Chromosphere

[sè qiú]

term in astronomy

Chromosphere is sunlight etc. Stellar atmosphere The first floor of photosphere Outside the layer. Usually, because Earth's atmosphere The molecules and dust particles in the solar radiation To form "blue sky", color ball and Corona Completely submerged in the blue sky, Total solar eclipse It is visible for a short time.

Chinese name: Chromosphere
Foreign name: Chromosphere
Classification: A layer of stellar atmosphere
Discoverer: Rocky and Frankland
Discovery time: 1869
surface temperature: 4300 ℃

Time of occurrence: The total solar eclipse will bring light after eating (see solar eclipse)
physical property: Magnetically charged Plasma layer
Layer position: Surround photosphere Outside the layer, the middle layer of the atmosphere
Thickness: 2000 km
Temperature: 4600K~tens of thousands of degrees from inside to outside
Salient feature: Needle
Layer density: Thinner than photosphere

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Chromosphere (1 sheet)

The chromosphere can only be used Total solar eclipse Of Eating both To Shengguang (see solar eclipse ）Within a short time of, Observer Only then can we see the beautiful rose glow around the round surface of the sun with the naked eye. It was discovered by early observers of the total solar eclipse in 1869 Frankland Name first. Red is due to Chromospheric spectrum Hydrogen line H with medium wavelength of 6562.8 A α In brightness absolute advantage Because of. People are used to thinking that the temperature of the outer layer of a celestial body is always lower than that of the interior. However, there is an abnormal distribution of temperature in the solar atmosphere. In the chromospheric layer with a thickness of about 2000km, the temperature changes from photosphere The 4600K at the top increases to tens of thousands of degrees at the top of the chromosphere, while other physical parameters (such as density Ionization degree Etc.) and some physical process Great changes have also taken place. Therefore, the research on the physical condition of chromosphere has caused Solar physics Scholars pay great attention.^[1]

physical phenomenon

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Chromosphere

The chromosphere is a magnetic field Plasma Layer, at the local plasma kinetic energy density and Magnetic energy density Comparatively, the complex interaction between plasma and magnetic field can be observed frequently. Due to the instability of magnetic field solar flare Eruptions, as well as those associated with flares Eruptive prominence , surfing Blowout And many other dynamic phenomena. When the flare bursts, it also emits a large amount of Ultraviolet radiation And X-ray radiation and high-energy particle flow. These radiation pairs Solar terrestrial space And the earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, chromosphere Corona Plasma and variable magnetic field and shock wave The interaction between Radio radiation , for chromosphere and corona physical property And the study of explosive phenomena provide important information. Therefore, the study of chromosphere is not only related to solar physics, but also to Space physics and geophysical Are of great significance.

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The average thickness of chromosphere layer is 2000 kilometers. Density ratio photosphere The layer is thin. The temperature ranges from thousands to tens of thousands centigrade ； But the light emitted is only a few of the photosphere layer 1/1000 。 The chromosphere layer cannot be seen at ordinary times, only when Total solar eclipse At that time, a red light can be seen at the edge of the dark sun wheel, which lasts only a few seconds. This is the brilliance of the chromosphere.^[2]

photosphere The temperature at the top is 4300 ℃, while the temperature at the top of the chromosphere is tens of thousands of degrees. such Anomaly The exact cause has not yet been identified.

The most prominent feature on the chromosphere is Needle 。 They appear on the edge of the sun wheel, like some small flames , occasionally releasing bundles Pillar of fire 。 It only takes about 10 minutes for the needle to disappear.

Chromosphere during total solar eclipse

Total solar eclipse The sun is completely Moon The dark night suddenly came. Around the "black sun", there is a red halo, which is the chromosphere of the sun. The edge of the chromosphere layer looks very uniform, but high resolution observation will show that the chromosphere is not a smooth shell with many "needle like" projections. It is known through research that the chromosphere is composed of many thin tongues, and these tongues are rising chromospheric layers, which are compared to "burning grasslands". Astronomers describe the solar chromosphere as "a burning prairie", or "an ocean of fire", on which many small flames are constantly beating, and from time to time there are bundles of fire pillars rising high. These high fire pillars are called“ Prominence ”^[3]

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