Flower path

Traditional flower arrangement art originated in China

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Flower path（ ikebana ）, also known as Ikebana , Japanese flower arrangement, Japan conventional Flower arrangement art It is a living plant Floral wood ’The art of plastic arts.

Japanese Flower Path Originally from China Sui Dynasty Buddha Hall Flower offering After being introduced to Japan, various schools came into being and became an important part of cultivating body and mind.

Flower path can also be called flower arrangement art in China; Flower arrangement (art) or flower art refers to the method and technology of appropriately cutting branches, leaves and flowers of trees, flowers and plants and artistically inserting them into vases and other flower vessels.

Through flower arrangement, we can feel the changes of nature and life, and improve our own aesthetics while creating beautiful works and appreciation. This kind of learning lifestyle, which takes flower arrangement as a means and aims to improve spiritual world cultivation, is called the flower path.

Chinese name: Flower path
Foreign name: Raw flower

Pinyin: huā dào
Properties: Sino-Japanese traditional culture one of
Phonetic transcription: いけばな（ikebana）

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Flower path

The so-called "flower path" refers to the method and technology of properly intercepting branches, leaves, flowers of trees, flowers and plants and inserting them into vases and other vases. In short, it is the art of flower arrangement.

And tea ceremony Dancing Path Similarly, the flower path in Japan is also affected by Chinese traditional culture And integrated Local culture development.

Japan is located in the temperate zone. Although the temperature of the southern and northern ends of the long and narrow territory is very different, the climate is warm and pleasant in general. The changes in the four seasons are very obvious twenty-four solar terms As time goes by, there are several representative flowers every month.

The origin of the flower path can be seen from both ornamental and religious aspects. According to the literature, there were records of cherry blossoms in the room in the Heian era. In the early period of the Muromachi era in the 14th century, there were records of flower fairs. The flower fair is an entertainment gathering where the ministers, nobles and monks are divided into two groups to set out their flower arrangements, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages, and compete. While appraising flowers, the rare flower utensils used are also the objects of public concern. This kind of flower fair gradually became an open exhibition in the 15th century, which can be said to be the embryonic form of the Japanese flower show.

On the other hand, with the introduction of Buddhism, the habit of "offering flowers" was also introduced. Kamakura period There are five utensils called“ Five sufficiency ”, referring to the censer, a pair of wax stands and a pair of vases. In the Muromachi era, there are three pieces, called“ Three sufficiency ", that is, incense burner, wax platform and vase. In ancient times, three flowers representing Buddhism and monks were placed in the middle of the vase, which became an indoor decoration and developed into" standing flowers ".

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With the passage of time, the flower path has produced various patterns. This style is generally called "flower shape". The Japanese flower path has "standing flowers", "raw flowers"“ Blossom Investment "and" free flower ", etc.

Erect flower

Flower path

To erect flowers means to erect flowers. It should show colorful flowers and trees on mountains and plains in the bottle. As mentioned above, it comes from the flowers offered by the gods and Buddhas, so the characteristics of standing flowers are grand, gorgeous and dignified. It stands on one branch branch As the center, a large vase of flowers is formed by matching various flower branches on the fixed positions around its lower part. Each branch has slightly different names according to different schools. Now“ Ikenob For example, the upright branch in the middle of the bottle is called "Zhen", also called "Xin", which is the main body of a bottle of flowers. The branch that extends from the lower left to the upper left is "Vice", which means to help "Zhen". The lower one on the right is called "Please", also called "Shou", which protects the balance. The branch behind the "Please" is called "See Yue", which makes the bottle of flowers have Stereoscopic feeling 。 At the bottom of the "Please", there is one branch on the left and one on the right, called "Flow" and "Control Branch" respectively, to keep the vase stable. In addition, along Centerline There are also some small flowers called "Zhengzhen", "Carcass" and "Qianfeng", which increase Sense of weight And stereoscopic effect. At first, the main branches, such as "true", "vice" and "please", used certain materials; For example, "true" uses pine, plum or cypress branches. We are no longer restricted to these traditional flower materials. For example, to celebrate the New Year or the wedding, traditional pine branch For "true", but to celebrate the girls' festival------- Peach Blossom Festival Then use white peach flower True. In commemoration of Mother's Day, even with the musk of "foreign flowers" dianthus True.

The standing flower structure is relatively complex. Generally, it is composed of several or even more than ten kinds of flowers, but recently we can see standing flowers made of one kind of flowers with different colors. as Chrysanthemum The blooming cultural festival (November 3) uses chrysanthemums of various colors, Yulan Bon Festival (July 15) Lotus leaf 、 Lotus 、 seedpod of the lotus And so on. In addition, the standing flowers of small bottles are also common. A small vase of standing flowers is more novel.

The colorful and luxurious standing flowers were once Tea ceremony Of teahouse Decoration in. However, the tea ceremony has gradually evolved into a simple form, and the standing flowers do not match the simple tea house. 15、 In the sixth century Murata Pearl 、 Wuyo Shaoou Qianlixiu Wait for the master of tea ceremony to create Bougainvillea It is a simple way to put it into flower vessel. It is called "camellia". They think The flowers The quality of the land mainly depends on the spirit of the flower arrangers rather than the precious flower materials and utensils. It advocates that the flower materials and utensils should be simple and plain. People in China are familiar with Japanese film In "Princess Yin", we saw that Qian Lixiu took flowers created with bamboo knots and gave them to Fengchen Xiuji See the scene. stay bamboo tube Insert one in the middle iris laevigata , or insert one in the flask Chrysanthemum Etc. have Representativeness The free and simple insertion of "camellia" was absorbed by the later "raw flowers".

ikebana

Flower path

Edo Dashuyuan, a famous disciple of Shidai Chi Fang and one of the famous flower erectors, believed that the flower erectors created by Shidai Chi Fang were regarded as heresy by the then formalized Chi Fang Li Hua and left Kyoto to Edo. He was not satisfied with the gradually formalized standing of flowers, and created the pattern of simply putting flowers into the bottle, called "raw flowers". From then on, he opened flowers and divided them into many schools. There are two characteristics of flower production: first, the water surface of the flower utensil symbolizes the earth or the water surface of the pond. In order to indicate the growth of plants, only one branch can be seen at the part seven or eight centimeters above the water surface of the flower utensil. It looks like a plant growing from the ground. Secondly, the three main branches triangle 。 In addition, the sun shines from the top right or left as expected. So from the perspective of the viewer, it seems that you can see the side of the plant, that is, the sunny side and the shady side of the flower.

The three main branches of flowers vary from school to school. For example, "Chi Fang Liu" is called "true, vice, physical, practical and reserved". There are also those called "heaven, earth, man" or "heaven, earth" or "order, broken, urgent", although different, the whole flower shape has three kinds of flower materials. A variety of flowers and materials are also available in special cases.

Blossom and input

"Sheng Hua" is named after the appearance of a flower, which is like holding many flowers on a plate. "Throw" means to put a flower branch into a tall and thin bottle (the flower branch stands upright against the mouth of the bottle).

Meiji Restoration Later, a large number of colorful foreign flowers were imported into Japan. The flower world is not satisfied with the old forms of flower production. Start to look for new styles with foreign flowers. Xiaoyuan Yunxin, who was once a Chi Fang Liu, was inspired by the bonsai and used foreign flowers. In the dish shaped flower utensil - "water pan", a novel pattern of "holding flowers" is inserted. At first, it was called Guofeng Shenghua, and later it was called "Vase Flower", which laid the foundation of the small primitive. Concurrent with him Anda Since then, the pattern of flowers filled with flowers has become very popular and become harmonious Floral phase Compete. "Sheng Hua" and "Tuan Tou" have no difference in technique, except that the former uses dish shaped wide mouthed flower vessels, while "Tuan Tou" uses slender and high shaped flower vessels. They are initially composed of three main branches. The three branches are called "main, auxiliary and guest", but with the development of the times, they have become nameless. In fact, the holding of flowers and investment can no longer be completely separated. In a flower vessel, some flowers stand, some flowers stand, and some flowers look like holding flowers, so the name of free flowers came into being.

Free flower

Zihua, also known as "avant-garde flower", is a modern flower shape derived from the above "flower filling input", so Zihua can also be said to be a modern "flower filling input". Free flowers do not have various restrictions on flower materials such as flower setting and flower production. As long as each school conforms to the basic type of the school, it can freely and boldly innovate. Its characteristics are not only color standard and nature standard, but also pay attention to modeling. It is a modern flower shape combined with the three.

In shape, it can be straight, oblique or vertical. Suspended in front of eaves or ceiling "Hanging flower" on the wall or column“ Hanging flowers "All of them belong to free flowers. Free flowers not only have a variety of flowers, but also have introduced artificial materials, such as gold and silver paper twist or metal objects in the flowers. Sometimes they also artificially decolor certain flowers.

It has been centuries since the birth of the flower path. In the Muromachi era, Li Hua was completely monopolized by Chi Fang. Since the Edo era, there have been 3000 schools, but the largest school is still Ikenob And the number of employees is the largest. According to statistics, it has exceeded one million. The second is the small primary flow and the "grass month flow" of 500000 to 600000 respectively.

Founders and heirs of various schools are called "Jiayuan", and the highest professor under "Jiayuan" calls "normal school" composed of "normal school" Central organ 。 Take Chi Fang as an example, Chi Fang Zhuan will always be the "Family Yuan" of the 45th generation. In addition to research institutions Short term university , committed to the modernization of the flower path.

With the progress of the times, the Japanese people's environment There has been a great change in the sense of beauty. But the essence of the flower path of pursuing infinite nature through the flower path has not changed. With the development of science and horticultural technology, the flower path is advancing while maintaining its own tradition and adapting to the requirements of the times.

Japanese Huadao School

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Since the development of the flower path, there have been two or three thousand schools according to the Japanese's own preferences, appreciation angles, and different seasons of flowers and plants.

Chi Fang Standing Flowers

“ Ikenob Li Hua is Japanese Flower Path The oldest sect in the world, with about 1 million disciples. Chi Fang has become a synonym for Japanese Huadao.

The history of Chi Fang is the history of flower arrangement.

Ikenob flower arrangement With a long history of more than 500 years, it is the origin of the Japanese flower path and the oldest flower path in Japan. Its origin can be traced back to the Buddhist flower arrangement in the Sui Dynasty, namely“ Flower offering ”。

Created by Muromachi period In the middle period, Chifang celebrates. Chifang is located in the hexagonal hall of Kyoto Monk's room Name, because Zhuangqing is a monk here, it is called "Chifang Zhuangqing". At that time, citizens often gathered around Zhuanqing to watch its flower arrangement. Zhuanqing also often went to the Wu Family's residence to perform flower art for them.

Unripe flow

The Weisheng School was founded by Weisheng Zhai Yifu at the end of Edo.

confucian The trinity of "heaven, earth and man" is the principle of flower arrangement.

Weishengliu calls flower arrangement "grid flower" to symbolize "round sky, place", right angle an isosceles triangle Is its basic flower shape.

When arranging flowers, it is equipped with high, medium and low branches named "body", "stay" and "use", which are called "three talents".

Small primordial flow

Small primordial flow It was founded by Xiao Yuan Yunxin at the end of the 19th century.

Xiao Yuan Yunxin studied in Chi Fang before, but later found that the flower arrangement center of Chi Fang was too high, so he created the flower arrangement technique with the center of gravity moving down.

Life aesthetics flower arrangement education

Advocate "naturalism" to reproduce natural beauty It is characterized by displaying plant properties, with a sense of the times and fresh style.

Xiaoyuan Guangyun, the son of Xiaoyuan Yunxin, changed the one-on-one teaching method of predecessors, adopted collective recruitment and collective teaching, which had an epoch-making impact.

In the fourth generation of Xiaoyuanliu, a new form appeared, called "flower" Ingenious craftsmanship ”。 It uses Floral wood Few and highly respect the individuality of flowers and materials, suitable for living space Application in. It is a popular form of flower arrangement.

Xiao Yuanliu regards flower arrangement as a way of understanding life and nature, and flower arrangers need to have a sense of the reason for the prosperity and decline of all things, and the reason for the alternation of heaven and earth.

Grass Moon Flow

It is a new school founded in 1927 by Hushi Heyuan Cangfeng. In 1928, Cang Feng held the first Grass Moon Flowing Exhibition in Ginza Thousand Commodities House. Its "light and fashionable" style attracted people's attention. After the war, Grass Moon Flowing became one of the most influential flower schools in Japan. Cang Feng himself went there many times Europe and America The country performed the flower show and was highly praised.

In November 2004, Chi Shihe Yuanxi, the fourth generation leader of Caoyueliu, performed the school's Flower arrangement art 。 The reporter commented that "the flower arrangement works of Caoyue School embody the spirit of freedom in form, embellish the whole space very beautiful and bright" Indeed, Caoyue Flow is the "revolutionary school" and“ modern ”They advocated the free and bold use of flower utensils and processing of flower materials. Wire, plastic, glass, plaster, etc. are commonly used flower arrangements Auxiliary materials 。

On March 11, 2007, the "Chuangliu Festival" for the 80th anniversary of Caoyueliu Chuangliu was held in Tokyo“ National Technology Museum of the two countries ”Hold.

Pine wind current

It was founded in Tokyo in 1916 by Akawa Rushui. In 1977, it was renamed as Songfeng Flower Path Association. The flower arrangement concept of Songfeng Flower Fairy includes classical, modern, abstract, static, dynamic and other diversified creation patterns, belonging to a school suitable for young and old people.

Basic spirit

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The basic spirit of various schools of Huadao is the harmonious unity of "heaven, earth and people", which is unique to the East Natural concept And philosophy.

FLOWER Taoist school Not only think that flowers are beautiful, but also think that flowers reflect the passage of time and people's inner feelings. What the flower path presents is a beautiful thing, but also a way of expression and cultivation.

This requires a spirit of dedication: just like Nature selflessly dedicated beautiful flowers and trees to mankind.

It is a kind of state to achieve the integration of human and flower, which requires training to make your heart calm like a mirror.

Praising nature, etiquette, virtue and inner clarity are all flowers Meaning of the title 。 What it wants to pursue is the artistic conception of "tranquility, elegance, beauty, truth and harmony".

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