Natural laws, also called natural laws, areMaterial movementInherent, essential and stable connection, as long as correspondingobjective conditionWith this rule, its function hasInvarianceOn the contrary, this law will become invalid, and all kinds of laws will not interfere with each other and will not be transferred by human will,Social lawThe same is true.
Natural law means that without human intervention,objective thingsThe internal inevitable connection of self movement, change and development is also called natural law
By《Modern Chinese Dictionary》The natural law refers to "the internal law of objective things existing in nature", that isMaterial movementAn inherent, essential, and stable connection.It is not transferred by human willobjectivity, cannot be changed, created or destroyed by others, and may be used.It can work without people's practical activities and does not directly involve the interests of the class.Modern natural scienceThere are generally two types of laws revealed, namelyMechanical determinismLaws and statistical laws.The laws of nature were fully explained in the first lesson of Unit 3, Volume 2, Grade 4.
Rule classification
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Human's understanding of the laws of nature has developed with the development of natural scienceIntuitivenessIn modern timesMechanistic theoryCharacteristics of.In modern times, human understanding of the laws of nature has not only overcome the one sidedness and isolation of ancient and modern times, but also been expanded and deepened.
The laws revealed by modern natural science can generally be divided into two categories:
① Mechanical determinism law
According to this law, the state of the material system at every moment is determined by the initial state and boundary conditions of the systemSingle valueIt was decided by the local government.By integrable differentialequationExpressiveDynamic lawIt is a typical expression of this law, and its solution is determined by the system'sinitial condition andboundary condition 。
② Statistical rules
This law is a system composed of a large number of elementsentiretyAnd any single element in the system still obeys the law of mechanical determinism.Statistical PhysicsThe equation isRegularityIts solution depends on the statistics of the corresponding dynamic quantities of each element of the system at the initial timeaverage value。
yesquantum mechanicsOfStatistical characteristicsThere are two different understandings.One thinks that the statistics of quantum mechanics is the behavior of quantum systemsMicroparticleThere is no random behavior.Most physicists hold another understanding that despite thequantum stateProvides an objectiveObservable measurementIn principle, it is impossible to make a single value prediction for the behavior of each micro object, but only to say the probability of each possible behavior.quantum mechanicsThe statistics of single particle in the same instrumentInteractionAs shown in.Now it is found that complexMechanical systemOfdifferential equation Most of them are non integrable, and these equations themselves have "intrinsicRandomness”That is, the behavior of the system it describes cannot be determined by the initial condition.Therefore, some people believe that this is an internal randomness law different from the laws of mechanical determinism and statistics.
Economic law is subordinate to natural law
Marx said: "The laws of nature cannot be canceled at all. What can change under different historical conditions is the form by which these laws are realized." From the original point of view, man is a part of nature, and societyeconomic lawIt is a form of expression of generalized natural laws in human society.Human beings live in nature. Although economic laws are relatively independent, they are fundamentally governed and restricted by natural lawseconomic activityOnly in accordance with the laws of nature can it continue[1]。
At this stage, human society has enteredknowledge economy, EcologyThe Age of Civilization。traditionRoad to industrializationlowerindustrial production The predatory demands on nature have caused the earth to be riddled with holes, resulting inEcological environment problemsIt happens frequently.The Backward Force of Nature Makes Human Awakening: Must AdjustThe relationship between man and nature, develop comprehensive benefit orientedEcological productivityAnd explore the sustainable development path of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.The grim objective situation also urges economic research not only to understand and master economic laws, but also to deeply understand the economySociety and Nature, pay more attention to and follow the laws of nature, explore the laws, ways andSystem construction。This requires economists to break throughThinking setOpen up new theoretical realm.This can be called an ideological emancipation of economic research[1]。
Any law is the trend that things must be like this and that is certain.For example:human societyInevitablysocial formationTo Advancedsocial formationDevelopment and temporary setbacks cannot change the general trend of historical progress.
Stable connection
Any rule is behind the same kind of phenomenonCommon, yesRich and colorfulThe stability link behind the phenomenon of。The stability of the law is its relativeRepeatability。As long as the conditions are met, certain laws will work repeatedly.[2]
Attribute law
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The natural law itself is not subject to human willobjectivityPeople can't change, create or destroy the natural law at will.People can use their bodies and material tools to act onobjective world, causing some changes in the nature, and can purposefully trigger, regulate and control the physical, energy and information processes in the nature, so that the results of the joint action of various objective laws are conducive to human changes or maintain the stability of human beings.This is based onobjective lawBasedSubjective initiative。
The process of using natural laws to transform the objective world is also subject to the constraints of human social practice and level, and is the same as social laws (seeLaw of social development）A certain connection occurs.Therefore, in solving practical problems, it is often required to use natural scienceTechnical scienceandsocial sciencesTo carry out systematic and comprehensive research.There are certain connections and differences between natural laws and social laws.
Main performance
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① Natural laws can take effect without people's practical activities, such asSolar eclipse, earthquake, wind, rain, thunder, etc;Social lawThe role ofActivity performanceOut.
② Natural lawEffective timeIt is relatively long, and the effective time of social laws is generally much shorter.
③ The natural law does not directly involve the interests of the class. Different classes and groups can use the natural law to serve themselves, but only in the purpose and direction of useClass nature；Social laws are different becauseclass societyMost of the social laws are directly related to the interests of different classes, and their discovery and utilization are often realized in class struggle.Since natural laws do not have class nature and do not directly involve people's class interests, natural science knowledge reflecting such laws does not have class nature and does not havenationalityPolitical.
