Inferior epigastric artery:NearInguinal ligamentFrom slightly inside the midpointExternal iliac artery, onDeep ring of inguinal canalThe medial extraperitoneal tissue is inclined upward and inward, and goes up through the transverse fascia of the abdomenRectus abdominisAndSheath of rectus abdominisBetween the posterior layers, to near the umbilical plane and fromInternal thoracic arteryIt was anastomosed with the superior epigastric artery of the right abdominis and the terminal branch of the intercostal artery at the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis.
Physiological location of inferior epigastric artery
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It originates from the external iliac artery slightly inside the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, goes up obliquely in the extraperitoneal tissue inside the deep ring of the inguinal canal, goes up between the rectus abdominis muscle and the posterior layer of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath, and is anastomosed with the superior epigastric artery originating from the internal thoracic artery near the umbilical plane, and is anastomosed with the terminal branch of the intercostal artery at the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle.
Anatomical structure of external iliac artery
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The external iliac artery is the main artery of the lower limbs and one of the terminal branches of the common iliac artery. It descends along the medial side of the psoas major muscle to the deep surface of the inguinal ligament, and moves to the femoral artery through the vascular cavity.The ureter may cross in front of the start of the external iliac artery, and the testicular blood vessels (or ovarian blood vessels) and vas deferens (or round ligament of uterus) cross in front of the end.
The main branches of the external iliac artery are:
(1) Inferior epigastric artery: it starts from the front wall of the external iliac artery, passes through the inner side of the groin abdominal ring, rises between the wall peritoneum and the transverse abdominal fascia to the semi circular line, enters the rectus sheath, and goes to the umbilical part, which is anastomosed with the superior epigastric artery and the lower intercostal artery, and sends its branches to the rectus abdominis.Branches of the inferior epigastric artery: ① The pubic branch starts from the inside of the inferior epigastric artery, runs along the back of the pubic branch of the pubic bone to the inside, sends out the obturator branch, descends behind the lacunar ligament, and anastomoses with the pubic branch of the obturator artery. ②The artery of the levator testis muscle enters the scrotum with the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal, distributes in the levator testis muscle and the spermatic cord capsule, and is anastomosed with the testicular artery and vas deferens artery.In women, this artery is very small, and it is the artery of the round ligament of the uterus, which is distributed to the pubic mound and labia along with the round ligament of the uterus.
(2) Deep iliac circumflex artery: it starts from the outside of the external iliac artery, goes up obliquely to the anterior superior iliac spine along the back of the inguinal ligament, and then goes backward along the inner lip of the iliac crest, branches to the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall, and communicates with the iliolumbar artery and the superior gluteal artery.
Clinical anatomy of external iliac artery
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After the external iliac artery is sent out, it descends along the medial edge of the psoas major muscle to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, and then moves through the vascular lumen to act as the femoral artery.If a line is drawn from the distance of the left finger below the umbilical cord to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, 1/3 of this line is equivalent to the journey of the common iliac artery, and the lower 2/3 is equivalent to the journey of the external iliac artery.On the deep surface of the inguinal ligament, the transverse abdominal fascia is located in front of it, and the iliac fascia is located behind it. These two layers of fascia form a femoral sheath along with the femoral artery.The external iliac artery branches from the inferior epigastric artery and the deep circumflex iliac artery above the groin.The internal and external femoral circumflex arteries, which branches from the external iliac artery through the femoral artery, and the inferior gluteal artery, which branches from the internal iliac artery, form a cross anastomosis behind the thigh.
The deep iliac circumflex artery starts from the external iliac artery at the inguinal ligament, and more men start from the femoral artery, which may be related to the steepness of the male iliac wing, the turning of the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial side and the higher lateral end of the inguinal ligament.The deep circumflex iliac artery originates most from 5mm above the inguinal ligament to 10mm below it, with an outer diameter of about 2mm (1-5mm).The deep iliac circumflex artery runs obliquely upward along the posterior side of the lateral half of the inguinal ligament, and then passes through the anterior superior iliac spine to the upper edge of the iliac crest. In addition to the hair branch nourishing the adjacent muscle branches, it also enters and nourishes the bone in the front of the iliac crest through the attachment surface of the iliac crest of the abdominal wall muscle.The artery runs on the medial side of the iliac crest at the junction of the transverse abdominal fascia and the iliac fascia, sending 2 to 8 branches to the iliac crest;At the upper margin of the iliac crest, 2 to 9 branches were sent out to the iliac crest.The deep iliac circumflex vein is closely associated with the artery, and the deep iliac circumflex vein is suitable as the vascular pedicle for free iliac bone transplantation.
