Theoretically, automatic door should be the extension of the concept of door, and the development and improvement of door function according to human needs.The development of automatic door industry has become increasingly mature. Automatic door refers to a control unit that can identify the action of people approaching the door (or some entry authorization) as the door opening signal, open the door through the drive system, automatically close the door after people leave, and control the process of opening and closing.
Automatic door is divided into:revolving doorRadial doorSliding door, induction electric door, emergency evacuation sliding door, overlapping doorFolding door, 90 degree push doorFast doorAnd other categories
Automatic doors began to be used on buildings after the twentieth century.In the late 1920s, with the opening of supermarkets in the United States, automatic doors began to be used.In 1930, the American Stan interest rate first launched the world's first automatic door (this historical data was recorded in the New York Times).By 1962, the electric type had begun to appear, and with the construction of the city, the field of automatic door technology was increasing every year.At the beginning, it was difficult to control the speed of the motor with the power supply for the building, so we had to control the speed of oil pressure and air pressure. However, due to the low efficiency of energy utilization, the electrical control technology has matured with the development of electrical control technology, and the electrical automatic door that directly controls the motor has gradually become the mainstream.For example: various automatic special doors that can be identified and controlled, such as:Induction automatic door(infrared induction, microwave induction, touch induction, pedal induction)Automatic card swiping doorEtc.
one
There are three main ways to operate modern automatic doors.
① Pedal board: a pressure switch is installed under the pedal.
Automatic Door
② Photoelectric beam type: a beam emitting device and a photoelectric sensing device are arranged near the door.
③ Button mode: press the button similar to the switch to open the door leaf.The automatic door opens and closes the door leaf by sliding, hinge or folding.In order to guard against theft, special equipment must be installed at the same time. For example, the automatic door for home needs to be installed with a person identification device or a TV monitor to strictly restrict people outside the home.Automatic doors have been widely used in shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, airports, stations, banks and other occasions.
Automatic opening and closing is controlled by various signals, and it is a general term of operating device, sensing device and door body parts.(InductiveTelescopic doorSee outdoor gate for details.)
working principle
Announce
edit
Automatic Door
The basic working principle of automatic door The basic composition of the automatic door operator is basically the same. With the above composition and the door opening signal, a simple automatic door system can be configured.
The system configuration of the automatic door refers to that it is equipped according to the use requirementsAutomatic door controllerConnected peripheral auxiliary control devices, such as door opening signal source, access control system, safety device, centralized control, etc.It must be based on the use characteristics of the building.Auxiliary control devices shall be reasonably equipped according to the composition of personnel and the requirements of building automation system.
Unlock
Coordination between automatic door unlocking action and door opening action, applied toAutomatic sliding doorThere are three kinds of electronic locks: electromagnetic lock for locking belt, electric lock for locking hanging parts of door body and electric lock for locking motor.The latter is used for heavy automatic sliding doors. The electronic locks of automatic side hung doors include electromagnetic door stopper, electronic latch lock and electronic door opener. The force direction of the electronic door opening does not affect the opening action of the door, and is not prone to misoperation.There is also a mechanical lock with a contact switch, which combines the lock with the switch. If the lock is not in the unlocked state, the contact cannot be contacted and misoperation is not possible.
centralized control
The concept of centralized control includes centralized monitoring of the operation status of automatic doors and centralized operation of multiple automatic doors. Centralized monitoring of the opening and closing status of automatic doors can be achieved through the position signal output circuit. Contact switches can be used. When the door reaches a certain position (such as the opening position), touch the switch to give the contact signal.Inductive signal generating device can also be used to send a signal when the sensor detects that the door is in a certain position.Corresponding indicator lights are set in the central control room to display the status of automatic doors, while centralized operation usually means opening or locking multiple doors at the same time
enabling signal
Automatic Door
The opening signal of automatic door is contact signal, microwave radar andinfrared sensor They are two commonly used signal sources:
Microwave radar is a response to the displacement of objects, so it has a fast response speed and is suitable for places where people with normal walking speed pass. Its feature is that once people near the door do not want to go out and stay still, the radar will no longer respond, and the automatic door will close, which has a certain protective effect on the door operator.
The infrared sensor reacts to the existence of objects. No matter whether people move or not, as long as it is within the scanning range of the sensor, it will react and send out contact signals.The disadvantage is that the reaction speed of the infrared sensor is slow, and it is suitable for the places where people with slow movement go in and out.
In addition, if the automatic door receives the contact signal for a long time, the controller will think that the signal input system is blocked.Moreover, if the automatic sliding door is kept open for too long, it will also damage the electrical components.Since microwave radar and infrared sensor do not know whether people close to the automatic door really want to enter, they prefer to use key switch in some occasions.
The key switch can be a contact type button, and the so-called elbow switch is more convenient.The elbow switch is very durable, especially it can be operated with the elbow.Avoid hand contact.
There is also a foot switch, which has the same function, but has a high requirement for waterproof. Moreover, the foot switch has a great force, which is easy to make the foot switch fail.There is also a handle with contact switch. When the handle is pushed (or pulled in the opposite direction) in place, it provides contact signal to the door operator.
Building automation sometimes puts forward special requirements, such as using a branch line of the telephone to control the door opening.To meet this requirement, only ensure that the signal is passive contact signal.In some cases, people will ask for antenna remote control.A wireless receiver is used for contact connection with the automatic door, and anotherwireless transmitter Can meet the requirements.
Classification Introduction
Announce
edit
Automatic Door
1. According to the mode of opening and closing: can be divided intoSliding door, swing door, overlapping door, folding door, radial door and revolving door.
(1) Sliding door: it can be subdivided into single door, double door, overlapping single door, overlapping double door and arc door.The arc door leaf moves smoothly along the arc track, which can be divided into half arc one-way, half arc two-way, and full arc two-way.In order to maximize the entrance range, some push-pull (nested) automatic doors can be manually opened after the opening end coincides with the fixed leaf, which can also be summarized as push-pull automatic doors.
⑵revolving door: It can be subdivided into central axis type, circular guide rail suspension type and central display area type.
⑶Side hung door: It can be subdivided into single leaf one-way, double leaf one-way, single leaf two-way and double leaf two-way.
⑷Folding door: It can be subdivided into 2 folds and 4 folds.
(6) Overlapping door: it can be divided into overlapping automatic door with fixed side door page and overlapping automatic door without fixed side door page
⑺Arc door: It can be divided into arc segments, semicircles, and full circles, with or without fixed door leaves. The arc degree can be designed and set according to specific cases, which is very flexible in application. It can also be used to splice different radians to construct a door body with beautiful and varied geometric shapes. Therefore, Caesar's arc doors will be used more and more widely.
2. By door material: safety glass, stainless steel veneer, architectural aluminum alloy profileColor coated steel plateOther materials can also be used.The common types of glass automatic doors composed of them include frameless glass automatic doors, stainless steel framed glass automatic doors and aluminum alloy framed (polished or fluorocarbon painted) glass automatic doors.
3. According to the structural characteristics of doors, automatic doors are mainly divided into nine categories, namely, automatic revolving doors, arc shaped automatic doorsSmooth automatic door, side hung automatic door, folding automatic door, retractable automatic door, roller shutter automatic door, lifting automatic door and automatic car stop.
4. According to the use classification, automatic doors are mainly divided into five categories, namely, civil automatic doors, commercial automatic doors, industrial automatic doors, garage automatic doors and courtyard automatic doors.
Automatic rotation
Automatic Door
1) Classified by the number of door leaves: two wings, three wings and four wings.
2) Classification by stand: with stand and without stand.
3) Classification by automatic control mode: automatic start and stop, constant speed and automatic start and stop of the door, speed change of the door, low speed when no one is around, and fast speed when someone is around.
5) Classification according to the use function: the door leaf can be folded, and the door leaf cannot be folded.
Arc door
1) Classification according to arc and arc door sliding direction: semicircular single door right, semicircular single door left, semicircular double door two-way, circular double door two-way.
2) According to the classification of circular arc automatic door motors, there is a motor on the right side of the two-way sliding of circular double door, a motor on the left side of the two-way sliding of circular double door, a motor on the left side of the two-way sliding of circular double door, and a motor on the left side of the two-way sliding of circular double door, and a motor on the one-way sliding of circular single door.
Sliding door
1) Classified by opening mode: single opening, double opening, overlapping single opening, overlapping double opening.
2) Classified by installation mode: concealed type, surface type.
3) According to the door material classification: aluminum alloy, steel, stainless steel, wood.
Folding door
1) Classified according to the horizontal opening mode: multi leaf single opening type, multi leaf double opening type.
2) Classification by folding point of door leaf: folding at the end of door leaf, folding at the center of door leaf.
1) Classified by driving device: hydraulic driving device, electric driving device.
2) Classification according to door opening mode: single leaf single open type, single leaf double open type.
3) Classification by door material: aluminum profile, carbon steel profile andStainless steel doorBody.
4) Classified by detector: thin sensor, infrared sensorultrasonic sensor Electromagnetic induction sensor, special sensor.
5) Classification by use: commercial side hung automatic door, garage side hung automatic door, courtyard side hung automatic door.
Garage door
1) Classification by vehicle size: automatic door of villa garage (household), automatic door of large garage.
2) According to the type of sports, it can be classified as smooth type, side opening type, folding type, lifting type, flap type and roller shutter type.
patio door
1) Classification according to the movement type of door body: smooth type, horizontal opening type, telescopic type.
2) Classification according to whether there is guide rail: with rail, without rail.
3) Classified by the number of tracks: single track type, double track type.
4) Classification according to the number of door leaves: single leaf, double leaf.
5) According to the door material classification: carbon steel, stainless steel.
Car stopper
1) Classification according to the number of stop bars: horizontal bar single open type, double bar split type.
2) Classification by control mode: ordinary electric control type, automatic control type.
There are many kinds of automatic doors with different structural types, but their basic structures mainly include three parts, namely, the door frame part, the drive and transmission part, and the control and sensor detection part.
constitute
The door body is the theme part of the automatic door. Because of the plane and three-dimensional characteristics of various door bodies, there are two ways to form the door body, namely, the plane formation method and the three-dimensional formation method.
(1) Plane composition method of door body.The plane formation method is to create the door shape elements into a two-dimensional plane shape according to certain laws and principles.
The basis of plane formation method is repeated formation.There are two ways to repeat:
1) Basic repetition.Keep using the same basic drawing in your design.
2) The skeleton repeats.The horizontal and vertical skeleton units of the door body are reused in the design.The simplest and most commonly used is the square.It consists of equidistant vertical lines and horizontal lines.The following changes can be made on the basis of the square skeleton:
a. The width changes, and the width ratio changes so that the square skeleton becomes a rectangular box.
b. Change of direction.Tilt the horizontal or vertical direction of the repeating skeleton unit, and keep the skeleton parallel.
c. Row and column move.Keep one skeleton unit in a vertical or horizontal state, and the other unit moves regularly or irregularly to make the skeleton step like.
d. Skeleton, unit reflection.The direction of the skeleton can be staggered and repeated to form reflections between rows and columns.When reflecting, the edges of the skeleton must be directly parallel.
e. Skeleton unit union.
3) In the design of door body, the repetition of basic type and skeleton is used to form the door body structure in two-dimensional space.
Composition method and principle
1. Plane geometry.It is composed of more than four faces, and the intersection lines of each plane are related to each other to form a space.
2. Geometric surface body.It consists of geometric surface bodies.It moves around a straight line by the plane of the linear edge of the geometric surface, and its trajectory forms a curved body.
The above is the basic method and principle for designing the door body. In the door body design, the above ideas should be fully used to equip the door body shape, door post and flower shape.Avoid the imbalance of the overall aesthetic effect of the door.
Device mechanism
The driving device of the automatic door is composed of motor and reducer or motor and hydraulic system. It works according to the command of the control device to drive the program set by the device to drive the door to open and close.There should be a transmission mechanism in the middle of the movement from the driving device to the door body, and the reducer is a part of the transmission mechanism.Most of the reducers and motors have been integratedGear motorThis will simplify the equipment and make it easy to achieve standardization and miniaturization.In addition to the reducer, the transmission mechanism shall be designed according to the specific needs.The transmission mechanism can be gear transmission, chain transmission, or high-efficiency synchronous belt transmission.
Detection device
The controller is a control device with a microcomputer as the main body. It receives the signal from the detection sensor, makes the driving device work, and completes the opening and closing of the door body[1]。
basic function
Announce
edit
Doors generally include fixed parts, namely door frames, and one or more openable parts, namely door leaves, whose kinetic energy is mainly to allow and prohibit entry and exit.In addition to the above functions, the automatic door also has the following functions:
⑴ The opening and closing of the door is mechanized and automatic, and the operation is safe and reliable.The opening and closing of the door realizes the motor drive, which greatly reduces the labor intensity and traffic efficiency of the entrance and exit.Advanced control technology and safety protection measures are adopted to make the automatic door more safe and reliable.
(2) Door sealing performance and energy saving performance.Automatic revolving doorNo matter which position you turn to, the door is open to the outside and closed to the inside. Therefore, it can reduce heat loss, reduce dust intrusion, increase tightness and save energy.Other types of automatic doors can quickly and automatically close the door and adjust the opening width of the door leaf, which also increases their tightness and energy saving performance.
⑶ The automatic door enhances the function of building decoration and beautification.As the automatic door widely adopts new design, new decorative materials and new processing technology, its shape and structure will be more coordinated with the building, more matching, and enhance the building beautification function.
⑷ Automatic door can meet a variety of special functions.According to different applications and different needs, automatic doors with a variety of special functions came into being.For example, various forms of revolving doors, folding automatic revolving doors, folding automatic doors, retractable garden automatic doors, etc.
Key points of installation
Announce
edit
Automatic Door
Friendly tips for automatic door installation 1. If the automatic door track is installed on the welded iron dragon skeleton, the automatic door as a wholeSkeleton materialPlease use square iron pipes with a wall thickness of more than 3mm, or other materials with equivalent (or better) firmness.
2. When installing the framework, please ensure that the overall framework is horizontal, vertical, firm, tight and stable. The surface of the installation track should be flat without burrs.
3. If it is installed on the bearing wall or other attachments, ensure that the aluminum alloy track is horizontal, vertical and firm after installation. Please use a horizontal pipe to measure the level during installation.
4. The swing stop shall be installed after the door body is installed and adjusted. The swing stop must be firmly installed with the ground and not loose after long-term use.
Auxiliary configuration
1. Sensor selection: In high-end hotels and office buildings, you can choose high-sensitivity sensors;Select narrow area sensors in banks, shops and other places where people often pass by on the sidewalk.
2. Safety auxiliary device: It is necessary to put an end to the clamping event of automatic doors in high-end hotels and other places, and you can choose to install anti clamping devicesInfrared sensor。
3. Installation of access control system and electric lock: install automatic door in self-service bank, and can add self-service bank access control system and electric lock to control the entrance and exit.
4. Equipped with backup power supply: In order to ensure that the automatic door can also work normally in case of power failure, it can be equipped with backup power supply.
Procurement process
Site survey: contact - engineering department, technology department
Quotation stage: produce CAD design drawings and submit relevant quotations and product data - Design Department, Engineering Department and Business Department
Contract signing: accurate measurement - Business Department and Engineering Department
Factory production: Processing - Production Department, Engineering Department
On site assembly: commissioning - engineering department, business department
Submit acceptance data, conduct on-site acceptance and enter after-sales service engineering department, business department and after-sales center
Quality problems of automatic door
1. The electronic induction automatic door has a high technology content, and the reliability of its mechanical device, automation device or intelligent device is very different, so the price is very different. In order to ensure normal use with fewer failures, durability and safety, brand products of well-known enterprises should be selected as far as possible.
2. For the automatic door equipped with a guided lower track, it is better to draw a line during the construction of the floor. The wooden brace should be accurately embedded in the position of the lower track of the automatic door. Note that the length of the wooden brace is more than 2 times the width of the open door. It is not suitable to use the method of post grooving to ensure the quality of the notch and the beauty of the junction between the lower track and the floor.
3. The installation of the upper steel beam of the automatic door is an important link in the installation process. The box with mechanical devices and electric control devices is fixed on it, so the steel beam and its connection with the tunnel side are required to have certain strength, rigidity and stability.If the design depth in the preliminary construction drawing is insufficient, the designer must be contacted for implementation during the construction of the main structure.The embedded parts connected at both ends of the steel beam shall be reliably anchored in the reinforced concrete members.
Part material
Material selection is a very important link in the design of automatic door mechanical parts.With the improvement of machinery and parts in engineering practice and the continuous development of material science, the reasonable selection of materials is increasingly becoming an important means to improve the quality of parts and reduce costs.
Metallic materials
Among all kinds of engineering materials, metal materials are the most widely used.Iron and steel materials are widely used not only because of their good mechanical properties, but also because they are relatively cheap and easy to obtain, which can meet the requirements of a variety of properties and uses.Because alloy steel has excellent properties, it is often used in the manufacture of important parts.Stainless steel is widely used in automatic door engineering.Among nonferrous metals, aluminum, copper and their alloys are most widely used.Among them, aluminum alloy with light weight and corrosion resistance is the most widely used in automatic door engineering.
high polymer
Polymer materials usually include three types, namely, plastic, rubber and synthetic fiber.Polymer materials are rich in raw materials, low in density and corrosion resistant.Plastic and rubber are widely used in automatic door engineering.Because of its good elasticity within a proper temperature range, rubber is often used as a sealing strip in automatic door engineering.The disadvantages of polymer materials are easy aging, poor flame retardancy and heat resistance.
compound material
Composites are made of two or more materials with significantly different physical and mechanical properties. Different materials can be used as reinforcement and basic phase of materials respectively.The reinforcement plays a role in improving the strength and stiffness of the matrix phase, and the matrix phase plays a role in determining the nature of the reinforcement phase, so as to obtain excellent properties that are difficult to achieve by a single material.
Resin is usually used as the matrix phase of composites.It can be divided intoFiber reinforced compositesAnd particle reinforced composites.The preparation of composites is to combine the reinforcement phase with the matrix phase and the matrix phase according to a certain process, and use a specific mold to form.
Composite materials have the advantage of high strength and elastic modulus, and small quality, but poor heat resistance, heat conduction and conductivity, and expensive price.for exampleTwo wing revolving doorIt is made of bearing wheel composite material.
Component parameters
Announce
edit
The common motion forms of the executive component include rotary motion, linear motion, curvilinear motion and reciprocating motion.In the automatic door project, the door body is the executive component, and the basic movement of the door body is rotary and linear movement.
Gyratory motion
Continuous rotary motion, intermittent rotary motion and reciprocating swing.The revolving door of the automatic door is a continuous rotary motion, and its motion parameter is the speed per minute.The circular arc automatic door is a reciprocating swing. Its motion parameters are the number of swings per minute, the size of swing angle and the travel speed ratio coefficient.
Rectilinear motion
Reciprocating linear motion, reciprocating linear motion with stops, and one-way linear motion with stops.The smooth automatic door and the retractable garden automatic door in the automatic door are reciprocating linear motion with stops. Their motion parameters are the number of stops, the position of stops, the length of stops, the size of travel and the working speed in a working cycle.
The door body of automatic door generally has no curve motion and compound motion.The coordination between the automatic door actuating component and the motor After the motion parameters of the actuating component (door body) and the motor are determined, the total transmission ratio of the motion chain can be calculated.
Key points of design
(1) Technical skills.Operational performance, safety and environmental factors.
(2) Economic performance.Efficiency, use economy, cost, manufacturing and maintenance, overall dimensions and weight, etc.
⑶ Aesthetic performance.Harmony of modeling, color and surrounding environment.
The basic contents and principles of automatic door design shall meet the requirements of general machinery.For machinery with special requirements, the basic contents and principles of automatic door design shall meet the requirements of mechanical design.
Key points of mechanical parts design
(1) Ensure that the mechanical parts have normal functions and avoid the failure of mechanical parts.
1) The fracture or impermissible residual deformation of parts in operation is considered as insufficient strength.The former refers to the breaking of gear root;The latter refers to plastic deformation of gear tooth surface.
Such as stress concentration, surface quality of parts and environmental conditions.
2) The contact stiffness can be improved by increasing the support area.
3) Surface damage.The surface damage of parts is mainly corrosion, wear and contact fatigue.
4) Destroy the effectiveness caused by normal working conditions.High temperature and low temperature will greatly reduce the bearing capacity of parts.
(2) Other requirements for mechanical part design.
1) At the same time, the current production level and conditions should be considered.
2) The structure with good workmanship will reduce the processing and assembly costs,
Therefore, good technology has good economy.
3) Reliability requirements.Probability that the part can normally complete its function
Government programmes
Announce
edit
Principles for overall decoration design of government office buildings:
The design style of automatic door should be close to the overall design style, elegant, generous, fully functional, and highly reliable.The overall design principle of the office building is characterized by the distinctive era personality embodied in the refined and elegant design style. The reasonable functional layout and reliable protection will ensure the smooth operation of the building.Each part of the main building will be reasonably positioned in the decoration level according to different use requirements, so as to make the best use of materials, save money and facilitate construction.
Details of fluorocarbon automatic door scheme of government agencies:
Special automatic door is adopted for automatic door bodyAluminium alloy doorThe frame profile is convenient to adjust the color of the door body according to the overall design color to achieve a unified overall feeling. Moreover, the aluminum alloy door body is not easy to deform, light in weight, and durable.
Automotive program
Announce
edit
Scheme introduction
Auto showrooms are a common place where automatic doors are used. However, due to the professional ability of automatic door companies and the design omission of decoration design companies, many auto showrooms often follow the design of ordinary automatic doors in the selection of automatic door schemes. In fact, if you have a detailed understanding of the functions of automatic doors and address the traffic requirements of auto showrooms, you can design beautifulThe auto showroom automatic door scheme is used.
Basic Requirements
Pedestrians can pass through automatically, and cars can enter and exit after manual operation. When cars enter and exit, a larger passage width is required, and when pedestrians pass, the normal opening width is enough.
Select Style
Translating automatic door (including emergency opening function), folding automatic door, overlapping automatic door/nested automatic door, etc.
Material selection
Stainless steel full frame door body, aluminum alloy fluorocarbon full frame door body, full glass door body (with aluminum alloy edge seals), etc
matters needing attention
Announce
edit
Work to be done after installation of automatic door
1. The user shall be introduced to how to check the daily operation of the automatic door;
2. The user shall be introduced to the functions of various switches of the automatic door and the position of the switch;
3. The user shall be introduced to how to turn off the power supply of the automatic door and where the power switch is located;
4. The user shall be introduced to the common faults of the automatic door and the handling methods;
5. Leave the service hotline of the engineering company for the user and introduce the service warranty of the automatic door.
computing method
1. Total price of automatic door project=price of automatic door equipment+price of door body (number of square meters multiplied by unit price per square meter)+transportation cost.
2. The price of the door body is per square meter. The main materials of the door body are: 12mm thickTempered glass, square steel keel, 1.2mm stainless steel cladding.
3. The door body style of automatic door includes upper and lower doors with frameless door, framed door and pure frameless door. According to the different door body styles, the engineering requirements of automatic door are different, and the prices are different.
Usage
1. Please pass through the automatic door in order. Please do not forcibly pass through the automatic door when the door is about to close or when the door is closed, so as to ensure that you can pass through the automatic door when the door is open for more than one person.
2. Do not jam the automatic door, crash the automatic door, or use external force to damage the automatic door equipment and door body.
3. Children under 1.2m in height, elderly people with mobility problems and disabled people should pass through the automatic door with the help of their guardians, otherwise they will bear the consequences.
4. Please do not stay in the automatic door for a long time, and do not put any obstacles in the automatic door.
5. When the automatic door is in the automatic sensing state, please do not stay in the sensing area or the automatic mouth for a long time.
6. In case of power failure, the automatic door leaf can be pushed to both sides manually. In case of automatic door failure or emergency, please turn off the power supply of the automatic door first and push the automatic door leaf manually.
7. Please attach eye-catching signs (such as company name, company logo, etc.) on the fixed glass door leaf and movable glass door leaf of the automatic door to avoid people bumping into the automatic door glass.
Key points of design
The overall designer of automatic door decides the strategic decision-making stage of key design factors such as technical and economic indicators.The basic issues to be considered in the overall design are:
(1) Technical skills.Manufacturing productivity, manufacturing accuracy, strength and stiffness, reliability, service life, operating performance, safety and environmental factors.
(2) Economic performance.
⑶ Aesthetic performance.Harmony of modeling, color and surrounding environment.
The basic contents and principles of automatic door design shall meet the requirements of general machinery.Because automatic door is a general mechanical device and a machine with special requirements, the basic contents and principles of automatic door design should meet the requirements of mechanical design.
Key points of mechanical parts design:
(1) Ensure that the mechanical parts have normal functions and avoid the failure of mechanical parts.
Failure refers to the state that the mechanical parts have lost the function given by the design.The actual effect of mechanical parts is related to the material of manufacturing parts, the working environment of parts, and the working stress state.In design, in order to ensure the expected function of the parts, the designed parts need to meet the basic design requirements in strength, stiffness, stability, friction, temperature, etc.
1) Strength.The fracture or impermissible residual deformation of parts in operation is considered as insufficient strength.The effectiveness caused by insufficient strength is divided into overall failure and surface failure.The former refers to the breaking of gear root;The latter refers to plastic deformation of gear tooth surface.
In order to improve the strength of parts, materials with high strength shall be used, the section size of parts shall be increased, and heat treatment and chemical treatment methods shall be used to improve the mechanical properties of materials.
Most mechanical parts work under variable stress conditions, so fatigue failure is the main factor causing part failure.When designing parts, attention should be paid to factors affecting fatigue damage, such as stress concentration, surface quality of parts and environmental conditions.
2) Stiffness.The elastic or plastic deformation of parts during operation shall not exceed the allowable limit.The rigidity of parts can be divided into overall deformation rigidity and surface contact rigidity.The former refers to the extent of elastic deformation of parts such as elongation, shortening and torsion under load;The latter refers to the microscopic peaks on the contact surface of the part.The way to improve the stiffness is to increase the section size or the inertia moment of the section. Increasing the support area can improve the contact stiffness.
3) Surface damage.The surface damage of parts is mainly corrosion, wear and contact fatigue.These surface failures are failure forms that occur gradually with time.For parts suffering from such damage, anti-corrosion materials or various anti-corrosion surface protection shall be used, such as blueing, surface coating, spraying paint film and surface anodizing, to improve the corrosion resistance of parts.
4) Destroy the effectiveness caused by normal working conditions.The parts can work normally only under certain external environmental conditions, otherwise they will fail.For example, gears and bearings should work under lubrication conditions;High temperature and low temperature will greatly reduce the bearing capacity of parts.
(2) Other requirements for mechanical part design.
1) Structural process requirements.Good structural processability means that parts can be produced conveniently and economically under certain production conditions, and can be easily assembled into machinery or equipment.Therefore, the structural technology of parts should be comprehensively considered from the whole production process of blank manufacturing, machining and assembly.At the same time, the current production level and conditions should be considered.This work accounts for a large proportion in the design and must be given sufficient attention.
2) Economic requirements.In the part design, in order to save production costs, the part structure should be simplified as much as possible to reduce processing costs;Use cheap and sufficient materials;Standardized parts shall be used to replace specially processed parts as far as possible;The structure with good workmanship will reduce the processing and assembly costs,
Therefore, good technology has good economy.
3) Reliability requirements.Probability that the part can normally complete its function
。Because the failure of parts is random.Therefore, in order to improve the reliability of parts, it is necessary to minimize the random changes in working conditions and parts performance, and strengthen the maintenance and inspection in use to improve the reliability of parts.
Automatic door maintenance
The maintenance items of automatic door and induction door are as follows:
① Clean the dust, impurities and oil sludge inside the case with a clean and dry rag;
② Since the automatic door and the induction door have been operating for a long time and the lifting pulley and drive belt are worn, the lifting pulley and drive belt can be oiled to reduce wear and noise;
③ Check the comprehensive voltage data and check whether the voltage variation value is within the normal range;
④ Check the wear of transmission parts, position deviation and screw tightness, check the belt tension, and properly tighten the belt as required;
⑤ Check the start sensor andSafety sensorWhether the installation position and function of are normal;In case of looseness, tighten and fix it with a screwdriver;
⑥ Check whether the controller controls the motor output, torque, opening and closing width, speed, braking and other control data of the movable fan normally;Debug according to the instructions of different products.
⑦ Check whether the impact force meets the standard index requirements;If it is too large or too small, debug according to the specific steps in the instructions;
⑧ Check whether the braking distance meets the standard requirements;During adjustment, observe the movement speed of the automatic door and the induction door body;
⑨ Check and repair other faults of gantry crane equipment;If professional installation personnel cannot go to the site for maintenance, please follow the guidance of professional maintenance personnel for maintenance.
⑩ After maintenance, the automatic door shall be restored to the normal requirements of all functional indicators.
