Art exhibition is the product of social and cultural development to a certain stage. It is a special way of communication between artists and the public.The works of art are presented through exhibitions for public reading and appreciation. They are collected by collectors and commented by art critics, and gradually form an art exhibition system integrating art creation, art communication, art marketing and art appreciation.In the formation process of this system, the planning of art exhibition plays a pivotal role.A successful exhibition planning can not only provide a smooth communication platform for art exhibitions, but also bring unimaginable value.In addition, the successful holding of art exhibitions will also promote regional development to a certain extent.[1]
The concept of art exhibition comes from the West.In ancient and medieval times, Western artists were craftsmen, and their works were mainly customized by churches or princes and nobles, and sold in the market as daily craft products.Even in the Renaissance, the status of artists has been greatly improved, but there has not yet been an art exhibition in the modern sense.
The official art exhibition began with the Salon held in France in 1667, when the French kingLouis XIVThe first exhibition of the works of academicians of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture was held at the Apollo Salon (Apollo Hall) in the Louvre in Paris. Salon became a synonym for art exhibitions and artists' gatherings.
1787 Salon Exhibition in Louvre
Since 1737, France has held a salon every year, mainly to serve the royal art policy. On the one hand, let the public know the works of local artists to resist the popularity of Italian fashion;On the other hand, through the works of members of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, the public's interest in art appreciation is publicized and controlled, and the monopoly position of the official art institutions is strengthened.Since 1748, a review system for selected works has been established.
Although there are a large number of works in the exhibition, a large number of works are still lost each time.In order to take care of the mood of the losers, a salon exhibition was held,napoleon iii After seeing it with the queen, she was very angry, so she lost the election to hold the Salon Exhibition once and ended it.
European countries have followed France to hold art exhibitions.The official Italian art exhibition is held once a year outside San Roche Church in Venice;The official art exhibition in England began in 1760 and was organized by the Fine Arts Association.
Occasionally, individual artists from all over the country hold small exhibitions in their own studios.It became common in the 19th century for some artists to organize art exhibitions by individuals or small groups because they were excluded from official exhibitions.
During the 1855 Paris World Exposition,CourbetThe studio andFuneral of OrnanAfter the two works were sent to the national exhibition, he put up a wooden shed next to the official exhibition and held a challenging personal exhibition. The sign of the population read "Realism, Courbet, his 40 works exhibition".This exhibition was criticized at that time, but it became a declaration of realism.
In 1866,ManetOfTeenagers Playing FluteIt was rejected by the jury of the official salon exhibition.More than 100 years later, the painting is worth 800 million yuan.
1874, includingMonet、Manet、Renoir 、Degas、SisleyA group of young painters, including, formed an "independent salon". In April, an exhibition of unknown artists, such as painters, sculptors and printmakers, was held in an apartment on Carpusin Street in Paris. Impression painting school got its name from Monet's work Sunrise Impression.Later, the Fauvism launched the "Autumn Salon".
In 1895,Venice BiennaleAppear to exhibit art works from all over the world.This kind of biennial exhibition named after the city was later imitated by many countries until today.So far, there have been more than 200 biennales in the world, most of which are named after cities, art varieties or art galleries.[2]
History of Chinese Art Exhibition
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The ancient Chinese artists exchanged their works in a private way. They were good at three or five things. The exhibition volume was very small.More open and group communication activities are called "Yaji".Although the number of participants was slightly larger, it was still an activity within the circle, which could not be compared with the public exhibitions in modern times.
Chinese art exhibition is nearly a century later than that in the West.In 1910, the Qing government held a“Nanyang Industry Promotion Association”Chinese calligraphy, painting, embroidery and other works were on display.The modern art exhibition, which was born out of the exposition, was stained with commercial color from the very beginning. It was publicly displayed and sold directly, more with the nature of the exposition.
After the May 4th Movement, with the introduction of Western culture, exhibitions first emerged as a means of spreading Western paintings.In 1919, the Suzhou "Fine Arts Painting Competition", with the purpose of "advocating traditional Chinese art, encouraging each other, just browsing without judging", used the old imperial palace of Suzhou as the venue to display various paintings and handicrafts, creating the first "art exhibition" in the history of modern Chinese art.In October of the same year, ShanghaiTianma ClubAn exhibition was held at the Jiangsu Provincial Education Conference, where more than 200 pieces of works were exhibited.
In 1919, the first Suzhou Art Painting Competition solicited paintings
Around 1928, art exhibitions reached their peak, with community exhibitions, college exhibitions, individual exhibitions, large-scale art exhibitions and art exhibitions going to the West emerging one after another. At the same time, commercial galleries, art halls and other institutions specialized in undertaking art exhibitions emerged.Among them, the "National Art Exhibition" sponsored by the Ministry of Education of the National Government is the most influential.
Before 1937, the Ministry of Education of the National Government had held two national art exhibitions. The first national art exhibition opened on April 10, 1924, and was located in Shanghai New Education Hall.There are works of calligraphy, painting, sculpture, architecture, arts and crafts at all times and in all over the world on display.The second national art exhibition was held in April 1937, and was located in the newly built art exhibition hall in Nanjing (today's Jiangsu Provincial Art Museum). The exhibits are divided into books, engraving, arts and crafts, architectural patterns and models, sculptures, western paintings, contemporary paintings, calligraphy and paintings of previous dynasties, photography, etc., with a total of 1913 pieces and an audience of more than 60000 people.
In the early 1930s, Chinese foreign art exhibitions also began to appear, and the three exhibitions held in Europe had a great impact: first, in May 1933, fromartist renowned for creative development of both Chinese and Western painting techniquesHosted the Chinese Art Exhibition held in Paris, France;The second is the exhibition of Chinese modern painting hosted by Liu Haisu at the Prussian Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin, Germany, in January 1934;Third, the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, hosted by the Ministry of Education in London, England, in 1936, was the largest art exhibition in modern China held abroad.
After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War in 1937, there appeared some works and exhibitions with the theme of the Anti Japanese War.
In the autumn of 1944,Ye Qianyu、Zhang GuangyuAnd other 8 cartoonists held a cartoon exhibition in Chongqing.
In 1946, the eight year wood carving exhibition of the Anti Japanese War was held in Shanghai.
In 1949, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the first national art exhibition was held in Peiping Art College.It was interrupted after the "Cultural Revolution" and resumed in 1979. It was jointly organized by the Ministry of Culture and the Artists Association every five years.
In 1979, the "Star Painting Exhibition" became the beginning of Chinese contemporary art.
1985-1989 is an important period for the development of Chinese contemporary art.
In 1993, Chinese contemporary artists participated in the 43rd Venice Biennale for the first time in the name of contemporary art.Since the 1990s, a group of critics have successively planned and launched some influential Chinese contemporary art exhibitions, creating a new situation for the exploration of Chinese contemporary art.[3]
Types of art exhibitions
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There are different kinds of art exhibitions, especially between commercial exhibitions and non-commercial exhibitions.
Commercial exhibitions or trade fairs are often referred to as art fairs. Participants usually need to pay fees to display the works of artists or art dealers.
Exhibitions in gallery space generally charge artists space use fees, including individual exhibitions and group exhibitions.
Temporary exhibitions in museums usually display their own collections in specific periods and themes, supplemented by other collections (mainly collections in other museums).Temporary exhibitions are different from permanent exhibitions in museums. Most large museums have reserved space for temporary exhibitions.
Biennale is a large-scale exhibition held every two years, usually aiming to collect the essence of international art.
A travelling exhibition is an exhibition that is viewed in many places (sometimes around the world).
In the selection exhibition, individuals (or groups) act as the judges of submitted works of art and select the works to be displayed.If awards are to be presented, the judges or panel of judges will also select the winners.
Invited exhibitions, such as the Whitney Biennale, require some artists to provide works of art and exhibit them.
Process of art exhibition
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The exhibition implementation process refers to a series of procedures from exhibition application to move out, usually including seven procedures: exhibition application, qualification review, agreement signing, information preparation, exhibition layout, exhibition opening and move out.[4]
Polly McKenna Cress, an American scholar, summarized the exhibition process as follows: open design;Construction drawing design;Bidding, production and exhibition arrangement;Four procedures: opening, post opening, modification and filing[5], as shown below:
