms are not alleviated and should be sent to the hospital for rescue as soon as possible.
Poisoning prevention
Experts pointed out that when we buy almonds, we should pay attention to the difference between bitter and sweet, because bitter almonds are toxic.The poison of bitter almond comes from amygdalin waterHydrocyanic acidThis substance can cause cell asphyxia and tissue hypoxia.Therefore, we should pay attention to the consumption of bitter almonds in our life.
To prevent bitter almond poisoning, the most important thing is not to eat bitter almonds raw.During the apricot ripening season, parents should tell their children clearly.If cooked or fried, the dosage should also be controlled, otherwise poisoning may occur.Bitter almonds and sweet almonds should be identified. Bitter almonds have a bitter and astringent taste, flat heart shape, sharp tip, blunt round and thick base, and slightly asymmetric from left to right;Sweet almonds are light and sweet, large and flat, with slightly symmetrical base.Bitter almonds should not be mistaken for sweet almonds and eaten raw.
clinical
The bitter almond
1. Sangxing Decoction (Differentiation of Plague) is used to treat the syndrome of exogenous heat and dryness.Headache, mild body heat, thirsty, dry throat and nose, dry cough without phlegm, or phlegm is few and sticky, tongue is red, fur is thin, white and dry, and pulse is floating and large on the right.mulberry leaves3 g, 4.5 g almonds, 6 g ginseng,Elephant shellfish3 g,Spiced black bean3 g,Gardenia peel3 g,Pear peel3 g.Two cups of water, boil one cup, take it at a meal, and take it again if it is heavy.In the prescription, almond can promote lung qi, moisten dryness and stop coughing. It is the sovereign medicine.
2．Ma Xing Gan Shi Tang（《Typhoid theory》）GovernancePulmonary feverCongestion syndrome.Body heat, sweating or no sweating, cough, shortness of breath, even nasal fan, thirst,coating on the tongueThin white or yellow, smooth and numerous veins.Ephedra 5g, almond 9g, liquorice 6g, gypsum 18g.Take seven liters of water, boil ephedra to remove the foam, and boil two liters of all medicines inside, remove the residue, and take one liter of warm.Fang Zhong AlmondLower Qi, assist ephedra to relieve cough and asthma.
3．Wuren pill（《Shi Yi De Xiao Fang》）Cure dry and constipation.Dry stoolIt is difficult to take and get out, the mouth is dry and ready to drink, the tongue is dry with little fur, and the pulse is thin and astringent.15g peach kernel, 15g almond,Cypress kernel5 g,Pine nut kernel5g, 5g for Yu Li Ren, 20g for tangerine peel.Grind the five kinds of benevolence into cream, put them into dried tangerine peel and smooth them, and refine honey into pills, such asChinese parasolBig, every 50 pills, empty rice drink.(Modern usage: it can be changed to decoction, the dosage can be determined, and the decoction can be taken in water.) The prescription is moist and fatty, moist and dry, and can relieve constipation, lower lung qi, and facilitate defecation. It is the sovereign medicine.
2. Collection of Materia Medica: detoxification of tin and Hu powder.
The bitter almond
3. List of Famous Doctors:Convulsion, the heart gets irritated and hot, and the trend goes. It can relieve headache, relieve muscles, calm the heart, and kill dog poison.
4．《Theory of medicinal nature》: Treating abdominal arthralgia,Sweating, governing febrile diseases.Cure acute and full pain of heart, exceptVentralIt can cure lung qi cough and shortness of breath.enterAsparagusFried, moisten the heart and lungs.It can be used as soup with cheese to nourish the voice.The air conditioner is activated at night.
6．《Medical enlightenment》: In addition to the dryness in the lung, the treatment of wind dryness lies in the chest and diaphragm.The Secret of DominationClouds moisten lung qi, dissipate food, and promote stagnation of qi.
7．《Herbal medicine of southern Yunnan》: Stop coughing, eliminate phlegm and moisten the lungs, moisten the intestines and stomach, eliminate flour accumulation, and lower qi.To treat malnutrition.
8．《Compendium of Materia Medica》: Insect controlScabies, detumescence, remove the blisters on the head and face.
9．Li Gao: Bitter almonds can cure asthma.Peach kernel cures madness and blood.Treatment of peach and bitter almondshitSecrets should be divided by qi and blood.In the daytime, it is difficult to defecate, and the Yang qi is also used;At night, it is difficult to defecate.Therefore, if the empty person's stool is dry and secret and cannot be over discharged, the pulse will float in the air, and bitter almonds and orange peel will be used;The pulse sinks in the blood, with peach kernel and orange peel;Therefore, those who all use tangerine peel regard hand Yangming and hand Taiyin as exterior and interior.On the cardia, the master comes and goes, and under the soul, the master shuts down.Therefore, Wang said that the lung and large intestine are channels.
10. Compendium of Materia Medica: bitter almond can disperse and reduce energy, so it can be used as a medicine for relieving muscle, dispersing wind, reducing qi, moistening dryness, and eliminating accumulation, and for treating injuries and damages.To cure sore and kill insects, use its poison.In the medicine for treating wind cold and lung disease, there are also those who use even the skin tip.
11．《Changsha Pharmacolysis》: The lung is the master of storing qi, which falls on the chest and diaphragm and passes through the meridians. When the qi is contrary, the chest and diaphragm are closed and wheezing and coughing occur. When the disease is hidden, it cannot be lowered. Because of the congestion, the disease can not pass through the meridians, which causes swelling and pain.Bitter almonds are good at relieving obstruction and relieving asthma, reducing swelling and moistening dryness, and regulating qi stagnation.Its main indications are to treat cough, regulate aphasia, stop hemoptysis, cut off blood avalanche, kill insect NI, remove ZHA thorn, open deafness, and removeOcular pannusIt can smooth pterygium, eliminate and stop eating, moisten large intestine, pass urine, and has various effects, all of which can reduce turbidity and depression.
Bitter Almond - Traditional Chinese Medicine
12．《Seeking truth from primitive script》: The bitter almond has the ability to disperse wind and cold, and has the ability to expel asthma. The bitter almond can dispel evil, the bitter almond can expel qi, the moist almond can unblock constipation, and the warm almond can promote stagnation and phlegm.The smell of bitter almonds is all ready, so when the lung meridian feels coldAsthma and coughCough, chest full of constipation, irritability, headache, and husbandpoison produced by venomous insects, sores, dog poison, facial poisonTin poison、Golden ulcerAll can be cured.Dongyuan on bitter almond andAsterBoth of them promote the circulation of the lung, eliminate depression and open drowning. One is for the blood of the lung meridian, and the other is for the qi of the lung meridian;Both bitter almonds and peach kernels can cure constipation, while once the pulse is floating, asthma and constipation can be seen in the daytime;Once it is cured, its pulse is heavy and its constipation is rampant. It can be seen at night.Feng ChuIn general, bitter almonds and Trichosanthes kirilowii are all used to remove phlegm, but they disperse from the striae to remove phlegm, so those who show deficiency are the most taboo;It is forbidden to clear away from the intestines and stomach.Although all medicines have the same appearance, they can be distinguished after investigation. It is necessary to examine them carefully and investigate them carefully.But if you use bitter almonds to cure constipation, you must use tangerine peel to assist, and then the qi begins to pass.
13．《Pharmacological signs》: The bitter almond is mainly used to treat the dehydration in the chest, so it is used to treat asthma and cough, while the side treatment is short breath and chest congestion, heartburn, and body edema.
14. The Book of Records:Mahuang Decoction、major green dragon decoctionEphedra, bitter almond and liquoricePlaster soup、Mahuang Jiazhu Decoction, Ephedra, Bitter Almond, CoixLiquorice soup、Houpu Mahuang Decoction, clam soup, all ephedra and bitter almond are used together, covered with ephedra and mainly used for dispersing, its power is felt in the hair orifices, not through bitter almonds to stretch its blood vesselsZhongqi, his travel will be slow and hurtEphedraIt is to bitter almonds, as the cinnamon twigs are to peonies, and jellyfish is to shrimp.
15．《Convenient Reading of Materia Medica》: All benevolence is reduced, so (bitter almond) skill can reduce qi, and if qi is reduced, phlegm will disappear and cough will stop.It can moisten the large intestine, so it can be used when the large intestine is closed.It seems that the bitter almond has no bitter taste. It seems that it has the function of moistening and descending, but it has no strength to dissolve. But the cold is outside and the lung qi is obstructed. It is necessary to use this bitter almond to make the qi smooth and the surface can be solved. Therefore, Mahuang Soup is also used in this way.Peach kernel and bitter almond are similar in nature. One enters the liver and blood, the other enters the lung.As for detoxification and insect killing, we can both treat each other, and care about the god's ear of the user
Party selection
① Treatment of lung cold, stroke and cough:Asarum25g (mashed to powder), 25g bitter almonds (soaked in soup, peeled off sharp and double kernels, fried with bran and slightly yellow, grinded as cream).Apply the medicine, melt half a liang of wax in the pan, and then make it crisp. Add asarum and bitter almonds, and the pill is as big as a lamb jujube.Regardless of the time, wrap a pill with cotton to dissolve saliva.（《Shenghuifang》）
② GovernanceCough reverses qi: Three liters of bitter almonds, cooked as cream, and one liter of honey, three percent. With one minute of bitter almonds, make them strong, and one minute of bitter almonds, as cream, and one minute of honey, until they are cooked.If you eat first and swallow it, you will be more or less at ease on the third day.If you take a dagger that is not more than half an inch in size, you will have dysentery.(Qian Jin Fang is bitterAlmond pill）
③ Those who have suffered from lung asthma, cough for a long time and cannot sleep: 25 grams of bitter almonds (peeled and slightly fried),Walnut meat(Peeling) 25g.Put a little raw honey into the upper part, and grind it very carefully. Make 10 pills every 50 grams.For each pill, chew ginger soup and lie down after eating.（《Yang Family Tibetan Recipe》BitterFried almonds）
④ Treatment of acute asthma: 25g each for peach kernel and bitter almond (remove double kernels, peel tips, stir fry).It has two flavors and is finely grinded. It has a little water mixed noodles, and the pill is as big as a Chinese parasol.For every ten pills, ginger and honey soup will make a small profit.（《General Record of Saint Francis》Shuangren Pill)
⑤ Treatment of asthma, edema and urination: 50g bitter almonds, peeled off, boiled, and boiledPorridgeExtremely cooked, hollow eat two in one.(Shiyi Xinjing)
⑥ Treatment of hemoptysis due to lung disease: 40 bitter almondsbeeswaxStir fry, grind, addindigo naturalis5g, for cakeDried persimmonOne is to break the package of medicine, wrap it with wet paper, and simmer cooked food.（Zhu Zhenheng）
⑦ It can benefit the throat, remove throat obstruction, cough due to phlegm and saliva, and heat in the throat can cause sores: remove the skin of bitter almonds and boil them until they are red, and mix them with the end of Guangxi. They can be grinded like mud, wrapped like fingers, and contain them.(Collection of Materia Medica)
⑧ It is not good for curing a long illness: 400g of bitter almonds, 300g of peach kernels (all peeled with soup), ten liang of Lou kernels (shelled), and three flavors are always pounded like mud;Sichuan fritillaryEight liang,Chen DanxingFour liang (after three systems), the same asfritillaria thunbergiiGrind very finely, mix with apricot, peach and trichosanthes.Shenqu four liang grinding end, paste into pills, Wu Zi big.Take 15g every morning, lightGinger soupNext.(Authentic Fang Mai)
⑨ Treatment of diarrhea and dysentery: 20 bitter almonds (dip in soup to remove the skin tip),CrotonTwenty (all the oil removed).The top piece is finely ground. Steamed jujube meat is a pill, as big as mustard seed,CinnabarFor clothes.Take one pill before eating.(The Yang Family Collection RecipeCinnabar pill）
⑩ Cure upper qi, head and face wind, headache, chest full of qi, qi flowing up and down, heart irritated and hot, puerperal golden ulcer: one liter of bitter almond, grind it, use a bucket of water to filter the juice, make it exhausted, use copper ware and fire to cook from the day to the day, as if cookedFat cream, below.Take a square inch dagger on an empty stomach, three days a day. Those who don't drink alcohol should take it.(Qian Jin Fang is bitterMarzipan ）
(11) Treatment of eye diseases covered by pannus membrane, but the pupil did not break: three liters of bitter almond (dip in soup to remove the skin tip, for two people).For each liter, wrap it with flour, heat it in the ash fire, remove the flour, grind the bitter almond, press it for oil, grind the coppergreen coin with the almond oil, and nod the eyes with copper chopsticks.(The General Record of Sacred alms, bitter almond paste)
(13) Treatment of sores, swelling and pain: peel off bitter almonds, research and filter the cream, put light powder and sesame oil on it, regardless of adults and children.(Compendium)
(14) Treating dogs and rodents: five combinations of bitter almonds, make them black, grind them into pieces and apply them with cream.(Qian Jin Fang)
