Expanded perlite

Natural acid glassy volcanic lava, non-metallic mineral

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expand perlite It is a natural acid Glassy lava ， Non-metallic minerals , including perlite Turquoise and Obsidian , the three are just Crystal water The content is different. Because its volume expands 4~30 times rapidly under the high temperature condition of 1000~1300 ℃, it is collectively called expanded perlite. general requirements Expansion multiple 7~10 times (3 times of obsidian, available), silicon dioxide About 70%. All are open-pit mining 。 No mineral processing, just crushing and screening.

It can be used as filter agent, catalyst molecular sieve as well as rubber 、 chemical fertilizer Pesticide carrier. Widely used in construction metallurgy , petroleum, machinery, light industry, water and electricity, casting, medicine, food, agriculture, forestry and horticulture.

Chinese name: Expanded perlite
Foreign name: expanded perlite
Interpretation: Natural acid glassy lava

Category: perlite 、 Turquoise and Obsidian
Named: Rapid expansion 4~30 times at 1000~1300 ℃
Mining method: open-pit mining

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Main purpose

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normal atmospheric temperature thermal conductivity 0.0245 ～ 0.048W/(m · K), high temperature thermal conductivity 0.058 ～ 0.175W/(m · K), low temperature thermal conductivity 0.028 ～ 0.038W/(m · K), and the maximum operating temperature is 800 ℃. It is used as an efficient thermal insulation and cold insulation filling material.^[1]

principle

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Expanded perlite is Perlite ore After preheating, instantaneous high-temperature roasting and expansion, the inner part is Honeycomb structure White of Granular Materials. The principle is: Perlite ore It is broken to form a certain particle size ore After preheating, roasting and rapid heating (above 1000 ℃), the water in the ore is vaporized Glassy The inner part of the ore sand expands to form a porous structure, Volumetric expansion 10-30 times Non metallic mineral products . perlite According to its expansion Process technology There are three forms for different purposes: open cell, closed cell and hollow.

enclosure

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Subject area

This standard specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marks, packaging, transportation, storage, etc. of expanded perlite.

This standard is applicable to the temperature range of 73~1073K (- 200~800 ℃) Thermal insulation material And used for making thermal insulation Sound absorption , fire prevention and other products, preparation Building mortar and Lightweight concrete Expanded perlite. Expanded perlite for other purposes shall also be used by reference.

Reference standards

GB 4132 Terminology of Thermal Insulation Materials GB 10294 Steady State of Thermal Insulation Materials thermal resistance And determination of relevant characteristics Protective hot plate method GB 10295 Determination of Steady State Thermal Resistance and Related Characteristics of Thermal Insulating Materials Heat flow meter France GB 11833 Thermal insulation Determination of steady-state heat transfer properties Ball method

Terminology

The terms involved in this standard are the same as those in GB 4132.

Classification grade

4.1 Classified products Bulk density It is divided into five labels: 70.100.150.200.250. Note: If other brand products are required, they shall be determined by the supplier and the demander.

4.2 Grades and grades of products physical property Divide Premium , first class and Qualified products Three levels.

4.3 Product marking

4.3.1 Marking method: the marking sequence is product name, label, volume Standard No 。

4.3.2 Marking example: expanded perlite with volume of 0.1m3 and label of 100 for each bag. Expanded perlite 100-0.1JC209

technical requirement

5.1 Bulk density and quality of expanded perlite Water content , granularity and thermal conductivity The indicators shall conform to the table

1 Provisions. JC 209-92

grade	Bulk density	Mass moisture content	granularity				thermal conductivity
	kg/m3	%	%				W/(m·K)(kcal/m·h·℃)
	Maximum	Maximum	Residue of 5mm sieve	0.15mm mesh throughput			Average temperature 298 ± 5K Temperature gradient 5-10K/cm
			Maximum	Maximum			Maximum
			Maximum	Premium	First Grade	Qualified products	Premium	First Grade	Qualified products
No. 70	seventy	-	-	-	-	-	0.047(0.040)	0.049(0.042)	0.051(0.044)
No. 100	one hundred	-	-	-	-	-	0.052 (0.045)	0.054(0.046)	0.056(0.048)
No. 150	one hundred and fifty	two	two	two	four	six	0.058(0.050)	0.060(0.052)	0.062(0.053)
No. 200	two hundred	-	-	-	-	-	0.064(0.057)	0.066(0.055)	0.068(0.058)
No. 250	two hundred and fifty	-	-	-	-	-	0.070(0.060)	0.072(0.062)	0.074(0.064

5.2 The stacking density uniformity index of products shall comply with the provisions in Table 2. Table 2

Grade	Bulk density uniformity
First Grade	The absolute value of the difference between the maximum or minimum bulk density of the five bags of samples and the average of the five bags of samples shall not exceed 10% of the average of the five bags of samples.
Second-class product	The absolute value of the difference between the maximum or minimum bulk density of the five bags of samples and the average of the five bags of samples shall not exceed 15% of the average of the five bags of samples.
Qualified products	The average stacking density of five bags of samples meets the requirements in Table 1

test method

6.1 Test method for bulk density and bulk density uniformity

6.1.1 Equipment a. Oven and dryer 。 b. Balance: precision is 0.01g. c. Measuring cylinder : Cylindrical metal cylinder (size: inner diameter: 108mm, height: 100mm) has a volume of 0.001m3. The inner wall is required to be smooth and clean, and has sufficient rigidity. The measuring cylinder should be checked frequently. d. Funnel. 6.1.2 Test steps

6.1.2.1 Dry the sample taken according to 7.2.2 at 383 ± 5K (110 ± 5 ℃) to Constant weight , and then move to the dryer to cool to room temperature. 6.1.2.2 Inject the dried sample into the funnel and start it Movable door , inject the sample into the measuring cylinder.

6.1.2.3 Use ruler Scrape the sample surface of the measuring cylinder, and the straight edge shall be close to the upper surface edge of the measuring cylinder.

6.1.2.4 Weighing cylinder and sample quality 6.1.2.5 During the test, ensure that the sample is loose to prevent any degree of vibration.

6.1.3 Result calculation

6.1.3.1 The bulk density shall be calculated according to formula (1): m2-m1 ρ=-- --.................................... (1) ν Where: ρ -- the bulk density of the sample, kg/m3; m1 -- the mass of the measuring cylinder, kg; m2 -- the mass of the measuring cylinder and the sample, kg; ν -- the volume of the measuring cylinder, m3.

6.1.3.2 Test results Arithmetic mean , three digits reserved Significant figures 。

6.1.3.3 Record the bulk density of five samples Maximum 、 minimum value And arithmetic mean, with three significant digits reserved.

6.2 Quality water content test method.

6.2.1 Equipment a. Oven and dryer. b. Balance: precision is 0.001g.

6.2.2 Test procedure Take about 10g of sample from each bag of samples prepared in 7.2.2, weigh after mixing, dry to constant weight at 383 ± 5K (110 ± 5 ℃), then move to a dryer to cool to room temperature, weigh until constant weight.

6.2.3 Result calculation

6.2.3.1 The mass moisture content is calculated according to formula (2): m3-m4 m=-- -- × 100.................................... (2) m4, in which: m -- mass moisture content of sample,%; M3 -- mass of sample before drying, g; m4 -- mass of sample after drying, g.

6.2.3.2 Test results Take the arithmetic mean of Sanyi test results, and retain two significant figures. six point three Particle size test method

6.3.1 Equipment a. Oven. b. Balance: precision is 0.01g. c. Standard sieve ： Sieve size It is a 5,2.5,1.2,0.6,0.3,0.15mm sieve, of which the 2.5,1.2,0.6,0.3mm sieve is an auxiliary sieve. d. enamel Disks or other containers. e. Brush.

6.3.2 Test procedures.

6.3.2.1 Mix the five bags of samples prepared in 7.2.2, take out about 0.001 m3 of samples, dry them at 383 ± 5 K (110 ± 5 ℃) to constant weight, and weigh them.

6.3.2.2 Install each layer of sieve in order, and place the sample on Sieve Inside, cover tightly and screen by mechanical or manual method. When hand sieving, the sample should be fully moved on the screen (that is, hold the screen with one hand and slightly tilt it, and knock the screen wall with the other hand at a frequency of about 150 times per minute, turning 60 degrees every 25 times) Screening end point 。 6.3.2.3 Mechanical screening shall prevail during arbitration.

6.3.2.4 Weighing 5mm Sieve aperture Sieve residue And 0.15mm mesh Throughput , before each weighing Should be Allow the specimen to stand for a few minutes.

6.3.3 Result calculation

6.3.3.1 The residue of 5mm mesh screen shall be calculated according to formula (3): m6 ω 1=-- × 100.................................... (3) m5, where ω 1 -- sieve residue,%; M5 -- sample mass, g; m6—— Sieve residue Mass, g;

6.3.3.2 The throughput of 0.15mm sieve is calculated according to formula (4): m6 ω 2=-- × 100.................................... (4) m5, where ω 2 -- throughput,%; M5 -- sample mass, g; m6 -- passing mass, g;

6.3.3.3 The test results shall be the arithmetic mean of the two test results, and two significant figures shall be retained.

6.4 Heat conduction System test method

6.4.1 Take 3 of the 5 bags of samples prepared in 7.2.2, and take about 0.004m3 of samples from each bag.

6.4.2 It shall be carried out according to the methods specified in GB10294, GB10295 or GB11833. The arbitration shall be conducted according to GB10294.

6.4.3 Test report The product push density and the loading density during the test shall be indicated in.

Inspection rules

7.1 Inspection classification Product inspection Outgoing inspection and type inspection Two types

7.1.1 Delivery inspection Items: bulk density, bulk density uniformity, mass moisture content and particle size.

7.1.2 Type inspection items: bulk density, bulk density uniformity, mass moisture content, particle size and thermal conductivity. In one of the following cases, type inspection shall be carried out: a. When raw materials and Production process When there are changes. b. Type inspection shall be carried out every half a year during normal production. c. When production is resumed after a long-term shutdown. d. The factory inspection results are significantly different from the last type inspection. e. Country Quality supervision When the organization requires type inspection.

7.2 Inspection batch and Sampling plan

7.2.1 Inspection lot size: 100m3 is regarded as an inspection lot size, and those less than 100m3 are also regarded as an inspection lot size.

7.2.2 Sampling plan: randomly select 5 packages of samples from different positions on each inspection lot Quartering 0.008m3, put them into bags and store them in drying containers respectively.

7.3 Judgment rules Each inspection batch of products shall be inspected, and the inspection results shall all conform to the provisions in Table 1. If one indicator does not meet the requirements in Table 1, it is allowed Secondary sampling All indexes shall be rechecked, and the recheck result shall be taken as the final judgment result. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage.

sign

8.1.1 Products shall have quality certificates Quality grade Logo.

8.1.2 The product name Registered trademark 、 manufacturer Name, waterproof mark? 8.1.3 Product mark, label date of manufacture It can be provided in the form of instructions or labels.

8.2 Packaging: 8.2.1 The product must adopt Woven bag , gunny bag packaging, the volume of the packaging bag is 0.1m3. Other packaging forms can be used if there are special requirements. 8.2.2 The packaging bag is not allowed to be pierced, and must be stitched. The ruler may be mechanically sewn.

8.3 Transportation: During transportation, it shall be waterproof, discrete and leaky, and it is strictly prohibited to step on it.

8.4 Storage: The products shall be stacked indoors according to the label and grade, and the stacking site shall be flat and dry. Additional note: This standard is under the jurisdiction of Henan Research and Design Institute of Building Materials. This standard is drafted by Henan Research and Design Institute of Building Materials. The main drafters of this standard are Qu Zhenhua and Huang Yinong.

purpose

1. Building field: thermal insulation Fire retardant coating 、 Acoustic panel etc.

2. Industrial field: Pipe insulation , cold insulation, filter materials, slag collection materials in steelmaking process, rubber and plastic Filler material etc.

3. Agriculture and horticulture: soilless cultivation Soil improvement , pesticide fading retardants, etc

Production process

The ore mined from the mine is processed into certain Grain size gradation The expansion plant will purchase the mineral sand of. Perlite water content Generally, it is 4-6%. Due to the high water content, the rapid volatilization of water after high temperature heating will cause the explosion of perlite. Therefore, the perlite Invalid water The content shall be removed before expansion to keep the water required for normal expansion (i.e. effective water). Based on a large number of tests conducted by laboratories and manufacturers at home and abroad, the expanded perlite has the best effect when the effective water content is between 2.2-2.4%, Expansion multiple Maximum (i.e. lowest loose density). Therefore, the Production process It shall include preheating and expansion Key process 。

(1) Preheating: according to the different origin and particle size, the pearlite ore sand will be preheated for 2-8 minutes under the temperature of 250-400 ℃, and the moisture content of preheating and dehydration will meet the expansion requirements.

(2) Expansion: the preheated ore will be evenly sprayed onto the flame with a temperature of 900-1200 ℃ by the feeding device. The ore will be rapidly heated and rapidly expanded to 10-30 times the original volume. The expanded perlite particles are white or light gray, with honeycomb structure inside. The loose density is generally 40-80Kg/m3.

⑶ Expanded perlite passes through cyclone separator conduct Feeder After separation, high temperature gas containing a small amount of fine dust enters the aggregate bin Bag type dust collector Dust is discharged into the atmosphere. Factories with poor conditions do not set up special Dust removal device Instead, the high-temperature gas is discharged directly.

Material defects

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Expanded perlite Water absorption High, Water resistance Poor Thermal insulation mortar In mixing Volume shrinkage Large deformation, lower thermal insulation performance of the product in the later period, easy to crack Bond strength At the same time, the expanded perlite thermal insulation mortar is prone to layering, segregation and bleeding during mixing, transportation and parking, which leads to poor construction performance and affects the technical performance of hardened thermal insulation mortar.

Material advantages

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The expanded perlite is well accepted by the market and plays its role due to its good thermal insulation efficiency and super stability Scope of application It is widely used, especially in fire resistance, thermal insulation and energy saving.

There are countless excellent performances. It not only has good environmental protection performance, but also has economic and social value The construction is extremely convenient and easy to maintain, and the impact performance is superior to any other Thermal insulation material , anti Damp heat It has excellent performance and good fire resistance.

among Durability Same life as the building, completely breaking the organic matter External wall insulation material The average service life is 25 years. Because of rock energy Inorganic insulation materials The system is an inorganic product, never aging. It is also a seamless construction, thus forming a full plastic wrapping protection effect on buildings.

Under normal use conditions, such as dry, cold, high temperature, wet Electrochemical corrosion or insect , fungi or algae Growth, as well as the destruction of serrated animals, object impact and other attacks, will not cause damage, greatly extending the service life of buildings. The service life of the thermal insulation material is the same as that of the building.

Product use

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On the roof and wall of the building insulation material , lightweight aggregate, soilless cultivation for agriculture and horticulture, soil improvement, water conservation Fertilizer conservation Etc.

Expanded perlite is a kind of inorganic rock with extremely wide use Mineral materials , involving almost every field. For example:

① oxygenerator , cold storage liquid oxygen liquid nitrogen It is used as a filling type thermal insulation material during transportation.

② For liquor Filter oil, medicine, food, sewage and other products.

③ For rubber , paint, coating, plastic, etc Filler And expander.

④ For Sensitizer 。

⑤ It is used to absorb oil slick.

⑥ It is used for agriculture, horticulture, soil improvement, water and fertilizer conservation.

⑦ Used with various adhesive Cooperate to make profiles of various specifications and properties.

⑧ More for Industrial kiln On the thermal insulation of building roof and wall.

Note: The application of various expanded perlite products, in addition to the thermal insulation performance of expanded perlite, is based on this, and different binder And can be made into finished products to meet different needs.

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