synonymTexas, USA(Texas, USA) generally refers to Texas
Texas (English: State of Texas), also translated as Texas, is the largest state in the southern United States and the second largest state in the United States, second only to TexasAlaska。The desire for independence is stronger.[15]
The name of the state comes from the Indian HasinaiCaddoanThe word "tejas" means "friend" or "ally".SpainOfGo!ExploreWhen naming Texas, I mistook the word that should have been a person for a place name, so I continued to use it.
Texas in the United States originally belonged toMexicoBefore 1821, Texas was part of the New Spanish Viceroy (the Spanish colony).After Mexico's independence, Texas became part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas.Since the 1920s, a large number ofU.S.AImmigrants poured into Texas.
State emblem
On December 20, 1835, the Texans signed the first declaration of independence in Goliath.Then the Mexican government banned the existence of slavery. These slave owners were not satisfied, so Texas officially declared independence on March 2, 1836, establishingRepublic of Texas 。The United States recognizes the Republic of Texas,MexicoIt did not recognize the independence of Texas and announced that it would reintegrate Texas into its territory. Texas maintained its independent position and stressed thatRio GrandeIt is its border.britainAttempts to mediate the dispute were unsuccessful because Mexico refused to recognize Texas.
In 1845, the United States announced that ifRepublic of Texas The United States will recognize the Rio Grande as its border if it is willing to join the United States.In the same year, Texas joined the United States and became the 28th state of the United States.[1]
administrative division
Announce
edit
The location of the state on the map of the United States
HoustonIt is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States. The Greater Houston area is the fifth largest metropolitan area in the United States.The Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan area is the largest in Texas and the fourth largest in the United States.San Antonio is the second largest city in Texas and the seventh largest city in the United States.[2]
geographical environment
Announce
edit
terrain
Texas
The state can be divided into four mainGeographical region: West Bay Coastal Plain, Northern Central Plain, Great Plain, and Pecos District.One third of southeast Texas belongs to the West Bay coastal plain;The central plain in the north extends from the central part of Texas to the Panhandle in the eastern half, basically including hills and valleys without trees.Located in the west of the northern central plain, the Great Plains is part of the prairie that extends all the way to Canada.Pecos District, located in the west of Texas, is a magnificent dry area composed of rocks.[3]
Texas is basicallyTemperate climate, some areas in the south areSubtropical climateIt is warm in winter and hot in summer, and the average temperature varies greatly from region to region.Rainfall varies from place to place, with an average annual rainfall of 666mm.The area near the sea is wet and the interior is dry.There are heavy rains in the east and north in summer, and tornadoes in the north from April to June every year.The coastal area of the southeast Gulf of Mexico is more than June to November every yearhurricane。[2][4]
natural resources
Announce
edit
The amount of natural gas resources to be discovered in the Banit shale of the Mississippi system in the Fort Worth Basin in north central Texas has the potential to increase reserves.In the Bend Dome Fort Worth Basin, the definition of the Barnett Paleozoic total oil and gas system includescarbonate rocks And organic matter rich Barnett shale, the main source rock of clastic rock oil and gas reservoirs.By the end of 2005, about 3500 vertical wells and 1000 horizontal wells had been completed, of which more than 85% were completed after 1999.[5]
Texas ranks first in the United States for wind power generation.[6]
Population and nationality
Announce
edit
The residents of Texas are often called "Texans".In English, Texas and Texas have different meanings.Texas refers to the citizens of the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1845, and Texas refers to the Texans when Texas was one of the states of the United States after 1845.
In the 2003 census, there were 22118509 people in Texas.Nearly one-third of them areLatino （en:Latinos）。Some of these Hispanic residents are immigrants from Mexico, and most of them are illegal immigrants.Many more are from Brazil.As for other residents, Tejano people (Tejano or Texano, "Texas" in Spanish) have lived here for a long time before the independence movement of Texas.
The racial proportion of Texas can be divided into:
According to the census, among the ancestors of Texas residents,Mexican(24.3%), followed byAfrican American （11.5%）、a german(9.9%), Americans (7.2%)Irish（7.2%）。
Political system
Announce
edit
administrative system
US Senator John Corning of Texas
The administrative department of a state is composed of the governor, deputy governor, auditor general, director of land administration, justice and secretary of state affairs.The Governor, the Deputy Governor, the Auditor General, the Director of Land Administration and the Chief Justice are elected for a four-year term and can be re elected.The secretary of state is appointed by the governor.The state legislature consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.The term of office of the senator is four years, and one half of the term is re elected every two years;The term of office of the House of Representatives is two years, and all members are re elected every two years.Texas has 31 state senators and 150 representatives.The Vice Governor concurrently serves as the President of the Senate, and the President of the House of Representatives is elected by the House of Representatives.All Texas members of the House of Representatives serve concurrently. The state legislature has a regular session every two years. The session starts on the second Tuesday in January of every odd numbered year and lasts for 140 days.The Governor has the right to convene special sessions for 30 days.The judiciary of Texas includes the Supreme Court, the Criminal Court of Appeal and 14 civil courts of appeal.The judges of these courts are elected.[2]
Lieutenant governor：David Duhurst（David Dewhurst）。republican.He was elected as the deputy governor of Texas in 2002, ran for re-election in 2006, and was re elected in the 2010 US mid-term elections until 2014.
Secretary of State: John Steen.Republican, governor in November 2012Rick PerryAppointed Secretary of State.
Texas plays an important role in the US economy. In 2012, its GDP reached US $1397.4 billion (with a year-on-year growth of 4.8%, the second largest growth rate in the US), accounting for 9% of the US economy and the second largest among the 50 states in the US.It is known as the "leader" of American economic recovery.In history, the cattle industry was developed, and Texas was famous for its cowboy image.The great discovery of oil in the early 20th century contributed to the economic prosperity. Since the 1980s, the economy has been diversified and high-tech industries have emerged.The energy, petrochemical, agriculture, electronics, aerospace, biomedicine and other industries in Texas are relatively developed.《wealth》57 of the top 500 enterprises have settled in Texas.[2]
Industry
Texas is famous for its energy and petrochemical industry and is the largest energy and chemical state in the United States.The output of oil and natural gas respectively accounts for 1/3 and 1/4 of that of the United States, and the refining capacity accounts for 1/4 of that of the United States.Since the 1980s, Texas has pursued the policy of economic diversification. Although oil and natural gas are still the main industries in Texas, their proportion has declined, and high-tech industries have developed rapidly,Houston、San AntonioandDalasThe Triangle has become the second in the United States“silicon valley”Houston has developed into the largest medical training and treatment center in the United States and even in the world.Houston, Dallas Fort Worth, the San Antonio Austin corridor and the border between Texas and Mexico have become the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States.[2]
Texas is the state with the largest greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, which is mainly derived from a large number of coal power plantsRefineryAnd processing industry.[2]
Agriculture
Texas has developed agriculture, and its main agricultural products are cottonsorghumAnd other grains, vegetables and fruits.Texas has the largest livestock industry in the United States, mainly raising beef cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry.[2]
foreign trade
According to the statistics of the US Department of Commerce, in 2012, the total foreign trade of Texas was about 595 billion US dollars, of which the export was about 264.7 billion US dollars, up 5.6% year on year, accounting for 17.1% of the total export of the US.The top five export markets are Mexico (94.5 billion), Canada (23.8 billion), China (10.3 billion), Brazil (10 billion) and the Netherlands (9.6 billion).In 2012, the total import volume was about 330.3 billion US dollars, up 3.6% year on year, accounting for 14.5% of the total import volume of the United States.The top five import sources are Mexico (99.9 billion), China (40.7 billion)Saudi Arabia(20.1 billion yuan)Venezuela(19.1 billion yuan), Canada (16 billion yuan).[2]
social undertakings
Announce
edit
education
according toConstitution of the United StatesAmendment No. 10, the regulation of education falls within the scope of state legislation.But the US federal government also affects the state governments through legislation and conditional funding.For example, stop praying before class, and stopApartheid。Some legislation of the United States Congress will also affect state schools, such as those in 1990Americans with Disabilities ActAll public buildings and educational institutions are forced to provide services for the disabled, which makes the Texas Congress must also legislate to increase taxes to pay the corresponding fees.[9]
The main public university systems in Texas include: Texas University System, Texas A&M University System,university of houston System, Texas State University system, Texas University of Science and Technology system, Texas State Institute of Technology system, and some regional community college systems, such as Houston Community College system.The famous private universities are located in HoustonRice UniversityandBaylor Medical College。[2]
scientific research
Texas scientific research institutions have outstanding scientific and technological advantages in the fields of energy and chemical industry, health care, aerospace, biology, agronomy, electronics and new materials.
Houston, known as the "oil capital of the world", gathers R&D institutions of major energy companies in the United States.The most famous World Marine Technology Conference (OTC) in the offshore oil industry has been held in Houston every May since 1969.[2]
Texas Medical Center, located in Houston, is the largest medical city in the world, especially famous for basic research and clinical practice in the fields of tumor diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular, genomics, biological defense and infectious diseases, and biological nanotechnology.[2]
Johnson Space Center It is one of the nine major space centers in the United States, nowThe International Space StationThe ground control center is the American space manned flight control center and the main training base for American astronauts.[2]
AustinThe R&D of IT industry in Hedafu is among the best in the United States, and Austin has a famousscience and industry quarterAll major integrated circuit manufacturers in the United States have their chip design centers in this city.[2]
media
Local influential mainstream media include《houston chronicle 》、《dallas morning news 》Austin American Politician, etc.Major Chinese media include: World Daily, US South News Daily, Overseas Chinese News, US China Messenger, Huaxia Times, Beikeqin, World Celebrity Network, Time Chinese Radio, Texas Chinese Radio, etc.
Culture
Texas museums include: Yamun Carter Western Art Museum in Fort Worth, Jinbo Art Museum, Fort Worth Art Museum, and Fort Worth Science and Industry Museum;be locatedHoustonNatural Science Museum and Art Museum;The Natural History Museum in Dallasaquarium, Steam Age Museum, and Southwest Science and Technology Museum;El Paso Museum of History;And the Texas Memorial Museum in Austin, where you can hear all kinds of music, includingblues, Mexico, country, rock, and classical music.There are more than 20 symphony orchestras in the state, respectively located in Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, El Paso and other cities.In Houston, there is the Houston Grand Theater.Houston and Dallas also often hold theatrical performances, and troupes of universities and colleges across the state often launch various theatrical programs.
Transportation
Announce
edit
Texas
The transportation is convenient. The total length of roads exceeds 480000 kilometers, ranking first in the United States;There are more than 30 airports, among which Dafoe International Airport in Dallas is the second largest airport in the United States, and HoustonBush Intercontinental Airport It is the fourth largest airport.In addition, there are 29 seaports and inland ports in Texas, of which Houston Port is the largest foreign trade port in the United States, with the total throughput ranking second in the United States.Due to its unique geographical location, Texas is also an important trade hub connecting North America and Latin America.[10]
airport:Dallas Fort Worth International Airport、George Bush Intercontinental Airport 、Dallas Aitian Airport、Houston Hubby Airport。
expressway:US-59, I-45 (connecting Dallas, Houston to Galveston), US-77 (mainly in the southeast of the city of Corpus Christi), I-37 (limited to the southeast of San Antonio to Corpus Christi), I-35, US-281, US-287 (mainly in the north)Fort WorthtoAmarillo）US-87, I-27 (the PanHandle area in the northwest), US-90, I-10 (the traffic artery crossing the east and west of Texas, passing through San Antonio and Houston on the way from El Paso to Beaumont), I-20, I-30 (Dallas toArkansas）I-40 (PanHandle in the northwest).
Religion
Announce
edit
Religionally, 66% of the population in Texas believesprotestant、23%Roman Catholics1% OthersChristian% of believers, 1% of believers in other religions, 6% of believers;Protestants in Texas, includingBaptist ChurchThe highest (32%), followed byMethodist(9%), followed byDivine church（3%）。
Important events
Announce
edit
The President was assassinated
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
November 22, 1963, the 35th President of the United StatesKennedy He was assassinated in Texas.In 1991, famous movies were released in the United States《Assassinate Kennedy》Reflects the event.
Kennedy is generally regarded by the American people as one of the most outstanding presidents in American history“Top Ten American Cultural Idols”First.
fire
Explosion location
At about 7:50 p.m. on April 17, 2013 local time, an explosion occurred in a fertilizer plant in Texas, USA, causing multiple buildings to catch fire and hundreds of people were injured.At least two deaths were reported.[11]
Famous people
Announce
edit
America's famous pop queenbeyonce (Beyonce Giselle Knowles)[12]
