The Suez Canal, also known as the Suez Canal, was built and opened to navigation in 1869sea levelThe waterway ofEgyptTransfixionIsthmus of Suez, Communicationmediterranean seaAndCrimson SeaFrom Europe tothe indian oceanHexithe pacific oceanThe nearest route to the nearby land.It is one of the most frequently used routes in the world, and also the boundary between Asia and AfricaAsiaAndAfrica、EuropeThe main passage for people to and from.
Canal starts from the northPort SaidSouth to Suez City, atPort SaidTunneling north into the Mediterranean toSuezTo the south of.The completion of the Suez Canal has turned the African Peninsula intoAfrican continentEgypt crosses Asia and Africa, and trade in Southwest Asia, Northeast Africa and Southern Europe is busier.
On July 29, 2015,New Suez CanalThe dredging work has been officially completed and officially opened on August 6, 2015.[1]
On March 23, 2021, a heavy cargo ship flying the Panamanian flag ran aground in the new channel of the Suez Canal that day, causing channel congestion.On the 25th local time, Egypt's Suez Canal Authority said that it had temporarily suspended traffic on the Suez Canal.[8]On March 29 local time,President of EgyptSaisi announced on the social platform that the country had ended the crisis caused by the stranded cargo ship Changci on the Suez Canal.[11]The latest research of Allianz, a German insurance company, shows that the blockade of the Suez Canal caused by grounding may cause a daily loss of 6 billion to 10 billion dollars in global trade[14]。
On November 4, 2021 local time, Rabieh, Director of Egypt Suez Canal Authority, said that the Canal Authority decided to raise the cost of ships passing the Suez Canal in 2022 from 20216%[17]。
Chinese name
Suez Canal
Foreign name
the Suez Canal
Alias
Suyisi Canal
geographical position
North of the Red Sea West of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
The Suez Canal is the dividing line between Asia and Africa, and also the most direct waterway between Asia and Africa and Europe (see the regional map).The west side of the canal is the low-lying delta of the Nile River, and the east side is higher. It is the rugged and arid Sinai Peninsula.Before the canal was built, Suez City was the only important neighborhood.The other towns along the coast basically developed after the canal was completed.[2]
Topographically, Suez is not the same. There are three shallow depressions full of water: Manzara Lake, Timsah Lake and Kuhu Lake. Although the latter is different in size, it forms a continuous water area.The Suez Canal passes through the Suez Isthmus, connecting the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.The isthmus is composed of marine sediment, coarse sand and gravel accumulated in the earlier rainfall period, alluvial soil of the Nile (especially in the north) and sand blown by the wind.Digging canals at the isthmus to connect the ocean or the sea can save the sea voyage.
Open channel route
The Suez Canal is an open channel without gate. The whole line is basically straight, but there are also 8 main bends.The canal runs through four lakes from north to south: Lake Manzala, Lake TimsahGreat Bitter LakeGreat Bitter Lake, Little Bitter Lake.The two ends are respectively connected to thePort SaidAnd SouthCrimson SeaSuez City on the border.
River mileage
From route buoy to Port Said Lighthouse: 19.5 km;From the waiting area to the south entrance: 8.5 km;From Port Said to Ismailia: 78.5 km;From Ismailia to Taufik Port: 83.75 km;Length of speed increase zone: 78.00 km.
Water surface width (north/south): 345-280m;Width between buoys (north/south): 215-195m;Canal depth: 22.5m;Maximum allowable ship draft: 18.8976m;Crossing area: 4800-4350 square meters;Maximum tonnage: 210000 tons;Speed limit of fully loaded oil tanker: 13 km/h;Speed limit for cargo hold vessels: 14 km/h.
Formation and change
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ancient
Digging history may be as far asTwelfth dynasty of Egypt ，PharaohSenusret III (Senusret III, whose name is“Suez”In order to carry out direct trade through land gondolas, it was ordered to excavate a "east-west"canal, ConnectCrimson SeaAndthe Nile。Some evidence shows that the existence of this canal lasted at least until the 13th century BCRamesses II Period, subsequentcanalBe abandoned.
According to Greek historiansHerodotusAccording to his book The Histories of Herodotus, about 600 BC, Necho II started his re excavation work, but did not complete it.
France inNapoleonRebuild after failureFrenchThe Second Colonial EmpireAmericaOfcolonylose due to the mistake of sth.britain, soFranceFocus on the east and open up the Suez CanalFranceIt is more significant.
In 1854 and 1856,FranceIn Egyptconsulferdinand de lesseps (Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps, 1805-1894)Ottoman EmpireThe Egyptian Governor Said Pasha granted a concession.Pasha authorized Leseb to set up a company and build a shipping canal open to ships from all countries according to the plan formulated by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli.[13]Through the lease of relevant land, the company can operate for 99 years from the opening of the canal.
On December 15, 1858, Compagnie Universtelle du Canal Maritime de Suez was established.Forced povertyEgyptianIt took nearly 11 years to dig a canal through the desert, and some coolies even whipped it.The project overcame many technical, political and financial problems.The final cost was 18.6 million pounds, more than twice the original budget.
The canal was opened to navigation on November 17, 1869, which was designated as the anniversary of the canal's navigation.
The canal was studied again in 1834 and 1846.Ferdinand de Lesseps received a charter from the Egyptian Governor Said Pasha to build a canal.The project was started in 1859 and took 10 years to complete.The preliminary plan is fromDeltaDig a small canal and a southern branch line (now called As Suwaysal Hulwah Canal) along the Tumela River, which was formerly called Sweet Water Canal) to Suez, and a northern section (Al Abbasiyah Canal) to Port Said.The canal, which provided drinking water for other arid areas, was completed in 1863.
In 1859, the Canal Company employed thousands of Egyptian migrant workers at very low wages and forced them to do extremely heavy work in the tropical desert area of the Suez Isthmus. Drinking water was very scarce at the construction site, and a large number of migrant workers died of thirst.The food provided by the company is poor, and one meal is not enough for even one child. Most migrant workers are often semi hungry.The sanitary conditions are very poor,bronchitis, hepatitis, lung disease, dysentery and other diseases are extremely common, especially the epidemic of plague, which killed a large number of migrant workers.
In 1863, typhoid fever swept over the construction site, and many migrant workers died suddenly.
In 1865, cholera broke out on the construction site, and a large number of migrant workers died, so that the people who sent patients to the emergency station could not be found, and no one went to dispose of the dead migrant workers' bodies on the construction site.In order to build the Suez Canal, 120000 Egyptian migrant workers died for it, with an average of 738.5 deaths per kilometer.
After the completion of the first phase expansion project of Suez Canal in December 1980, the total length of the canal was 195 kilometers, 365 meters wide, 16.16 meters deep, and 68 kilometers of double track. It can be used for navigation with 150000 tons of no-load and 370000 tons of full loadtankerIt is one of the important canals connecting the sea in the world.
In 1875, foreign debt forcedPasha(Said Pasha's successor) sold shares in the canal to Britain.
In 1882, British cavalry stationed in the canal.
In 1888,ConstantinopleThe conference announced that the canalBritish EmpireProtectedneutral zoneIt stipulates that the canal is open to ships from all countries, whether in peace or during war.In addition, the Convention stipulates that there shall be no hostile action in the waters of the canal, and no fortifications shall be built along its coast.
In 1936, Britain signed a contract with Egypt《Anglo Egyptian Treaty》Britain insisted on retaining control of the Suez Canal.
In February 1941, Rommel, the commander of the German Expeditionary Force in North Africa, commanded the Egyptian attack to seize the Suez Canal.And tried to drop bombs on the Suez Canal.Jasper Maskilin, a famous British magician, became a lieutenant of the British army as a special operations officer. He presided over the use of searchlights and tin plate reflectors to create a light curtain that interfered with the German pilots' night vision, supplemented by anti-aircraft fire in the daytime, which greatly reduced the bombing accuracy,[25]The Suez Canal was protected.
In 1951, Egypt overthrew 1936《Anglo Egyptian Treaty》The new government asked Britain to withdraw its troops.
In 1954, Britain agreed to give up.
In June 1956, the last group of British troops withdrew from Egypt.
On July 26, 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser announced that the Suez Canal was nationalized.
On October 29, 1956, the Israeli army invaded EgyptSuez War (also known as the Second Middle East War).The impact of war damage and sunken ships led to the closure of the canal until it was cleared in April 1957 with the assistance of the United Nations.[3]
Suez Canal
In 1967,Six Day WarThe outbreak forced the canal to close again.In the meantime, in 1973, Judeayom kippur war In China, the canal became the place where the Egyptian army crossed into the Israeli controlled area of the Sinai Peninsula, and then the Israeli army crossed the canal westward.
On May 11, 2021, Egypt's Al Ahram reported that Egyptian President Abdel Sisi approved the waterway widening plan for the southern section of the Suez Canal submitted by the Suez Canal Authority on the same day, which is expected to be completed within two years.The cargo ship grounding accident in March this year highlighted the importance of widening the southern section of the Suez Canal.The plan mainly covers about 30 km of the Suez Canal from Suez City to Dakuhu Lake, which will be widened by 40 meters on the basis of the previous one, and the maximum depth will be deepened from about 20 meters to about 22 meters.The completion of this plan will enable the southern section of Suez Canal to have two-way traffic capacity and improve the traffic efficiency of the canal[16]。
On January 16, 2022, Usama Rabiya, President of Egypt's Suez Canal Authority, said that the project of widening the southern section of the Suez Canal channel would take two years and was expected to be completed in July 2023.[20]
use
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peacetime
The canal was put into use in 1870.At first, a ship had to enter the passage bay to stop at the two-way passage, but the escort system was adopted after 1947.At first, the average travel time was 40 hours, which had been reduced to 13 hours by 1949. However, the transportation volume increased after 1942, and rose to 15 hours by 1967, even with escorts. This reflects the increase in the transportation volume of oil tankers at that time.The convoys set out every day, two to the south and one to the north.The southbound convoy stops at Port Said, Al Balah, Timsach Lake and Al Kabrit, and there are bypass roads to the north. The convoy can continue to move here without stopping.With the decrease of the total traffic volume and the corresponding expansion of the canal, the traffic time has been about 14 hours since 1975.
Since a record 984000 passengers were transported in 1945, passenger transport has been reduced to a negligible number due to competition from aircraft.Airplanes also carry small quantities of high-value goods.The further decrease in canal traffic also stems from the transfer of Australian trade from Europe to Japan and East Asia.
However, the operation of oil from RussiaSouthern EuropeandAlgeriaThe transportation task of oil refineries to India is still continuing;The transport of dry goods, including grain, ores and metals, also increased.
wartime
The history of international use of canals during the war is as follows:
1898Spanish American WarSpanish warships are not allowed to pass during the period;
1905Russo Japanese WarDuring this period, the Russian naval fleet was not allowed to pass;
Italian ships were also allowed to pass during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935-1936.
In principle, the first time andthe Second World WarDuring this period, the canal was open to all belligerents, but the military advantages of the Allies made it impossible for Germany and its allies to use the canal effectively.
Israel in 1949 andarab countriesAfter the armistice, Egypt did not allow Israel to use the canal, nor did it allow all ships with trade relations with Israel to pass through.
The first of the two canal closures occurred during the Suez crisis from 1956 to 1957, after Israel attacked the Egyptian army and French and British troops occupied part of the canal area.
Suez Canal
The second closure was after the Israeli Arab War in June 1967. During and after the war, the canal became the battlefield of many battles between Egypt and Israel, and for several years became the front line of the hostile armies of the two countries.With the reopening of the canal in June 1975 and the signing of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979, all ships (including those registered in Israel) were able to enter the waterway again.
Egypt
The Suez Canal is of great value in the economic development of Egypt.According to statistics, about 18000 ships from more than 100 countries and regions in the world pass through the canal every year.70% of the oil exported from the Middle East to Western Europe is transported through the Suez Canal, and the goods transported through the Suez Canal each year account for 14% of the world's seaborne trade. Among the man-made canals suitable for sea transportation in the world, the Suez Canal ranks first in terms of the number of countries that use it, the number of passing ships, and the volume of freight.
The Suez Canal is the "lifeline" and "cash cow" of Egypt's economy.Passed vessel tolls have been closely related toOverseas remittanceTourism and oil have become the four pillars of Egypt's foreign exchange income.At present, the canal receives 2 million dollars of foreign exchange for the Egyptian government every day.When a ship crosses the canal, it pays tolls by tonnage, as well as fees for water diversion and navigation aids.In 1993, the canal's revenue reached 1.9 billion US dollars, and in 1994, its revenue exceeded 2 billion US dollars.
From October 1, 1981, the Suez Canal officially started to use the electronic control system, marking a new era of modern canal management. It not only improved the safety of shipping, but also doubled the canal's capacity.At present, there are more than 100 ships passing through the canal every day.
In order to meet the needs of the growing development of international shipping and earn more foreign exchange, the first phase of the Suez Canal Phase II expansion plan was started in 1994. This phase of the project widened the river surface of the canal from 265 meters to 415 meters, and deepened the draft to 23.8 meters, enabling 250000 ton oil tankers to pass smoothly.This project will cost US $1 billion, 75% of which will be borne by Egypt, 25% by JapanBelgiumUndertake.It can be expected that the completion of the second phase expansion project of the canal will play a greater role in international shipping and the development of Egypt's national economy.
In order to facilitate the traffic on both sides of the canal andSinai PeninsulaFor water supply, the Egyptian government built a 5912m longAhmad Hamdi Tunnel It is an important link between Asia and Africa.The bottom of the tunnel is laid with water pipesthe NileThe water is transported to the arid Sinai Peninsula to irrigate 14000 hectares of land. The road in the tunnel is 7.5 meters wide and can pass 2000 cars per hour.[3]
economic performance
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social results
More than 100 years ago, Marx called the Suez Canal "the great waterway of the East".After the completion of the Suez Canal, the voyage from Asian ports to Europe has been greatly shortened, which can shorten more than 8000-10000 kilometers.It connects the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez Canal, and is an international shipping channel of great economic and strategic significance.
This canal allows north-south two-way water transport between Europe and Asia, without having to bypass the Storm Horn at the southern end of Africa（Cape of Good Hope）, greatly saving the voyage.From London, England or FranceMarseille To IndiaMumbai A voyage through the Suez Canal can shorten the whole voyage by 43% and 56% respectively compared with that around the Cape of Good Hope.Saudi ArabiaJeddah The distance around the Cape of Good Hope is 11771 miles from Konstanza Port on the Black Sea, while the distance through Suez Canal is only 1698 miles, saving 86% of the distance.Before the Suez Canal was opened, people sometimes transported between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea by unloading goods from ships and transporting them by land.Compared with bypassing the Cape of Good Hope in Africa;Through from the lowest partIsthmus of Suez, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.Along the way, the dried up lakes and depressions such as the big and small bitter lakes are used as navigation channels.161 kilometers from Port Said to Port Taufikmediterranean sea、Crimson SeaThe total length of the river reach is 173 kilometers.The river is 160-200 meters wide, and the river bottom is 60-100 meters wide. Seagoing ships with a draft of 11.6 meters, a full load of 65000 tons or an empty load of 150000 tons can be used.The average passing time is 15 hours.
After the canal was opened to navigation, the voyage from Western Europe to the Indian Ocean was 5500-8000 kilometers shorter than that bypassing the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.The canal is located at the junction of Europe, Asia and Africa, and has an important strategic position.The number of ships passing through and their freight volume rank first in all international canals, and oil to the north and metal and its products to the south are the most important.After the first phase of the project was completed in 1980, the river was widened to 365 meters, allowing two-way passage of 16 meter draft, 150000 ton full load or 350000 ton empty load seagoing ships.
The main goods transported to the north arecrude oilAnd petroleum products, coal, ores and metals, processed metals, wood, oilseeds and oilseed cakes, and grains.The goods transported to the south includecement, fertilizer, metal timber and grain.
Suez Canal
7% of the world seaborne trade volume passes through the Suez Canal, of which 35% isCrimson SeaandPersian GulfCoastal ports, 20% are Indian and Southeast Asian ports, 39% arefar eastRegion.[3]
Revenue for the financial year
On July 4, 2022, Egypt's Suez Canal Authority announced that in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, the total revenue of the Suez Canal "toll" reached $7 billion, breaking the annual revenue record.During the 2021-2022 fiscal year, the revenue of Suez Canal increased by 20.7% compared with the previous fiscal year, which was the fifth consecutive year.The increase in annual income is due to the increase in the number of ships and goods passing through the canal.Suez Canal revenue is one of the main sources of Egypt's national fiscal revenue and foreign exchange reserves.The Suez Canal Authority has raised the ship tolls twice in 2022.[22]
On September 17, 2022, Egypt's Suez Canal Authority issued a statement saying that it would raise the ship tolls of the Suez Canal in January 2023.[23]
On December 22, 2022, the director of the Suez Canal Authority, Rabieh, said that in 2022, the number of ships passing through the Suez Canal is expected to exceed 23000, and the volume of goods passing through will exceed 1.4 billion tons.At the same time, the revenue of Suez Canal will also set a new record, reaching about 8 billion US dollars.[24]
On October 17, 2023, the Suez Canal Authority announced that from January 15, 2024, the transit fees for crude oil ships, liquefied petroleum gas ships, liquefied natural gas ships, chemical ships and other liquid bulk carriers will rise to 15%;The cost of dry bulk carriers, cargo ships, ro ro ships and other ships will increase by 5%;Container ships sailing directly from the "Northwest Europe" port and directly to the "Far East" port are exempt from the increase in fees.[26]
On March 12, 2024 local time, the Suez Canal Authority announced that it had decided to levy an additional fee of US $5000 on vessels that refused or could not accept mooring services from May 1.The Suez Canal Authority also announced a new charging standard for mooring and lighting services. According to the new regulations, each passing vessel will be charged a fixed mooring and lighting service fee with a total amount of 3500 dollars.If the passing vessel requires to provide lighting services or the lighting does not comply with the navigation regulations, the lighting service rate in the preceding item will be increased by 1000 dollars, totaling 4500 dollars, including mooring and lighting services.[27]
New Suez Canal
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Commencement
On August 5, 2014, the Egyptian government announced in a high profile that a new 72km long canal would be built on the east side of the Suez Canal to expand the navigation capacity and stimulate the national economic recovery.[4]
The Suez Canal Authority of Egypt said that the new canal project will build a new river channel of 35 kilometers separately, and the remaining 37 kilometers will be realized by widening the old canal and connecting with the new river channel.This huge project is expected to cost US $4 billion.Mamish also said that in order to ensure Egypt's absolute control over the new canal, this project will not introduce foreign capital.[4]
As the first large-scale project launched after he took office, President Abdel Fattah al Sisi was full of confidence in the construction of the new canal, claiming that the construction of a new 35km river channel could be completed by the middle of 2015, which was significantly shorter than the three-year construction period announced by the Egyptian government.[4]
Located in Egypt, the Suez Canal starts from Port Said in the north and ends at Suez City in the south. It is an important international shipping channel connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea and connecting Europe, Asia and Africa. It has important strategic and economic values.The Suez Canal was built by the French in 1859 and officially opened on November 17, 1869, 150 years ago.In August 2015, Egypt completed the New Suez Canal project, including 35 kilometers of newly excavated rivers and 37 kilometers of widening and deepening of the original rivers.The opening of the New Suez Canal has greatly increased the canal capacity.[5]
operate
Muhab Mamish, Chairman of Egypt's Suez Canal Authority (July 2015) announced on 13 that the 72 km long New Suez Canal would be officially opened on August 6 (2015).[1]
He said that 85% of the excavation and desilting of the new canal had been completed and would be completed by July 15 (2015).After the new canal is opened, the time for ships to pass through the canal is expected to be reduced from 22 hours to 11 hours.[1]
It is reported that the construction of the New Suez Canal in Egypt was commenced in August 2014, including 35 kilometers of newly excavated river channels and 37 kilometers of widening and deepening of the original river channels.[1]
The Suez Canal is one of the most important shipping routes in the world and one of Egypt's main sources of foreign exchange, generating an average annual income of more than 5 billion dollars for Egypt.After the opening of the new canal, the annual revenue of the Egyptian canal is expected to reach about 15 billion dollars in 2023.[1]
In addition, the Egyptian government also plans to build the "Suez Canal Corridor Economic Belt" along the Suez Canal in the future, including the construction of roads, airports, ports and other infrastructure, as well as a number of high-tech projects. It is estimated that after the completion of the economic belt, it will create an annual income of up to 100 billion dollars for Egypt, accounting for about one-third of the country's total economy.[1]
On January 2, 2022, Rabiya, President of Egypt Suez Canal Authority, said that the canal revenue in 2021 would reach 6.3 billion US dollars, a record high.[19]
On June 14, 2022 (local time), the Suez Canal Authority of Egypt issued a statement announcing the reduction or exemption of tolls incurred by some ships passing through the canal.[21]
Major events
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15 freighters stranded together for 8 years
In June 1967, Israel pushed the front to the east bank of the Suez Canal.In order to prevent the Israeli army from crossing and using the canal, Egypt blew up the bridges on the canal, sank ships and laid mines on the waterway.Even so, Egypt still failed to withstand the Israeli offensive, but it forced 15 commercial ships that were sailing normally in the canal to anchor.These freighters carry all kinds of goods, including wheat, eggs, fruits, and even Australian pigs.The crew could only get together to wait for the end of the war, but after the war, the two sides of the Suez Canal remained tense.By 1975, with the efforts of the international community, the Suez Canal, which had been closed for eight years, was finally unblocked and reopened.These 15 freighters can finally set sail again, but at this time, most of the freighters have lost power and can only rely on tugboats to pull them out of the canal.[7]
Container ship Al Muraykh grounded
On November 26, 2020, the ultra large container ship Al Muraykh belonging to the shipping company Heberot ran aground on the Suez Canal, blocking other southbound ships for more than 5 hours.[7]
The stranding of the super large container ship "Ever Given" caused the two-way traffic jam of the canal
"Changci" is stranded and stuck in Suez Canal
On March 24, 2021, Taiwan's China Times News Network and other Taiwan media reported that EverGive, a super large container ship of Taiwan Evergreen Shipping, was stuck in the Suez Canal on the way from Yantian, Shenzhen, China, to Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on March 23, resulting in a two-way traffic jam on this one of the busiest canals in the world。[6]On March 25 local time, Egypt's Suez Canal Authority said that it had temporarily suspended the traffic on the Suez Canal.[8]
Sal Mercogliano, an American maritime historian, said, "This is the largest ship ever stranded on the Suez Canal", which is rare and may "have a huge impact on global trade".[7]
"Changci" is stranded and stuck in Suez Canal
On March 26, 2021, the President of Suez Canal Authority Osama Rabi issued a statement, saying that the sediment around the bow has been cleaned up, and nine tugs have been used to try to tow the cargo ship, trying to desalinate it.In addition, the Suez Canal Authority has invited a Dutch maritime rescue company to participate in the rescue. Two high-power tugs dispatched by the company are expected to arrive at the site on the 28th.[9]
On March 26, CNN quoted two Pentagon officials as saying that after the Egyptian government accepted the US proposal, the US Navy in the Middle East would send an expert assessment team to the Suez Canal to provide advice to the canal management agencies.Egypt's Suez Canal Authority (SCA) thanked the United States for the above statement. In a statement on the 26th, the agency said, "We value the assistance of the United States."
On March 27, the Ever Given was trapped for the fifth day.The Independent, citing Lloyd's List Intelligence, reported that 248 ships had been blocked on the Suez Canal.[10]
On March 29 local time, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al Sisi announced on the social platform that the country had ended the crisis caused by the stranded cargo ship Changci on the Suez Canal.[11]On the evening of March 29, according to a source from the Suez Canal Authority, the Changci once again blocked the Suez Canal.[12]On March 29, local time, the 220000 ton ship "Ever Given" was stranded for nearly 6 days, and resumed navigation under the tow of a tugboat.[14]
Global trade faces huge losses
The Suez Canal, which connects the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, is an important international shipping channel connecting Europe, Asia and Africa.The "Changci" was stranded for 6 days, which means huge losses for canal management departments, ships waiting for navigation, retailers waiting for goods, etc.:
The Suez Canal was "blocked", and the toll loss of the Egyptian government reached 12 million to 14 million dollars every day.
For the giant oil tankers parked at the entrance of Suez Canal waiting for customs clearance, each ship needs to pay a parking fee of 30000 to 80000 dollars per day.
At least 20 of the ships stranded on the sea are full of livestock, and thousands of cattle and sheep are on board.If the feed is exhausted and the ship is unable to dock, these animals are likely to face hunger, dehydration, injury and disease.
After the "Changci" was successfully rescued, the party responsible for the accident needs to pay the rescue fee to the Dutch Smit Salvage Company responsible for the rescue, which is estimated to be as high as tens of millions of dollars.
When the Suez Canal was blocked, dozens of ships chose alternative routes to bypass the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.Compared with the Suez Canal, the alternative route will take about 2 weeks more time and pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in additional fuel and other costs.
The latest research of Allianz, a German insurance company, shows that the blockade of the Suez Canal caused by grounding may cause a daily loss of $6 billion to $10 billion in global trade.
The end of congestion may lead to a long "claim drama"
A large number of insurance claims arising from transportation delays put pressure on financial institutions engaged in marine insurance, which may then lead to turbulence in the reinsurance field.From the rescue cost to the cost of goods delay, who will pay for the huge losses caused by the Suez Canal's "ship blockage"?"Changci" operator Evergreen Marine, Taiwan, China: compensation is the shipowner's responsibility;The owner of "Nagasaki", Japan Zhengrong Steamboat Co., Ltd.: take part of the responsibility;Suez Canal Authority: waiting for the investigation result, no claim for compensation;
The American media said that a big game of shifting responsibility would be staged: the owners of the cargo on the "Changci" and other ships would seek compensation from their respective insurance companies, which would claim compensation from the owner of the "Changci", Japan Zhengrong Steamship Company, while the owner would seek protection from its insurance company.[14]
Italian tanker has technical failure in Suez Canal
On April 6, 2021, the Italian oil tanker Rumford stopped at 133 km of the Suez Canal due to "technical failure" when sailing from Hungary to the Suez Canal.It is reported that the failure of the ship in the middle of the Suez Canal "did not affect its navigation", and a tugboat will transport it to the Great Bitter Lake for troubleshooting.[15]
social influence
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December 30, 2021,Canal blockage exposes the fragility of the world economy(A cargo ship ran aground on the Suez Canal in Egypt and blocked the channel, once blocking about 12% of global trade circulation) was selected as one of the top ten international news stories in 2021 by Xinhua News Agency.[18]
