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Joint procurement

Procurement activities entrusted to professional procurement service agencies

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Joint procurement is a procurement activity entrusted to professional procurement service agencies. It is the regional association of enterprises, governments and individual businesses centralized purchasing To gather scattered projects in different regions to form large-scale procurement, so as to achieve improvement Economies of scale And reduce Purchase cost The goal of.

Chinese name: Joint procurement
Nature: Form of procurement activities
Interpretation: Purchase mode of forming purchase alliance

Approach: Entrust professional procurement service organization
Objectives: Improve economies of scale and reduce procurement costs
Production industry: Third party procurement, outsourcing service provider

catalog

seven advantage
eight Specific form

Conceptual explanation

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Joint procurement can help enterprises reduce costs, standardize their procurement behavior, and eliminate commercial bribe , eliminate procurement personnel Grey income 。 Make up for some enterprises Purchasing expenditure Limited funds, small procurement scale, scattered units, narrow procurement scope, few items, lack of procurement experience supplier Inability to form attractiveness and other deficiencies, effectively rationalize the procurement relationship and create Economies of scale 。

Relevant instructions

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Joint procurement is a form of procurement activities, and emerging industries are Third party procurement (Third party Purchasing), also called outsource The service provider is a professional procurement service organization. Purchasing service providers mainly serve enterprises, units, institutions and organizations with small demand. With the help of professional service processes, formal procurement mechanisms and keen market capture capabilities of purchasing service providers, they can help enterprises reduce the operating costs 。 There are not many professional outsourcing service providers in China, and they are in the exploratory stage of development. Similar service providers, such as Sichuan Anruike, have passed the Procurement outsourcing Combined with joint procurement, a mature procurement has been concluded Outsourcing services New mode.

Traditional procurement ， Traditional purchase is a routine business activity process of an enterprise, that is, according to production needs, the enterprise first prepares an application plan for materials to be purchased at the end of a month, quarter, or year; Then the material purchase and supply department will summarize it into an enterprise Material plan The purchase form shall be submitted to the leader in charge for approval and then be implemented; Finally, the required materials shall be checked and accepted by the warehouse after being purchased, and the supply shall be organized to meet the production needs of the enterprise. Traditional procurement has the following disadvantages: (1) Market information Ineffective, large inventory Fund occupation Many. (2) The risk of insufficient inventory is high, and supply may often fall short of demand, affecting the normal production and operation activities of the enterprise, or the overstock of inventory and high cost will affect the economic benefits of the enterprise.

Joint procurement It refers to a kind of product formed by multiple enterprises due to the same demand Purchasing Alliance Purchase mode of. This mode has reduced Purchase price , saving Administrative expenses Save early investment, establish strategic cooperation, share inventory resources, and reduce transportation costs. As a new procurement mode, it has been widely used in Europe, America and other countries.

Advantages of joint procurement

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reduce Purchase cost : Enterprises are interconnected and united to form the advantage of large-scale procurement, improve the subject matter of goods and enhance the bargaining power of enterprises.

Scale purchase behavior;

Reduce enterprise investment;

increase Procurement efficiency ；

Coordinate supply and demand and establish production and marketing order;

Promote cooperation with the same industry and achieve economic diplomacy.

Disadvantages of joint procurement

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Procurement The procedures are complicated, and the organizers must take great pains.

The timing and conditions of procurement may not match individual needs.

cause Joint monopoly 。

Procurement matters

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Purchase time

reasonable arrangement Bidding procurement Time, for taking into account the procurement departments, procurement units and procurement of all counties and cities supplier It is of great significance to ensure the arrangement of government procurement activities and the normal work of procurement units. The procurement time of regional joint centralized bidding should be determined flexibly according to the actual situation: for the procurement of daily consumable goods, a certain time span, such as half a year or one year, can be taken as the joint procurement time; For task based procurement, joint procurement is generally conducted before the task starts.

Purchase location

The location of bidding is also an important problem to be solved in joint procurement. In order to train the county level government procurement The department's ability to organize large-scale centralized bidding procurement. If it is a vertical joint procurement, it should conduct centralized bidding procurement in the place where the local (municipal) government procurement department is located. If it is a horizontal joint procurement, it should take turns to hold bidding meetings in each county (city).

Payment method

In government procurement, fund payment has always been supplier Joint procurement is no exception. Due to the particularity of joint procurement, whether it adopts centralized payment or decentralized payment should also depend on the situation. If Vertical procurement Each county (city) shall collect the procurement funds to the procurement department of the prefecture level government, and then pay them to the procurement suppliers in a unified manner; If Horizontal procurement , the payment shall be distributed, and each county (city) shall directly pay the payment to the purchasing supplier according to the time specified in the contract.

Features and scheme

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·Simplicity is based on Internet technology, friendly interface and easy to use.

·Compatibility coexists with the existing management system of the enterprise, which can facilitate interconnection.

·The most advanced Internet security technology has been proven in practical use.

·Extensible and open structure, which can be easily developed or added to authentication, payment, etc Third party services 。

·Wide area adopts the standard platform that all global branches can participate in.

The joint procurement solution has the following functions:

1， Portal function : Provide a place for all buyers and suppliers to enjoy real value-added services.

2. Directory management function: qualified supplier Directory, new supplier directory and purchase supplier directory management. Provide product catalog of approved suppliers, including basic product information and transaction related information; provide Supplier management Product catalog of, including new specification products of existing suppliers and new supplier catalog; Provide purchasers with a catalog of purchasers, including basic information, frequently purchased varieties, etc.

3. Transaction function: full automatic inquiry and quotation, bidding, order generation and management and other complete transaction systems. It has the function of contract template, which has been approved supplier On the basis of the product catalog, quickly complete the product ordering process; Provide inquiry and quotation environment and negotiation room; It has perfect auction and bidding functions and supports various bidding modes; Provide complete Third party services Interface, which can seamlessly integrate authentication, payment, Commodity inspection , transportation and other third-party services.

4. Collaboration function: the information sharing system between supply and demand within the purchaser supports collaboration between enterprises. Provide reliable multi-channel communication channels to realize real-time and smooth online communication services; Provide an open platform, which can facilitate the connection and data exchange with the ERP of both the supplier and the demander, and realize the information sharing between the supplier and the demander, including supplier inventory, production plan, delivery date, consumption speed of the purchaser, etc.

The effective application of these functions makes the supply situation of enterprises transparent, and realizes dynamic management, which greatly enhances the competitiveness of enterprises in terms of production speed, market feedback ability, etc.

advantage

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(1) Procurement

Like the price gap between wholesale and retail, the unit price of equipment procurement is inversely proportional to the quantity of procurement, that is, the larger the quantity of procurement, the lower the price of procurement. For example, for aircraft manufacturing equipment, this price difference can sometimes reach 90%. Joint purchase among enterprises can consolidate the purchase quantity of similar equipment. Through unified purchase, the purchase unit price will be greatly reduced, and the purchase cost of each enterprise will be correspondingly reduced.

(2) Management link

Backward management level is a common phenomenon in Chinese enterprises, and the improvement of management level requires enterprises to pay a huge price. Successor enterprises can avoid low-level duplication and achieve twice the result with half the effort only by learning from the experience and lessons of the leading enterprises and standing on the shoulders of the pioneers. For some enterprises producing similar products, if each enterprise has the same requirements and needs the same items in the procurement and quality assurance related links, it can implement the joint management, Centralized management Related work. The cost of the joint venture can be shared by all enterprises, thus greatly reducing the cost.

(3) Storage link

By implementing the sharing of inventory resources and the unified allocation of equipment among enterprises, the backlog and Fund occupation Improve the emergency demand satisfaction rate of enterprises, and reduce the production pause loss caused by equipment supply shortage.

(4) Transportation link

Unit weight of equipment Freight rate It is inversely proportional to the total amount of a single transport, especially in international transport. The combination of enterprises in the transportation phase can increase the volume of a single shipment by consolidating the transportation of small weight goods, so that they can be billed at a lower freight rate and reduce transportation expenses.

Specific form

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(1) Strategic alliance of procurement

Strategic alliance of procurement refers to that two or more enterprises adopt a long-term joint and cooperative procurement mode in consideration of the expected objectives of the whole world market and the overall business objectives of the enterprise itself. This kind of association is spontaneous and non mandatory. The parties to the association still maintain the independence and autonomy of each company's procurement, and rely on the agreements reached between each other and the consideration of economic interests to connect into a loose whole. The development of modern information network technology has opened up a new Enterprise cooperation Space, enterprises can guarantee the real-time transmission of procurement information through the network, making it possible for enterprises in different places or even countries to implement joint procurement. Internationally, some multinational companies make full use of the existing Economies of scale , lower Purchase cost Improve the economic efficiency of the enterprise, and it is developing towards the strategic alliance of procurement.

(2) Consolidated procurement of general materials

This method is mainly used among enterprises with competitive relationships. By consolidating the purchase quantity of common materials put under Purchase to obtain low price discount brought by large-scale purchase. In this joint mode, each procurement business is entrusted to the party with the lowest procurement cost to complete, so that the consortium's Overall purchase cost It is the joint standard of these enterprises that it is lower than the sum of the original costs of separate procurement by all parties. This cooperative Organizational strategy It is mainly divided into virtual operation strategy and entity operation strategy. The virtual operation strategy is characterized by low organizational costs, which can continuously strengthen the most advantageous functions of the partners and weaken the non advantageous functions.

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