Membrane structure, also called tensile membrane structure, is the most representative architectural form in the 21st century.It breaks the pattern of pure linear architectural style, and provides more imagination and creative space for architectural designers with its unique beautiful curved shape, the perfect combination of simplicity, lightness, rigidity and softness, strength and beauty.
Membrane structure is a structural system combining building and structure, which adopts high strength and flexibilityFilm materialWith the auxiliary structure, a certain amount of pretension stress is generated inside it through a certain way, and a certain space shape under the control of stress is formed. As a covering structure or the main body of the building, it is a narrow space structure type with sufficient stiffness to resist the external load.
Membrane structure is a new type of building structure developed in the middle of the 20th century. It breaks the pattern of pure linear building style. With its unique beautiful curved shape, simple, bright, rigid and soft, force and beauty, it gives people a fresh feeling and givesArchitecture designerIt provides more space for imagination and creation.The membrane structure has a strong sense of the times and representativenessarchitecture、structural mechanics、Fine chemical industry、material science 、computer technologyThe multidisciplinary cross application engineering, which is integrated with, etc., has a high technical content and artistic appeal, and its surface can be arbitrarily changed according to the design needs of architects.Combined with the overall environment, we will build a landmark image project with strong practicability and wide application fields.It can be used for large-scale public facilities, such as roof system of stadiums, airport hall, exhibition center, shopping center, parking lot, platform facilities, etc.It can also be applied to leisure facilities, industrial facilities, entrance corridors, landmark or landscape buildings, sketches, etc.[1]
advantage
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(1) Large span.The membrane structure is light in weightanti-seismicWith good performance, it can eliminate the need for internal support, overcome the difficulties encountered in the realization of traditional structures on long-span (unsupported) buildings, create huge unobstructed visual space, and effectively increase the space use area.
(2) Artistic.The membrane structure breaks through the traditional building structure typeChromaticsIn order to rely on, we can combine the natural conditions, give full play to the imagination of architects, and build curves and various shapes that are difficult to achieve in traditional buildings according to creativity, which are rich in color and contemporary flavor, and reflect the beauty of structural components under force.It is easy to form a night scene with lights, giving people the enjoyment of modern beauty.
(3) Economy.The membrane material has a certain light transmittance, which can reduce the lighting intensity and time in the daytime and save energy;Colorful light transmission at night can form a gorgeous landscape.Moreover, the membrane structure can be disassembled and easily moved, especially when building long-span buildings for short-term application, it is more economical.
(4) Security.The membrane material has flame retardancy and high temperature resistance, which can well meet the fire protection requirements;The membrane structure is a flexible structure, which can withstand large displacement and is not easy to collapse as a whole;Membrane structure has light deadweight and good seismic performance.
(5) Self cleaning.The membrane material with protective coating is used in the membrane building, which is not sticky. The dust falling on the surface of the membrane material can be washed naturally by rain to achieve a good self-cleaning effect, while ensuring the service life of the building.
(6) The construction period is short.DiaphragmaticCropping, steel cable andsteel structureThe production of, etc. is completed in the factory to reduce the on-site construction time. It can be carried out at the same time with the lower reinforced concrete structure or components to avoid construction crossingWire rope、steel structureAnd the connection, installation, positioning and tensioning process of the diaphragm, so the on-site construction and installation are fast and fast, and the construction period is shorter than that of traditional construction projects.
(7) Wide application.From the perspective of climate conditions, membrane structure buildings are applicable to a wide area;In terms of scale, it can range from single tent and garden sketch to buildings covering tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of square meters.Some even imagined covering a small city to realize artificial nature.[1]
shortcoming
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(1) Poor durability.The service life of general membrane materials is 15-25 years, which is far from the traditional concrete and steel, and is different from the design concept of "a hundred year plan".
(2) Poor thermal insulation.If the light transmittance is emphasized, only a single layer film can be used, and the heat insulation is poor, so air conditioning is required in cold winter and hot summer.
(3) The sound insulation effect is poor.Single layer membrane structure can only be used for buildings with low requirements for sound insulation.
(4) Poor resistance to local loads.The roof will form a local depression under the effect of local load, causing rain or snow deposition, increasing the load on the roof at the deposition place, which may lead to roof tearing (tent structure) or overturning (inflatable structure).
(5) Inflatable structures also require continuous air supply, so maintenance and management are particularly important.In addition.The air supported inflatable structure must be a closed space and should not open windows.
(6) Environmental issues.The membrane materials used are non renewable. Once the service life is reached, the removed membrane materials will become urban garbage and cannot be disposed. The recyclability of membrane materials is being developed and some progress has been made.[2]
Membrane material
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In the film structure, the film isStructural materials, againbuilding material。As a structural material, the membrane must have sufficient strength to withstand the tension caused by self weight, internal pressure or prestress, wind, snow, etc;As a building material, it must also have building functions such as waterproof, heat insulation, light transmission or light blocking.As the soul of membrane structure, the development of membrane materials is closely related to and promotes the technology of membrane structure.
The materials of film are divided into fabric film and foil.High strength foils have only been applied to structures in recent years.Fabric is made of flat or curved fibers, and fabric membrane has a long history of application.Foil in structural engineering is made of fluoroplastics, which has the advantage of high light transmittance and excellent aging resistance.[2]
classification
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The membrane structure building has a variety of shapes, which can be divided into inflatable membrane structure, tensioned membrane structure and skeleton supporting membrane structure according to the support mode.
1. Framework membrane structure
The roof skeleton composed of steel structure or integrated material is in the form of tensile membrane above it. The lower support structure has high stability. Because the roof shape is simple, the opening is not easily restricted, and the economic benefits are high, it is widely applicable to any large or small space.
2. Tensioned membrane structure
It is composed of membrane materials, steel cables and pillars. Tension is introduced into the membrane materials by steel cables and pillars to achieve stability.In addition to the practical, creative and beautiful shape, it is also the structural form that best demonstrates the spirit of membrane structureLarge span space also adopts the form of steel cable net composed of steel cables and compressed materials to support the upper membrane materials.The construction cost is slightly higher than that of skeleton membrane structure due to high construction precision requirements, strong structural performance and rich expressiveness.
3. Inflatable membrane structure
The inflatable membrane structure is to fix the membrane material around the roof structure, and use the air supply system to raise the indoor air pressure to a certain pressure, so that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the roof can be generated to resist external forces. Because the air pressure is used to support, and the steel cables are used as auxiliary materials, without any beam or column support, it can get more space, and the construction is fast and the economic benefits are high,However, it is necessary to maintain 24-hour operation of the forced draft fan, and the cost of continuous operation and machine maintenance is high.[2]
