Yale University was originally founded byConnecticutCongregationFounded in 1701 and moved toConnecticutOfNew Haven(English: New Haven).[1-3]Yale University is the third university in American history.Ranked in 2019 – 20 USNews ranked No. 3 among American universities.[1-3][8]Yale University LibraryIt has 15 million books in American universitieslibraryRanked 2nd in the system.[11-13]The 260 buildings on Yale campus cover the design styles of various historical periods.[14-15]
1638, North AmericaConnecticutBecoming Britishcolony。A batch frombritainPilgrims rideMayflowerCross the sea to settle in Kunnipiac Bay, and gradually develop it into a prosperousNew HavenNewport.Reverend John Davenport believes that education canEuropean CivilizationHaving taken root in the United States, he proposed to establish a university here.Although his plans were frustrated repeatedly, his ideas affected many local people.
Yale University
In 1701, James·PierpontThe first batchCongregationMissionary persuasionConnecticutThe court agreed to set up amissionary schoolTo enable young people to "learn art and science to serve the church and the state", 10 priests entrusted with the management of the school took 40 books from the library where they did not have many books as the capital for building the school.
In October 1701, the priests electedHarvard UniversityAbraham Pearson, a graduate, was the first president,missionary schoolSo it was officially established.But it was not until March of the next year that the school had its first student, Jacob Hemingway.In 1707, the first group of 18 students were awarded bachelor's degrees.At the beginning, the school had no school buildings, and students were scatteredConnecticut6 cities.In 1716, the trustees voted unanimously to move the school toNew Haven。
From the 1830s to the 1980s, Yale gradually developed from a college to a university with the unremitting efforts of Bishop Berkeley, Reverend Stiles, President Porter, etc.
The leader of the Puritans CMatherFor Harvard University, more and more non believersTolerant attitudeDeeply dissatisfied, he encouraged Britainbritish east india company Senior officialsElihu YaleMake a donation to establish the new school.In order to thank Mr. Yale for his donation, the school officially changed its name to "Yale College", which is the predecessor of Yale University.At the early stage of the school, the curriculum focused on classical subjects and adhered to orthodox religious views.In 1828, the whole country of the United States proposed that university curriculum should focus on practical subjects, which was announced by Yale University President J. Dai《Yale Report》, defending traditional courses, this reportCivil WarLater, it still had an impact, slowing down the process of introducing practical liberal arts courses in American universities.In 1908, Yale University began to stop requiring students to take compulsory coursesAncient Greek。Under the influence of the then president A. Hadley, he began to pay attention toProfessional training。Yale University Library6 million books, the largest in the United Stateslibraryone of.Yale University Art Gallery Founded in 1823, it has a wide collection and is the earliest university in the United Statesart galleryone of.Peabody of Yale UniversityNatural History MuseumCollected byancient extinct lifeImportant cultural relics in archaeology and human culture.Before 1969, Yale only recruited boys. Since thenCoeducation。
At the beginning of the 20th century, withAmerican educationWith the rapid development of Yale University, Yale University has grown to an amazing scale and reached a new height of influence in the world.
Peter Salovey, the current president of Yale University, summarized the development priorities of the university in the next 100 years as follows: "First, as the best in AmericaResearchYale University attaches great importance toUndergraduate educationQuality of.Second, graduate schools andProfessional College, together with Yale College, we are committed to cultivating leaders and famous people in all fields of the world. "
On November 2, 2023, Yale University announced the establishment of a digital ethics center.[31]
Successive presidents
Rector
Birth – death
term of office
one
The Rev. Abraham Pierson
(1641–1707)
(1701 – 1707) University College
two
The Rev. Samuel Andrew
(1656–1738)
(1707–1719) (temporary)
three
The Rev. Timothy Cutler
(1684–1765)
(1719 – 1726) 1718/9: Renaming Yale College
four
The Rev. Elisha William(s)
(1694–1755)
(1726–1739)
five
The Rev. Thomas Clap
(1703–1767)
(1740–1745)
President
Birth – death
term of office
one
The Rev. Thomas Clap
(1703–1767)
(1745–1766)
two
The Rev. Naphtali Daggett
(1727–1780)
(1766–1777) (temporary)
three
The Rev. Ezra Stiles
(1727–1795)
(1778–1795)
four
Timothy Dwight IV
(1752–1817)
(1795–1817)
five
Jeremiah Day
(1773–1867)
(1817–1846)
six
Theodore Dwight Woolsey
(1801–1899)
(1846–1871)
seven
Noah Porter III
(1811–1892)
(1871–1886)
eight
Timothy Dwight V
(1828–1916)
(1886 – 1899) 1887: Renaming Yale University
nine
Arthur Twining Hadley
(1856–1930)
(1899–1921)
ten
James Rowland Angell
(1869–1949)
(1921–1937)
eleven
Charles Seymour
(1885–1963)
(1937–1951)
twelve
Alfred Whitney Griswold
(1906–1963)
(1951–1963)
thirteen
Kingman Brewster, Jr.
(1919–1988)
(1963–1977)
fourteen
Hanna Holborn Gray
(1930– )
(1977–1977) (acting)
fifteen
A. Bartlett Giamatti
(1938–1989)
(1977–1986)
sixteen
Beno Schmidt
(1942– )
(1986–1992)
seventeen
Howard R. Lamar
(1923– )
(1992–1993) (acting)
eighteen
Richard C. Levin
(1947– )
(1993– )
School running strength
Announce
edit
School running concept
Yalehumanistic education One of its goals is to cultivate students' humanistic feelings - a rational attitude to explore the true meaning of life, that is, to care about the realization of life values, human freedom and equality, and harmony between man and society, nature, etc.Therefore, on Yale's school emblem, the words "light and true knowledge" are written, that is, to inherit EuropehumanitiesTradition is cultivated for the church, more specifically for justice and the peopleclergy——At Yale in 1701CharterIt said that the purpose of education is to enable young people to "serve the church and public utilities".Richard Levin, the current president, also said: "Let young students use their academic, artistic and other professional achievements to contribute to society and work for the improvement of human living conditions."
Campus life of Yale University
At the beginning of the 19th century, the United States proposed universitiesCurriculumPractical subjects should be emphasized. Many colleges and universities in the eastern United States have set up practical subjects.The wave of curriculum reform impacted American universities as well as Yale, which is known for its conservatism. It quickly responded to this wave. As a result, in 1828, under the leadership of President Jeremiah Dai, Yale published the famous《Yale Report》。
The Yale Report strongly affirms thatClassical disciplineThe main value of humanistic education is to reject scientific practical education, claiming that "nothing is more practical than good theory, and nothing is more useful than humanistic education,In collegeThe teaching courses offered for undergraduates do not include vocational science, and specialization must be started later... Mental training will make students more responsible to society ".The report is hostile to practical vocational and technical courses, and insists that extensive and in-depth study of common subjects is of great benefit to students to form good education and humanistic care.
The Spring in New Haven
《Yale Report》The publication ofHigher EducationThe world has had a tremendous impact.In the early 19th century, GermanFreedom of learningThe impact on the United States is quite profound. American universities not only accepted the concept of freedom of learning, but also for the first time through the establishment ofElective systemandCredit systemInstitutionalize freedom of learning.However, the establishment of elective system in the United States experienced a tortuous process.As early asthomas jefferson Times,William Mary CollegeandUniversity of VirginiaHave been used successivelyElective CoursesHowever, these early reforms soon stopped because of the publication of the Yale Report in 1828.
In order to adhere to the academic mission of the university to pursue truth and increase knowledge, Professor Schmidt, who served as the president in 1986, stressed that Yale must adhere to the absolute freedom of thought and the unshakable belief in academic pursuitschool's opening ceremonyIt stressed that Yale freshmen should accept the newUniversity concept。Yale regards it as the lofty goal of university moral education to train students to become "responsible citizens" who have patriotism and can fulfill their responsibilities and obligations to the country. It emphasizes that students must have the "national spirit" of the United States, be proud of the strength of the United States every moment, and do their duty for it“Americanization”。
Some fields that have been neglected or challenged in quantitative reasoning, such as race andethnic minority、female sexEtc.More than 100 students participate every year.
School spirit
As President Richard Levin said, "Educating people to serve the society does not mean that education must focus on masteringpracticabilitySkills.Yale seeks to provide students with a broad and free educational world view, rather than narrow and restricted vocational education, so that they have moreLeadershipandService awareness。Yale University is also a community of mutual respect and learning, and values free expression and exploration of the world.The interaction mode of people in this community also serves the society. "[1]
Student educational system
(1) Course characteristics
Yale attaches great importance toUndergraduate educationTherefore, Yale College is the core of Yale education, and all professors offer undergraduate courses.Each year, more than 65 departments and programs provide more than 2000 courses for undergraduates, many of which are the best from Yalehistorian、literary critic 、scientist、engineer、mathematician、artist、composer、poetandsociologistThe academic atmosphere is extremely friendly and active, which is unimaginable in research universities that do not pay attention to basic teaching.
Although Yale respectstraditional educationHowever, there is no specific curriculum requirements for students, nor is there any so-calledcore curriculumInstead, it is a more relaxed course selection system.Yale requires students to learn in both depth and breadth: depth means students should learnSpecialized courses；Broad, that is, students should carry out three fields (namely humanities and arts, natural sciencesocial sciences）And learning three skills (writing, quantitative reasoning, foreign language).Yale offers 80 professional courses and 53 foreign language courses for students.
At Yale, entry-level courses are usually some large lectures, as well as some small seminars hosted by graduate students.Some courses were warmly welcomed by students, such as Professor John Gaddis's Cold War History, which looked like a performance.High level seminar courses are usually small class and numerous.Senior students need not worry about not being able to choose their favorite courses.FreshmanFreshman Seminar It also gives freshmen full opportunities to communicate with professors.Most of the courses here are very interesting and exciting.
In the first two weeks of the semester, students can go to different classes and decide which classes to take.Yale requires students to have a medium level command of a foreign language, so each student should learn a foreign language for at least one semester, and then determine whether to learn another semester or two according to their own learning situation.
"FreshmenSeminar”(Freshman Seminars) is a small class, some of which are held by Yale senior professors.Some discussionsClass meetingGive a general introduction to learning in special fields, and some seminars will discuss interdisciplinary coursesresearch method。
Directed Studies is aboutWestern CivilizationInterdisciplinary programs for freshmen, including literature, philosophy and historypolitical thought In these three one-year courses, students can read important works of western tradition.Excellent students who are particularly interested in liberal arts can ask to join this project, but they must be prepared to have close contact with books, which is why this project has a terrible nickname called "guided suicide project".
“science and engineering"Perspectives on Science and Engineering" is an optional lecture and discussion course for science and engineering freshmen. The one-year course enables freshmen to carry out extensive exploration of cutting-edge scientific topics, while building a bridge for freshmen to join the Yale Science Society.Students who are particularly interested in science can participate in this strengthening project.
Science and Engineering Undergraduate Research is a research course.Yale is a world-class research university with independent scientific research, engineering research and design projects for Yale undergraduatesscience educationAn integral part of.YaleCollege of Arts and SciencesThe Medical College and the Forest and Environment Research College have 43 degree awarding programs and more than 800 department laboratories. Science and engineering freshmen can start their initial scientific research in their first year of enrollment.The annual freshman summer research scholarship can provide financial support for more than 100 science and engineering students.
The "STARS" (Science, Technology, and Research Schools) project provides undergraduate students with scientific research, curriculum based research and guidanceSkill developmentThe comprehensive study of provides an opportunity.This program supports students to study natural science
(2) Undergraduate courses
● Systems Science and Theory
● Spanish Language and Literature
● South Asian Languages and Literatures
● Sociology
● Russian Studies
● Russian Language and Literature
● Religion/Religious Studies
● Psychology, General
● Portuguese Language and Literature
● Political Science and Government, General
● Physics, General
● Philosophy
● Near and Middle Eastern Studies
● Music, Other
● Music, General
● Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other
● Molecular Biology
● Middle/Near Eastern & Semitic Lang. & Lit.
● Mathematics, General
● Mathematics and Statistics, Other
● Mathematics and Computer Science
● Linguistics
● Latin Language and Literature
● Latin American Studies
● Jewish/Judaic Studies
● Japanese Language and Literature
● Italian Language and Literature
● International Relations and Affairs
● Humanities/Humanistic Studies
● History, Other
● History, General
● German Language and Literature
● Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other
● French Language and Literature
● Forest Sciences
● Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics
● Fine Arts and Art Studies, Other
● Film/Cinema Studies
● English Language and Literature/Letters, Other
● English Language and Literature, General
● Engineering, General
● Engineering Science
● Engineering Physics
● Engineering Mechanics
● Electrical, Electronics and Communications Eng.
● Economics, Other
● Economics, General
● East Asian Studies
● East Asian Lang., Lit., & Linguistics
● Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General
● Computer and Information Sciences, General
● Computer Science
● Computer & Information Sciences & Support Services
● Comparative Literature
● Cinematography and Film/Video Production
● Chinese Language and Literature
● Chemistry, General
● Chemical Engineering
● Biophysics
● Biomedical/Medical Engineering
● Biomedical Technology/Technician
● Biology/Biological Sciences, General
● Biological Immunology
● Biochemistry
● Astrophysics
● Astronomy
● Art, General
● Art History, Criticism and Conservation
● Area Studies, Other
● Architecture (BArch, BA/BS, MArch, MA/MS, PhD)
● Archaeology
● Applied Mathematics
● Anthropology
● Ancient/Classical Greek Language and Literature
● American/United States Studies/Civilization
● African-American/Black Studies
● African Studies
Postgraduate courses
● Theology/Theological Studies
● Theological Studies & Religious Vocations, Other
● Systems Science and Theory
● Statistics, General
● Spanish Language and Literature
● South Asian Languages and Literatures
● Sociology
● Slavic Lang. & Lit. (Other Than Russian)
● Russian Studies
● Religion/Religious Studies
● Public Health, General (MPH, DPH)
● Psychology, General
● Portuguese Language and Literature
● Political Science and Government, General
● Plant Genetics
● Physics, General
● Physician Assistant
● Philosophy
● Pharmacology, Human and Animal
● Pathology, Human and Animal
● Organizational Behavior Studies
● Operations Research
● Nursing-Registered Nurse Training (RN/ASN/BSN/MSN)
● Neuroscience
● Near and Middle Eastern Studies
● Music, Other
● Music, General
● Molecular Biology
● Middle/Near Eastern & Semitic Lang. & Lit.
● Medieval and Classics and Classical Lang., Lit., & Linguistics
● Chemistry, General
● Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology
● Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences
● Business/Managerial Operations, Other
● Biophysics
● Biomedical/Medical Engineering
● Biology/Biological Sciences, General
● Biological Immunology
● Biochemistry
● Astronomy
● Art History, Criticism and Conservation
● Architecture (BArch, BA/BS, MArch, MA/MS, PhD)
● Archaeology
● Anthropology
● Animal Physiology
● Animal Genetics
Professorship
The most important management characteristics of Yale are“Professorship”This feature has had a tremendous impact on the American higher education community.At the beginning of its establishment, Yale gradually formed through the efforts of three generations of principalsBoard of DirectorsNot specifically involved in school administration, butProfessorshipThe laws and regulations governing the school.In the United States at that time, there was a saying:“PrincetonDirectors in powerHarvardThe president is in charge, and Yale professor is in charge ".
Yale University
For more than 300 years, Yale people have been trying tospirit of independenceProud not to compromise with external political pressure and material inducements -- In the middle of the 18th century, when Thomas Clapp was president, he insisted that Yale was a nobleprivate schoolAnd emphasizes the independence of the university.To this end, he took all possible ways to resist the interference of local governments untilResort to law。During the Vietnam War in the 1960s,U.S. governmentOrder: All students who claim to oppose the war on moral or religious grounds are not allowed to receive scholarships.At that time, many famous schools in the United States followed the instructions of the government.Only Yale stands firmAcademic independenceAnd continue to consider the applicant's achievementsscholarshipThe sole principle of the government is to completely ignore the government's regulations.As a result, Yale lostfederal governmentA large amount of funds of the Company have been in financial trouble for several times, but their beliefs remain unchanged.Richard Levin, the current president, also refused the donation of US $20 million without hesitation because the donors put forward additional requirements for the courses offered by Yale and the appointment of professors.
Even in the former presidentBushWhen invited back to their alma mater to receive an honorary doctorate in law, Yale professors and students also publicly expressed theirObjectionsOn May 21, 2001, the traditional graduation day, when the president announced that Bush would be awarded the honorary Doctor of Laws, the students responded with laughter, boos and whistlesFresh graduatesThey also put up a big banner saying: "We have won our degrees, so don't let our degrees depreciate." They also held a placard to denounce the Bush administration's policies on environment, death penalty, abortion and other issues.About 200 professors collectively signed their names and refused to attendgraduation ceremonyHe believes that whether Bush or the school authorities did so purely to seek fame, because according to Bush's performance and achievements in school, he is not qualified to accept such aHonorary title。
University Of California Former PrincipalTian ChanglinProfessor once said: "In the United States, there is a kind of understanding that which school has a strong faculty will become the most famous school in the future." Professor governance is not only controlled by Berkeleylook up to as the standard, which Yale has worshipped for more than 300 years.
Development cooperation
Yale University and 45 universities, research institutes, government agencies andNon profit organizationMore than 60 cooperation projects have been carried out.[23]
Research reputation
Announce
edit
Reputation profile
As of October 2020, 65 professors, researchers and alumni of Yale University have wonNobel Prize。[10]The economist Jialin Kupumans, who has written works on mathematical economic theory, discusses the conditions under which the economy plays the best role;George Ballard, a cell biologist, developed a tissue preparation method and discovered several cell structures;chemistLars Onsager , put forward the theory of irreversible chemical process;physical scientistMurray Gelman, completely put forwardSubatomic particleTheoretical knowledge;writerSinclair LewisHis important works include The Main Street, Babbitt, Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, etc;John Enders, a microbiologist, successfully cultivated poliovirus on non nerve tissue culture;physical scientistErnest O. Lawrence , invented the first high-energyParticle acceleratorJujubecyclotron；Dickinson Richards, a physiologist, improved and used cardiac catheterization technology;geneticistJoshua Ledberg, discovered the organization and recombination mechanism of bacterial genetic material;Edward Tatum, a biochemist, has studied that genetic mutations affect the nutritional requirements of certain bacteria, yeasts and molds;The physicist Willis Lamb Jr. made quantum electrodynamics more accurate through experiments;MicrobiologistMax Theiler , Yesyellow feverSuccessful research;biologistSidney Altman It is proved that riboacid can catalyze the chemical reaction of cells.
The following is a detailed ranking of Yale University in various fields.Yale Universitysocial science , law, public policy, art andBasic disciplineMost famous,science and engineeringIt is relatively weak in the top universities in the United States.
(4) 2019-20 Academic Ranking of Soft Science World Universities:
Science and Engineering
World ranking
social science
World ranking
mathematics
51—75
economics
ten
physics
forty-eight
Law
two
Chemistry
51—75
political science
seven
biology
eleven
Psychology
eight
ecology
forty
Sociology
fifteen
Computer Engineering
201—300
statistics
twenty-eight
clinical medicine
twenty-eight
finance
thirty-nine
pharmacology
nineteen
education
101—150
Public Health
twenty-eight
Management
151—200
Academic resources
Yale University LibraryIs the largest in the United StatesResearch Libraryone of.Yale's library is located in 22 buildings, including SterlingMemorial LibraryAnd Beinecke Library.Yale Library has 11 million booksPapyrusreachElectronic databaseInformation on various media.Yale Libraryspecial reservationAnd famous, includingrare book, manuscripts, archives, maps, photos, audio-visual products, music scores, works of art and other uniqueresearch data 。Yale Library also has a growing number of digital collections.
Yale University Library
By querying the libraryonline catalogue Researchers around the world can know what kind of materials Yale University Library has.Yale's main online directory is Orbits.Orbits contains records of books, journals, and many other materials.Yale Law School Library has a separate online catalog called Morris.Search for special collections not recorded in Orbis or Morris, and researchers can useSpecial Collection Catalog。To find Chinese materials in various online catalogs, readers must useChinese PinyinNot Chinese characters.
Yale University LibraryIt is the second largest university library in the world, with a collection of 11 million books, located in 22 buildings, including the largest Stalin Memorial Library, Beinecke Ancient Books Library and Law School Library.The school is still hereNew HavenA library is set up in the suburbs to collect books that have not been used for a long time.
Located in the center of the university, the Sterling Memorial Library has a collection of 4 million books and is the center of Yale University library system.Beinecke Rare Books Library has the earliest movable type printed book found so fargutenberg bible 。Use of most books in the libraryLibrary of CongressSome earlier collections still use the Yale cataloging method.All collections are logged in to the Orbis directory system (the Morris directory system is also used for law school collections) and established with major libraries in the United StatesInterlibrary loanAgreement, and the next day delivery service with individual university libraries, so that professors and students can quickly get the materials they need.In addition, many facilities of the school are connected by the express service called Eli Express, and students can choose to pick up books and return books in any library.These services are free for undergraduate students and professors.
Cultural tradition
Announce
edit
School motto
The motto of Yale University isLux et veritas, which is translated into "truth and brightness" in Chinese, with special emphasis on the school mottoFreedom of thought。Yalehumanistic education One of the goals ofhumanistic spiritThat is, a rational attitude of pursuing the true meaning of life, caringValue of lifeThe realization of human freedom and equality, as well as the harmony between human and society, nature and so on.So the purpose is to enable young people to "Public utilitiesServices ".Richard Levin, the current president, also said, "Let young students use their academic, artistic and other professional achievements to make contributions to society and humanityLiving conditions"The school motto of Yale University is the same as that of the timesocial environmentofIn 1701, somepuritanThe priest initiated and founded Yale College in the wilderness of Connecticut colony in New England.They hope to educate new immigrants, develop their sects and expand their teachings by cultivating their own pastors.The "light" in Yale's motto of "pursuing light and truth" refers to "the light of liberal education", and "truth" refers to "the truth of the religious tradition of old New England", which fully reflects the historical background of Yale when it was founded.
school badge
In 1701, tenMethodist ChurchChristians（CalvinHe founded this university.New England, Hebrew, Greek andLatinThese three "Christian languages" are considered to beClassic language。Yale required all students to learnHebrewandGreek 。These two languages are still Christian theology students todayCompulsory courses。The schoollaw school, School of Arts, School of Music and School of Medicine.school badgeBooks andRibbonThe words on it are the school motto "Light and Truth", written in Hebrew and Latin respectively.
Yale University Logo
an association
Although students will spend most of their time studying, they can always find ways to relax.They can participate in manyExtracurricular activitiesAnd community activities. New York is less than an hour's drive from school. There is a train every hourbostonIt's also convenient, but most students still choose to participate in activities on campus on weekends.
Compared with its competitors, Yale is more popular with girls. All the purely male clubs or singing groups here have corresponding female groups.Yale students and alumniHarvard University、PrincetonThey are more open. They are never shy to express their views and are very concerned about hot topics around the world.
Yale has 50-60 officially registered campus art associations, catering to the interests of different people, such asBelly Dance, Classicalchamber music、Chinese calligraphyAnd fashion design.And YalechoirYale Drama Troupe, Yale Band, Oratorio, etc. are all traditional societies that have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of Yale College.
Students will spend a lot of time in newspapers, radio stations and computer centers.The singing group is especially famous for its sociability. Members will get together and drink on weekends, orspring holidaysTravel.Most secret organizations at Yale, such asSkull and Bones Association(Former President Bush is one of the members). There are mausoleum style meeting places. They will sendinvitation。
In large activities, drinking is strictly controlled, but in some small individual activitiespartyIt is not so strict.Film related associations will play films for students for free. The school's theater and performance center often organize performances of parade Broadway artists and song and dance troupes.In additionnatural history And the art museum for everyone to visit.
The students feel thatNew HavenIt is a perfect university town. Students here love sports. The competition between dormitory colleges is always the hottest. The winning team can get an exquisite cup.There are also 2000 Yale students who use their spare time as volunteers, interns and work study personnel to participate in various work in schools, hospitals, communities and shopping malls in New Haven.
In a word, Yale University is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Students earnestly implement the motto here - "for God, for the country, for Yale".Yale alumni have indeed fulfilled their promises. More than 70 American universities have presidents who are Yale graduates,Barack Hussein ObamaThe three previous US presidents also came from Yale.
Skull and Bones Association（Skull and Bones, The Order of Death, The Order, Cooperation Star, The Eulogian Club, and Lodge 322, The Skulls）
In the quiet campus of Yale University, there is aGreek TempleA small building with several narrow and long leavesSmall windowClosed all year round, the whole building is shrouded in deep mystery. This inconspicuous building is the most mysterious and powerful student club in America.This place is never open to the outside world. It always keeps its own unique color and elite style, and it also has a chilling name“Skull and Bones Association”。The Skull and Bones Association has an extremely mysterious membership rule, and what is more daunting is its membership list. From this Skull and Bones Association, there are three US presidents, two Supreme Court justices, as well as countless US legislators and cabinet officials.After 172 yearsMultiply, from the United StatesWhite House、congress、cabinetMinistries, the Supreme Court and evenCentral Intelligence AgencyMembers of the Skull and Bones Society are almost everywhere.
Skull and Bones Club emblem
When President Bush andthe Democratic Party of the United Statespresidential candidateJohn Kerry When competing fiercely for the presidency of the United States, Americans were surprised to find that although the two presidential candidates came from different parties and had different political opinions and platforms, they kept an amazing secretSkull and Bones AssociationKerry joined the Skull and Bones Association in 1965, and Bush joined the Skull and Bones Association two years later.Mysterious skeletons will begin to surface.
William Huntington Russell Graduated from Yale University in 1833, he later becameConnecticutLegislatureMembers and a general of the state's National Guard.While in Germany, Russell met the head of a secret society in Germany called "Skull and Bones Society".This club is a devil like descendant of a notorious prophet organization in Europe in the 18th century. However, Russell was deeply impressed by its purpose, spirit of membership, strict conditions for membership and organization mode.In 1832, Russell returned to Yale University. He decided to establish a club orfraternityMore ritual, more secret and more advocatingFreemasonryA club with the purpose of unity and mutual assistance.Then Russell gathered the most promising students in the classalfonso taft (Alfonso Taft later became Minister of DefenseGeneral inspectionOfficial, residentAustraliaMinister, residentRussiaAmbassadorWilliam Howard Taft Later, he became the 27th president of the United States, and he was a member of the 1887 session.After more than 170 years of self reproduction, the Cabinet and the Senatehouse, the Supreme CourtCentral Intelligence AgencySuch departments all control the "invisible empire" with the greatest power.In the "Skull and Bones Association", each member has his own nickname. For example, "Changmo" is the highest member of the Association, and "Magog" is the most experienced member of the Association. Bush enjoyed the "reputation" of Magog.As for George W. Bush, because other members didn't know what to call him when he joined the Association, they simply gave him the nickname "Temporary".
sports
Yale University sponsored 35 school level sports teams to participateIvyLeague, East American University Sports LeagueNew EnglandRegional Intercollegiate Sailing League.Yale University or the United StatesNCAA(National University Sports Federation).Same as othersIvy league Like member universities, Yale does not provide scholarships specifically for athletes, nor does it become a member of basketball andAmerican footballOf the top teams.However, Yale University is AmericanFootballWalter Camp, the player and coach at that time, started fromrugbyAnd English football.Yale has a large number ofSports facilities, including the Yale Stadium (also known as the "Yale Bowl" because of its shape, which is also the first such stadium in the United States), Walter Camp Field Sports Center, Payne Whitney Sports/Fitness Center, CorinthianYacht Club(Founded in 1881, it is the first university yacht club in the world, and has cultivated manyOlympic GamesAthletes).
Yale University Mascot
The mascot of Yale University is called "Handsome Dan"bulldogAs a fierce hunting dog, it represents the school'sSportsmanship。Handsome Dan usually appears in major sports competitions, especially in the famous "Yale" every year-HarvardBig ball game ".Many songs played at Yale University in sports competitions have the lyrics of "Bulldog, Bulldog, Bow Wow Wow!".After the death of each Handsome Dan, the school will make specimens and display them in Payne Whitney Gymnasium and other places, and then select brave and powerful people nationwidebulldogSuccession.He succeeded on April 26, 2005.
Yale University also has a brass band of honor to support Yale athletes.The band performs at all home football matches, and many other matches.
Yale College's amateur sports league matches among the 12 residential colleges are an important part of students' life, and also an important part of many long-standing academic disputes (a friendly competitive relationship).Each year is divided into three seasons, including autumn, winter and spring. Each season includes more than ten events, of which about men and women compete together.In addition to the formal events, sports competitions also includebowling，BilliardsEtc.At the end of each academic year, the college with the highest score will be awarded the Tyng Cup.
Most of Yale's ancient buildings aregothic style Most of them were built between 1917 and 1931.A large number of reliefs show college life at that time: there are writers who meditate, athletes who rush, and tea drinkersSocial flower, students who doze off while reading, etc.The sculpture in the Yale Law School Building (officially known as the Sterling Law Building) also shows some contemporary scenes, including the scenes of police chasing robbers and arresting prostitutes.In order to make the building look old, the architect James Gamble Rogers poured acid on the stone wall, deliberately broke the glass and used the medieval method to make up, and also artificially added many emptyDecorativenicheIt seems that the sculpture has been lost for a long time.Although most of the buildings on Yale's central campus are medievalarchitectural style, using largeStoneIn fact, most of them were used in 1930Steel structure frame, the only exception isHarkness Tower , 216 feet high.At the time of construction, it was the highest all stone structure in the world.The tower was reinforced in 1964 to install Yale Memorial Group clocks inside, totaling 54.Today, the clock is played by a special student group of Yale University at 12:30 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. every day, and the selected music ranges from classical group bell music to Beatles.
The oldest building on the campus is in Georgia style and seems more modern.This building, called "Connecticut Hall", was built in 1750 and is now located in Old Campus, where the Department of Philosophy is located.Other Georgian style buildings on the campus include Timothy Dwight, College Pierson College and Davenport College (excluding the elevation along York Street, belonging toGothic style）。
BeineckeAncient WorksA good bookDesigned by Gordon Bunshawt, the library is the world's largest library dedicated to collecting rare ancient books.The stack room on the sixth floor above the ground of the library is composed of a glassCubeThe glass cube is surrounded by a larger "box" that does not touch it.The walls of this building are made fromVermontIt is made of translucent marble, so it can be slightly bright inside the embassy to prevent other harmful rays in the sun from damaging the library books.One in the squareSunken courtyardSculpture inIsamu NoguchiThe design represents time (pyramid), sun (ring structure) and probability (inclined cube).
Eero Saarinen, a famous architect who graduated from Yale University (once designed the famousLarge arch、Washington Dulles International AirportMain buildingManhattanCBSBuilding) designed Ingalls of Yale UniversityrinkAnd the latest twoResidential collegeMorse and Ezra Stiles.These inspirations come fromItalyThe modern architecture of the mountain city San Gimigiano is in sharp contrast to other Gothic style buildings.
In addition, the Payne Whitney Sports/Fitness Center of Yale University is the largest gymnasium in the world today, including the swimming pool and the ski pool,Basketball Gym, Gym,Fencing HallEtcOlympic events, including threeNorth AmericaThe only permanent glass of the highest standardSquash courtAnd other world-class equipment.These devices are free for undergraduate students, while graduate students need to charge some fees.
(2) Catering
There are 14 restaurants on Yale campus (Dining Hall).Customers can watch and supervise the whole cooking process, and every dish is fresh and delicious.self-serviceYou can also match it freely according to your taste and mood.Most of the employees of Yale Restaurant work here, and they are full of passion and love for their work.From the menu of the restaurant, we can see their diligent pursuit of nutrition balance, and even realize their vision for the sustainable development of the earth.Almost every Yale student has no complaints about their diet.However, it should be noted that the restaurant is closed in summer, but other alternative dining points can be found on the school website.In addition to restaurants, there are more than 10 cafes and small restaurants on the campus, which are very romantic and a good place to relax and adjust your mood.In Durfee's, a cafe like KBT is absolutely relaxing and enjoyable, making people linger.Each family has its own style and sentiment, and the snacks provided are also diverse. I hope you can experience them personally.
Yale University Restaurant
(3) Accommodation
Yale University implements similarOxfordandUniversity of CambridgeOf“Residential college”System.Freshmen are randomly assigned to 12 residential colleges of Yale University. Except for a few special circumstances, all students will live in the college for four years (freshmen and sophomores must live in dormitories).Every student living on campus feels as comfortable as at home, and there are many good friends who live happily, which makes their years of studying and living at Yale very different.As a student named Tori said, "I have forged an unprecedented close friendship with the people here, making my four years of college life more beautiful and happy. I think I will become good friends with them all my life." Each college has its own complete and advanced facilities and completely different styles, including restaurants, libraries, gyms, art studiosPiano room, camera darkroom, computer room, laundry room, billiard table tennis room, student kitchen. Most colleges also have their own cinemas or theaters, rock climbing roomsSquash HallandSauna room, open to students of the college 24 hours a day.Yale's Dormitory College (that is, everyone's dormitory) is the center of undergraduate social circleUndergraduate educationThe most attractive part of.The dormitory college system, sponsored by Yale alumnus Edward S. Harkness and based on the Cambridge and Oxford systems, divides undergraduate students into 12 independent dormitory buildings, each of which has about 450 students, providing students with a closer learning and living community, so that they can have a small environment in the dormitory area and share itResearch University The vast resources of.Each college has a master and a dean who are respectively responsible for the students'social affairAnd learning life.Every week, the presidents of each hospital also invite celebrities in various fields to holdTea Party, known as "Master's Tea", which can be attended by undergraduate students. There are many celebrities invited from the United States and even the world in politics, business, sports, entertainmentSocial public welfareAnd other famous figures in various fields.
In addition, Paul Mellon, a graduate of Yale 1929, founded the Yale British Art Center out of his great admiration and love for art. He donated his famous paintings and other treasures collected for many years, making the center the largest British art museum in the United States.playwrightElia KazanHe is a famous American director and writer, and graduated from Yale Theater Academy.He directed Death of a Salesman《Streetcar Named Desire》He won the reputation for the films "Gentlemen's Consultation" and "Waterfront"Oscar Award。
The number of Yale people who serve as leaders of American enterprises is far more than that of other universities,Aircraft designerAnd entrepreneurs BoeingCoca Cola CompanychairmanRobert GoizuetaInternational investor Rogers, TIMES founder Henry RuthFedExfounderFred Smith 、IBMJohn Ax, the former chairman of the company, is well-known in the world.
Yale is most proud of the students of 1773, who are called national heroes by AmericansNathan Hale 。Nathan Hale with fervent patriotic enthusiasmAmerican Revolutionary WarChina was arrested and punished when going deep into the British defense line to collect informationhanging。Before he died, he left the heroic words handed down from generation to generation: "My only regret is that I can only devote one life to my motherland."
