Glossary of shade dye detection.The deviation degree between the color of the dye to be tested and the color of the standard dye under the condition that the dyeing depth is consistent.includeHue、Lightness、saturationDifferences in.
Chinese name
Chromatic light
Foreign name
coloured light
Nature
Terminology of dye testing
Deviation degree
There is no difference in color and light of two pieces of dye samples by visual inspection
Classification
Color light mixing can be divided into three types: additive mixing, subtractive mixing and neutral mixing.
(1) It is similar, and there is no difference in color light between the two dye samples by visual inspection.
(2) Slight, two pieces of dye samples are alternately left and right, and the color light seems to be different.
(3) Slightly, it is easy to distinguish two pieces of dye samples by visual inspection alternatelychromatic aberration。
(4) There was obvious difference between the two dye samples by visual evaluation.
(5) It is obvious that the two dye samples basically show two colors.
Basic color light
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Their colors are red, green and blue.These three kinds of colored light are not only the main colored light obtained after white light decomposition, but also the main component of mixed colored light, and can match the spectral response interval of human retinal cells, which is consistent with the visual physiological effect of the human eye.These three kinds of colored lights are mixed in different proportions, and almost all the colored lights in the nature can be obtained. The mixed color gamut is the largest;Moreover, the three colors are independent, and one of the primary colors cannot be mixed with the other primary colors. Therefore, we call red, green, and blue asPrimary color。In order to unify understanding, in 1931International Commission on Illumination(CIE) specifies the frequency of three primary colors fR=428.6THz,fG=549.3THz,fB=688.4THz。In the research of chromatics, white light is often regarded as a combination of red, green and blue primary colors in equal amounts for the purpose of qualitative analysis.
Color light mixing can be divided into three types: additive mixing, subtractive mixing and neutral mixing.
classification
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Additive mixing
It belongs to the mixing of light.The light radiated by the light source body can be combined to produce new colored light.For example, when there is no light in front of a lime wall, it is in the dark and cannot be seen by the eyes.The wall is red when it is only illuminated by red light, green when it is only illuminated by green light, and yellow when it is illuminated by red and green light at the same time. The color phase and purity of this yellow is between red and green, and its brightness is higher than red and higher than green, close to the sum of red and green brightness. Because the projection light becomes bright after mixing, it is called light adding mixing.
From the experiment of projection light mixing, we can know that:Vermilion, emerald green, indigo (purple blue) are the primary colors, which can be mixed with the primary colors, and can also be mixed with lemon yellow, blue-green, and bright purple.The interchromatic light mixed by one kind of primary color light and the other two kinds of primary color light is called complementary color light.For example, emerald and purple, yellow and indigo, and vermilion and cyan are all complementary colored lights, and the complementary colored lights can be mixed according to a certain proportion to get white light.
Dimming mixing
It refers to the mixing of pigments that cannot emit light but can absorb part of the light and reflect the remaining light.Different pigments have different abilities to absorb the frequency and brightness of colored light.The new pigments formed after mixing can generally enhance the light absorption ability and weaken the brightness of reflection.Under the condition of constant projection light, the reflective ability of the new color is lower than the average of the reflective ability of the color before mixing. Therefore, the brightness and purity of the new color are reduced, so it is called dimming mixing.
The three primary colors that are directly mixed by the dimming mixing color separation material and the overlapping color material of the transparent color material are magenta (rose red, excluding yellow red), lemon yellow and sky blue (also called green, absolutely excluding yellow and red, such as sky light blue, not general blue, ultramarine blue, nor phthalocyanine blue).Every two primary colors can be mixed according to different proportions and can be changed into several intermediate colors, among which orange, green and purple are typical intermediate colors.The purity of the light mixing room is often not high enough. In practice, the higher purity of the light mixing room produced by the orange chemical plant is often used instead of the light reducing mixing room.The new color mixed by the three primary colors is called complex color.A primary color is mixed with the intermediate color of the other two primary colors, which is also called polychrome.There are many kinds of polychrome, with low purity and unclear hue.The three primary colors can be turned into black or dark gray according to a certain proportion.A primary color and the opposite intermediate color can be mixed into black or dark gray according to the equal weight. These two colors are called pigment without complement.
Watercolor pigments and inksStained glassPaper, transparent color materials, plexiglass, etc., are called transparent color materials. Their superposition, like the direct mixing of color materials, can obtain a new sense of color.
As with the direct mixing of pigments, the three primary colors of magenta (rose), yellow (lemon yellow) and blue (sky blue) are overlapped, and the main three intermediate colors are orange, green and purple.The intermediate colors opposite to the primary colors are complementary colors.
Yellow and green overlap to produce medium green, yellow and magenta overlap to produce bright red, not orange.Blue and magenta overlap to form blue, which is much less bright than green and magenta.Once the magenta is changed to bright red, or the cyan color is slightly darker, the superposition will no longer weave blue, but become black.For example, if the blue and red are overlapped, the red is black.
The complementary colors are overlapped. When the brightness of the original color is high, it can overlap gray or contain gray;When the brightness of the original color is low, it can be folded into dark gray or black.
When overlapping, the color can be divided into paper.Generally speaking, the overlay color is greatly affected by the face color, for example, bright red and emerald green overlap to produce black.When bright red is the face color, black has a red smell;When emerald green is the face color, black tends to be green.The thicker the color layer of the face color, the lower the transparency, and the more obvious the tendency of this color.
When printing ink, from the point of view of the convenience of production and the effect of overprint, it is better to use the high brightness of the positive color as the background color rather than the face color.
If the costume designer can accurately and skillfully apply the ink color overlay, it can reduce the color use and printing times of the printed matter, resulting in rich colors, uniform color layers, strong gloss, convenient printing, and possible savings in printing costs.The problem is that it is difficult to predict the excellent effect of folding, which requires painstaking research. Once the prediction is wrong, the effect may be worse.
Neutral mixing
It refers to the mixed color that is neither improved nor reducedColor mixing。
Neutral mixing Main colored disc rotating mixing andSpatial visionMix.
Apply red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and other pigments on the disc in equal amount, and rotate it to make it light blue.holdMagenta, yellow and blue, or red and green, yellow and blue purple, orange and blue, etc., can be light gray as long as the proportion is appropriate.
On the color disk, red and yellow spin orange, blue and yellow spin green, and red and blue spin purple.
Standing on the railway, we could see the two tracks in front of us stretching into the distance and finally disappearing at a point on the horizon.If the two rails have their own colors, after a certain distance, the two colors will also form a new color after they are "integrated" with the rails.The unity of form is called body perspective reduction, and the unity of color is called colorSpatial visionMix.
Draw different colors on the paper in the form of dots, lines, nets, small pieces of surface, and you can see them from a distanceSpatial blendingNew colors come out.
If the primary color of the spatial mixing is the same as the primary color of the dimming, the mixed intermediate color, compound color, etc. are close to the intermediate color compound color of the color disk.The color mixed out of that space is active, has a flash sense, and is very different from the color mixed in the dimming.
In the space, there are both visible perspective reduction and colored space mixing, which is determined by the perception method of the eyes.
The impressionists followed this rule and created many stippling oil paintings.The colors of these pictures are very loud, and the sense of sunshine and air are well displayed.
Modern and modern dot printing uses the principle of color space mixing to mix extremely rich and realistic colors with the help of tiny primary color dots of different sizes and densities.
Decorative colors can also use the principle of space mixing to mix more colors with a small amount of colors, so as to enrich the design colors and enhance the strength of the works.The ancient mosaic is a precedent.
