Automation technology is a comprehensive technologycybernetics, information theory, system engineeringcomputer technology, electronics, hydraulic and pneumatic technology, automatic control and so on have a very close relationship, among which control theory and computer technology have the greatest impact on automation technology.
The earliest feedback control mechanism was used to ride the sails of windmills. It was patented by Edmund Lee in 1745.
1788wattimprovementsteam engineHuman beings began to enter the era of using machines.With the help ofCentrifugal speed regulating deviceAnd keep its own speed stable.suchCentrifugal speed regulating deviceIt is the earliest automatic machine in the world.
In the 1940s, throughU.S.AThe efforts of mathematician Wiener and others in automatic regulation, computersignal communicationTechnologybionicsAs well as other disciplines, cybernetics came into being on the basis of mutual penetration.This theory has a profound impact on automation technology.The feedback control principle proposed by Wiener is still an important rule in control theory.
In the 1960s, with the complex industrial production processaviationAs well as the progress in aerospace technology, social and economic systems and other fields, automatic control theory has been developed rapidly, and the level of automation technology has been greatly improved.Two notable developments are the wide application of digital computers andmodern control theory The birth of.
In the 21st century, automation technology has enteredComputer automatic design(English: Computer Automated Design, CAutoD).
Tools of automation technology
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Engineers can control automation equipment digitally.The result is a rapid expansion of the scope of application and human activities.
Industrial automation often uses automatic equipment to replace high-risk, monotonous and high-frequency human behaviors, such as heat extractioncastingTake materials and assemble lines every few minutes.Through the introduction of automatic equipment, we can help solve the problems such as talent increase, technology failure and quality stability.For the concept that automation is a fixed mode, the following work needs to be prepared before importing:
StandardizationHomework: Automation is a function of computing, planning, inputting computer settings, controlling repetitive operations, and unifying and institutionalizing each production step before people can plan and calculate.
Risk assessment: for possible risks in the production process, such as:MetalworkingIron filingsdie-castingFor forming, it is necessary to clip the aluminum block that has not been unwound. What is tested is the technology and experience of the planner. The risk assessment will greatly affect the final benefits of this set of products. It is better to make more assessments between the planning automation equipment manufacturer and the machinery manufacturer to avoid the impact of production conditions on the automation operation.
Efficiency evaluation: generally speaking, the planner will estimate the benefits that can be saved based on manpower and time, because automation equipment such asRobot armRobot group as high as one million, orDoor type manipulatorThe price is close but not very good. If the benefit is not achieved, it is not recommended to import.
Simple three key points to judge whether it is suitable for automatic import:
The annual output is large.
The processing time is short.
The product shape is simple.
At the same time, automation may also causeUnemploymentThe increase of problems has become a political issue. With the development of traditional automatic machinerycomputerGradually intelligent development may lead to penetration into lower end industries and smaller companies, replacing more job vacancies. This replacement may be an expansion of equal proportions. Nikkei News once studied that after 2030, Japan may be robbed of 7.35 million jobs by robots, and people who are robbed of jobs will flock to other jobs,Making other workers more vulnerable in front of the management and being adversely affected by wages and benefits, automation technology may exacerbate the gap between rich and poor and become an unknown huge problem.
Future trends of automation technology
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Automation application fields can be divided into: office automation, mechanical automation, information automation, industrial automation, sewage treatment automation, etc., which are widely used.The overall development trend is: more widely combined with modern technology in various places, especially with computer technology and cybernetics, from the automation of physical activities to the automation of information activities, such as the use of computers toAutomatic design, not just aided design.
Diversified mechanical functions: industrial and commercial products have tended to be refined and diversified. Under the change of the general environment, diversified, flexible packaging machines with multiple switching functions can meet the market demand.
Intelligent control: PLC power load controller is widely used by packaging machinery manufacturers. Although PLC has great flexibility, it still does not have the powerful functions possessed by computers (including software).In the future, packaging machinery must be multifunctional and easy to adjust and operate. Computer based intelligent instruments will become the new trend of food packaging controllers.
Standardization and modularization of structural design: make full use of the modularization design of the original model, and the new model can be converted in a short time.
New applications
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The industrial environment has raised many new topics for the industrial field, such as the optimization of the industrial structure, the improvement of competitiveness and innovation ability, the green and intelligent manufacturing industry, and so on. In particular, the convening of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has highlighted the necessity and urgency of integrating "innovation", "green" and other keywords into the industry development trend under the new situation,Industrial innovation and upgradinggdp energy intensity Such "hard" indicators will also test the development of China's manufacturing industry in the coming period.It is against this background that the automation technology in the manufacturing industry has also been given a more and more important position. In addition to its inherent control, monitoring and other functions, the automation technology has also become a sharp tool to improve energy efficiency and production management level, and its technical application in various branch fields is also deepening.
Industrial robots are a typical example of innovative automation applications in the manufacturing industry, and this cutting-edge technology has become a hot topic in the industry without dispute. This phenomenon has also attracted the attention of many application industries, which has a tendency to catch the attention of the industry.From the manufacturing giantFoxconnHigh profile extended "olive branch" to "machine labor force", and many robot manufacturers frequently appeared with new products and applications. It seems that industrial robots have embarked on the fast track of technology upgrading and application expansion[1]。
There is a saying in the industry that automation technology is the "golden oil" technology in the industrial field, which shows that automation technology is widely used.In fact, from the upper control system to the lower data acquisition and transmission drive, automation technology is used.In particular, with the change of industrial macro demand, automation technology in the wholeindustrial system The role and positioning in the is also deepening.
Internet of Things
The application of automation technology in the Internet of Things mainly includes: data acquisition and storage of sensors;Automatically analyze and process data, and provide the implementation process;Monitor after-sales products and provide personalized service programs.
Future trends
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With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the emergence of various food processing products has posed new challenges to packaging technology and packaging equipment,Packaging automationTechnology is playing an increasingly important role in the field of circulation.The competition of packaging machinery is becoming increasingly fierce. The future packaging machinery will cooperate with the trend of industrial automation, promote the overall level of packaging equipment, and develop multi-functional, efficient and low consumption packaging equipment. Packaging automation technology is also developing towards the following trends: structural design standardization, modularization, fully utilizing the modular design of original models,New models can be converted in a short time.
