Weng Fanggang (1733-1818), with the word of Zhengsan, Zhongxu, Qinxi, Suzhai and ShuntianDaxing(now Beijing) people.the Qing dynastycalligrapher、Litterateur, a metallurgist.
In the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was a scholar and was awarded the title of editor.He has supervised the education and administration of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Shandong provinces, and served as an officialCabinet Bachelor。He died in the 23rd year of Jiaqing.
Weng Fanggang (1733-1818), known as Zhengsan, Qinxi, or Suzhai,ShuntianDaxing(now Beijing) people.He was a famous scholar in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. When he was in his sixties and seventies, he could still write fine books and readFlyheadWord.Every year, Weng Fanggang must write four regular characters with watermelon seeds. After the age of 50, he will write "Long Life, Long Life", after the age of 60, he will write "Ten Thousand Years of the Son of Heaven", and after the age of 70, he will become "Peace in the World".On New Year's Day of the last year, when he wrote about the seventh watermelon seed, his eyes could not see clearly because of fatigue. He sighed: "I am weak!" He died soon.
In the 17th year of Qianlong's reign (1752), he was admitted as a Jinshi and became an officialcabinetBachelor.In the 38th year of Qianlong's reign (1773), the Qing government openedSiku Library。Weng Fanggang was appointed as the compiler of Siku Quanshu, and also served as the editor.During his tenure in Siku Museum, he andZhu Jun、Qian Daxin、Osmanthus fragrans、Huang YiDing Jie and others often goGlass StreetThe number of gold and stone rubbings made by book shops is increasing.
During his tenure in Beijing, Weng Fanggang andHuang JingrenI visited Taoran Pavilion and Yaotai together, and wrote couplets for Taoran Pavilion."No one comes to Yancang Temple, and the couch leans against the deep hall for a month.".This couplet is hung on the pole on the front of Taoran Pavilion.This couplet describes the scene of Taoran Pavilion in ancient times.The upper line "smoke cage" refers to smoke shrouding.The whole sentence is about the tranquility of the day. The ancient temple is shrouded in smoke, and no one comes here;The next link describes the tranquility of the night. The deep hall is in the woods, and only the bright moon shines in.The comparative description of "Nobody" and "Youyue" shows the profound and peerless style of the temple, which contains an extraordinary charm.The author was a high-ranking official at that time. He was used to living a life of luxury, but he was also tired of the mundane hustle and bustle. He found that there was an ancient temple in the city, which was "empty" and "full of moon". It was like entering a paradise.The conjunction expresses his yearning for a reclusive life.Now, this place has been turned into a park, and this couplet is not the original one. It was written by Guangxu's teacherWeng-tung-ho Redacted.Even the "stillness" described in this couplet is broken by the laughter and songs in the park.
Weng Fanggangend the day's sessionsEditor, Calendar OfficerCabinet Bachelor, LeftHonglu TempleQing, post honor banquet plus second grade title.He once presided over the local examinations in Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangnan and Shuntian, and supervised Guangdong, Jiangxi and Shandongprovincial educational commissioner。Weng Fanggang was good at textual research, epigraphy and calligraphy, and was the initiator of the "texture theory" of poetry in the Qing Dynasty.Learn from Ou and Yu, and abide by the law.You are good at clerical script. It is said that Weng Fanggang can write on melon seedsMinusculeYou can see that you are proficient in calligraphy.The Records of Calligraphy and Painting in the Qing DynastyLiu Yong、Liang Tongshu、Wang WenzhiThey are also known as "Weng, Liu, Liang and Wang"Prince ChengEternal Europe、TiebaoIt is also known as "Weng Liu Chengtie".Bao ShichenThe Art Boat Shuangji says: "Wanping calligraphy is just the ear of the craftsman, who has searched all the steles and stickers for tacit knowledge. The strokes must have their own posture, but the strokes are unknown."Ma ZonghuoAccording to the Written Conversation on Tuoyuelou, "Qin Xi is very cynical because he abides by the law; howeverAuthentic bookIt is neat and thick, much like the Tang Dynasty people writing scriptures, and its plain and quiet state is not the remnant words of the stone scriptures. "
Weng Fanggang is the author of 35 volumes of the Collection of Fu Chuzhai Essays, 4 volumes of foreign languages, 42 volumes of the Collection of Fu Chuzhai Poems, Records of Gold and Stone in the Han Dynasty, Jinshilue in Eastern Guangdong, Textual Research on the Remaining Characters of Han Shijing, Textual Research on the Ding Ming of Jiaoshan, and the Original Characters of Tang Dynasty on Temple Tablets《Shizhou Poetry》And a large number of epigraphy works.The word of the world is that those who use gold and stone will push the Weng family.The Qing Dynasty Draft includes his Fang Gang Zhi Qiu Gui Remnant Notes.
Calligraphy Features
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Weng Fanggang's Running Script with Wang Xizhi
Weng Fanggang has a wide range of knowledge, and has made great efforts in Yan Shu, Ou Shu, Tang people's scripture writing, and Han Li.But hisThe art of calligraphyThe level is not very high.His calligraphy is particular about the lack of a single pen, but his own things are very few.running scriptIt is a typical traditional style of calligraphy.It is coherent and soft, not anxious and not impatient, and follows the rules. It is very distinctive and does not lose the demeanor of the family.
The warm and rich thick ink in the work forms a strong contrast with the thin hairspring.In the process of using pen and ink, the transition buffer is from thick to thin and from thick to thin.Therefore, there is a sense of rhythm in shades, thickness and stops.The pen of the whole work is round and soft, without any traceFang GangFrom the soft and smooth brushwork, we can infer the author's flexible wrist when writing.Taking a comprehensive view of this work, it is one of his masterpieces, with deep brush strokes, thick ink color, plump strokes, strong muscles and strong bones, and wonderful charm.
Anecdotes of Calligraphy
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firstly
Weng Fanggang's calligraphy is mainly based on the regular script of the Tang Dynastylearned scholar, post-secondaryYu ShinanandOuyang Xun, especially in Ouyang Xun's "Huadu Temple Stele"running scriptMain learningMi Fu、Dong QichangAnd Yan Zhenqing.Weng's book emphasizesPenIt has a history,Bao Shichen"Yizhou Shuangji" records a story about him andLiu YongThe story of mutual ridicule: "During the reign of Qianlong, it was said that Liu Zhucheng (referring to Liu Yong) and Weng Wanping (referring to Weng Fanggang) were the two families. Ge Xianzhou, a scholar, was the son-in-law of Wanping, and the disciples of various cities were also. After tasting the books of various cities, Wanping said, 'Ask your teacher which one is an ancient man'. The scholar told various cities, and they said, 'I have become my own book ear, and ask your Yue Weng which one is my own.'"It can be seen that Weng Fanggang's attitude towards learning books is rigorous. From the aspect of learning books and practicing basic skills, he really reached a high level.
"Meng Yuan Cong Shuo" records that "Mr. Weng Qinxi can write the word 'peace in the world' on a sesame seed".However, he only worked hard on his skills, and always adhered to the rules of his predecessors. He did not seek innovation. After all, he was good at work.Bao ShichenIt can be said that Weng Fanggang's calligraphy is "just the fine craftsman" ("Yi Zhou Shuang Ji").
second
In calligraphy sage Wang Xizhi《Orchid PavilionAmong the stone rubbings of Preface, the one that is the best, most popular and most famous is《Dingwu Orchid Pavilion》。Zhao Zigu of the Southern Song Dynasty used 5000 gold to buy a book from Luzong. On the way home, he was in the mountain boat and fell into the water. He urgently held the rubbings to the surface and shouted, "My life can be abandoned, but this cannot be abandoned!" So later generations called this book "Falling Water Orchid Pavilion".
"Falling into the Water Orchid Pavilion" has been collected by 21 famous collectors and dignitaries from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, which can be said to have spread with a thread.In the 47th year of Qianlong's reign (1782), Weng FanggangCao WenyuanSee this post in person.So he watched "playing with the competition for a long time", so that "sleeping in the rain, sleeping, walking, sitting and lying, all the time on the side of" Falling into the Water Orchid Pavilion ".During this period, Weng Fanggang borrowedTianmu MountainFang Song's rubbings were proofread against them. With the power of poverty, they took one day to make a detailed copy of the book "Falling Water Orchid Pavilion".This scroll is inscribed with Gongduo's clerical script "The Most Precious Treasure of the Ink Forest" on the silk. LaterYellow silkXiangtuo《Preface to Orchid Pavilion》The 324 characters are mostly composed of Tibetan sharp blunt pen, while the dun press is implicit in it, and the grid is drawn according to the Lanting carved stone. The radium damage cracks of the original stone are all drawn into graphite veins on the silk with ink lines, "like clouds and smoke buds".
From the 46th year of Qianlong's reign (1781) toJiaqingIn the seventeen years (1812) and nearly 32 years, there were 30 paragraphs of nearly 6500 words of postscript in regular script, clerical script, and line style after the volume, and even "paper cannot accommodate", which can be called the most calligraphy works.
Literary propositions
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Outline of Weng Fanggang's compilation of the fourth library
Weng Fanggang's comments on poetryworkYes《Shizhou Poetry》However, his basic opinions can be found in a special paper.His texture theory, in factWang ShizhenVerve and harmonyShen DeqianHarmony and revision of style theory.He said: "Today's people mistakenly cling to verve, which seems to involve empty words. In my opinion, they want to be realistic with texture. In fact, texture is also verve." ("On verve") "Poetry is bad at style, and it is clear that Li and his generation are also wrong. The disciples of Li, He, Wang, and Li are muddy in style and fake. It is not the disease of style, but the disease of muddy style." ("On Style")He also said, "In fact, style is also verve." (On verve I) Weng Fanggang used the theory of "texture" to give a new interpretation of "verve" and "style", so as to revitalize the theory of ancient poetry and continue to work withYuan MeiThe theory of "spirit" of.
Weng Fanggang advocates "texture", which includes two aspects: one is "righteousness" and knowledge based on Confucian classics, the other is "culture" of words.He said, "Scholars today,ClassicsThe light overflows in the world. For learning, textual research must prevail, and for poetry, texture must prevail. "(Preface to Zhiyan Collection) "The principle of righteousness and reason is the principle of literary theory and the principle of texture." (Same as above) He said that the poetry of Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty changed its tone slightly in line with the Tang Dynasty.However, the poets in the Ming Dynasty only followed the style, and none of them had real talent. Only in the Qing Dynasty, the Confucian classics were well developed, and could be used as poetry (On Charm). This proposition was a reflection of the rulers' strong advocacy of Confucian classics and textual criticism in literature.
On the "poetic method", Weng Fanggang advocated seeking the banner of Confucian restoration, which he quoted separatelyDu FuThe poem "The method comes from Confucianism", which is interpreted as "large and always orderly, thin and one word with empty and solid single and double, one sound with low and high ruler, which is followed by bamboo shoots in front of and behind it. By taking advantage of the transformation, opening and closing are changing, we must ask all the ancients to do the same" (On Poetic Methods).Weng Fanggang's restoration of antiquity is not to respect the Tang Dynasty, but the Song Dynasty, especially the Jiangxi Poetry SchoolHuang Tingjian。He believed that "the beauty of Song poetry lies in its reality"（《Shizhou Poetry》Volume IV), one-sided emphasis on the textual research and historical value of poetry, and confuse poetry with "Confucian classics" and historical data.The so-called "historians' literary gardens connect with Confucian scholars, and clearly learn from the past and the present. A generation of poems and chapters are accompanied by scriptures, otherwise where can we find vowels?" ("The Sixteen Poems in the Same Collection of Books and Space") This is a proposition with vague literary characteristics.
literary works
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Weng Fanggang wrote more than 2800 poems, which can be mainly divided into two categories.One is "learning poetry", which includes textual research on classics, history and gold and stone.Most of these poems are ancient poems with seven words. The preface or caption before the poem is also the textual research text of classics and history or epigraphy.His poems can almost serve asAcademic articleTo read, often writedifficult to articulate, without poetic flavor.For example, The Second Bronze Jue Song in the Seventh Year of Chenghua, etc.ContemporariesHong LiangjiHe criticized him and said, "I like to talk about gold and stone cases, but I don't like public love poems."（《Beijiang Poetry》Volume I) The other is a poem that describes the author's life, life, or landscape.Most of these works also lack the flavor of life and true feelings.
Some of the modern style poems occasionally have good structures, such as: "The passenger road passes through the rain for ten days, and the forests and mountains lean against the sky. I don't know the summer weather in autumn, but I am directly connected with Dai Huai River. The old dream is to look for a hundred steps of flood. The sun sets in the west of the river, and the mountain is red through the leakage" ("Gao Zhaode Zhongcheng's move with Qiu Manshi, Xinong, Qian Jiaxuan, Sikong collects four poems about climbing the Crane Pavilion on Yunlong Mountain", second), "Autumn is to soak the sky and the moon in a bay, and several rafters and thatched houses are to pillow the river.".WeishanThe water of the lake is like a grinding mirror, which reflects the mountains in the south and north of the Yangtze River "." The gate flows thousands of miles, and the area around the house is like a boat. The mountain light and lake are full of gas and act as the head for thick clouds to ferry "(" Han Zhuang Zhai II "), which has a clear smell of Song poetry.
Book Stories
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Weng FangganglibraryRich and famous.Bao'ansi Street, outside the front gate of the capital, where I live, has a variety of books and books in my home.There are "Small Penglai Pavilion" and "Book Giving Pavilion" in the library. In the 33rd year of Qianlong's reign (1768), the library was renamed "Baosu Studio" because of the purchase of Su Dongpo's handwriting "Songyang Calligraphy" and Huaidongcang Cao's engraving "Shi Gu Zhu Su Shi", both from the Song family's library in Henan.Baosu Zhai was built because of the collection of Shi Gu Zhu Su Shi and Su Dongpo Song Yang Tie.Since then, on the birthday of Su Dongpo on December 19 every year, he would invite many famous people to his home to celebrate the book and write postscripts and inscriptions on it.It was called "Memorial Meeting for the Soviet Union", which lasted until Luo Zhenyu was still holding a memorial ceremony in the Republic of China.[2]”
In addition, there are "30000 volumes room", "Three Han Painting Room", "Graphite Building", etc., where he collects books and cultural relics.His "Self titled 30000 Volume Poems" said: "The laughing theory is inserted into the Ye Marquis's signature, which is ashamed of the Huzhou directory." "The Han stele is passed down to Hong Mai carelessly, and Song Qian pays homage to his son." The collection of books is printed with "Su Zhai Mo Yuan", "Su Zhai Zhen Jian", "Secret Pavilion School Manager", "Cabinet Bachelor, Cabinet Member, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Scholar, Schola"Daxing Weng's Shime Bookstore's Treasured Books", "Enjia Second Grade Feast Qionglin", "Small Penglai Pavilion", "Qinxi Examination", "Zisun Baozhi", "Beiping Weng Fanggang Examination", etc.
Epigraphy works include Records of the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty. The analysis of Haomang and the reference to Shuowen are accurate.His poems and prose, from the notes and commentaries of various classics, as well as historical biography, textual research, epigraphy and writing, are all carried out in poems and prose.Later generations said that he could "learn as a teacher".He wrote Supplement to Su Shi and Chronicle of Mi Yuan《Shizhou Poetry》An Examination of the Incomplete Characters in the Han Stone Classics《An Examination of Orchid Pavilion》《Jinshilue in East Guangdong》Supplement and Correction of Jingyi Examination《Description of Small Stone Sailing Pavilion》Complete Works of Fu Chu Zhai, List of Rites, etc.[3]
Selected Poems
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Watching the Luofu
Only in a vague sense, people andFishing Rock。When the bell at the gate of the temple rises, the woodcutter's path is still not.
Four hundred floors down, three thousand feet green fly.With whom to participate in the painting, half of the surface will be shining in the twilight.
Han Zhuang Gate II
In autumn, when the moon is shining in the sky, a few rafters and thatched houses are resting on the river.The water of Weishan Lake is like a grinding mirror, reflecting the south and north of the Yangtze River.
It flows thousands of miles outside the gate. The area around the house is like a boat.The gas phase of Shanguang Lake huff and puff, and serve as the crossing head for thick clouds.
"Listen to the Song of Zhong Shan's Room and Compose an Ode for Shi Zhuotang"
Listen to the number of rafters in Zhongshan House, and Xie Zi comes to talk about the small buildings.Fayuan Kaishi is the neighbor, and the bell sounds rice and porridge on the eve of the day.This clock and this house are bound by ink, and I remember that I was familiar with poetry before.In spring, I went to the temple to see the flowers. Forty five years later, it was like turning a candle.Fu Laoshiweng from the Quan Palace was not quick to come to the Xie Family.The red makeup is lit by burning candles in the banquet, and the rhyme pot in the lot is used to honor the late old wish.I followed the duke's advice and went to the palace. Thank you for not subscribing to the same year's record.It refers to talking with the neighbor Begonia, and remembering that the flesh is red and the sideburns are green.How many couplets continue to form an axis if you don't want to stay in the Spring Cooperation Map.When the wind blows down and the catkins fall, who will find tea and smoke in the Zen couch.In the past, he shared the same star with Xie Zi, and handed coins and stone flowers in the shape of head.Xiangdangong Square is also located here. It is on the third day of spring in Guimao.My poem invites me to manage my dream before, and I carry the capital basket under the flowers of Qingzhai.Begonia Yin Ran proved poetry and promise, as if to have a deep discussion with various old alliances.Liuguang knocked on the fire for another time, and Zhuotang envoy revolved around Chunan.Yanyu congratulates Huaxinbo, and Yingqian picks up the bell.The flowers make the incense of Buddha, and the verses of Buddha sit in the incense curtain.I repeated the inscription on the eaves and lintel, and I wrote a new poem for reference.On the crescent moon at the west end of the street, the west peak rain followed by the haze.When I spent my time, I planned to spend more time in Hunan, and my clothes were covered with fragrant fog and spring.
(Xie Zi: Xie Yong. Qian: Qian Xuan. Shi Zhuotang: Shi Yunyu.)
