Northeast of the United StatesUnited States Census BureauThe U.S. Region as defined.The northeast of the United States faces the northCanada, west to central and western China, south toSouthern United States, eastwardAtlantic。This area is the most developed area in American industry and commerceurbanizationThe highest degree region, the largest metropolis in the United StatesNew York CityIt is located in this area.
The Northeast can also be divided into New England andMid Atlantic。SomeunofficialThese states are included in the Boston Washington metropolitan area, so sometimesMaryland, Delaware StateWashington DC、Virginia,, and West Virginia are included in this area (so it will vary from person to person), but the Census Bureau officially defines these states as part of the South Atlantic region.However, some narrow classifications only includeRegional restrictionsIn New England, the New York metropolitan area, and the Philadelphia area.althoughOhioThe vast majority of regions are classified under the Midwest, butClevelandThe region and northeastern Ohio are culturally (because of tradition and languageToneIs considered to be more inclined to the culture of the Northeast than other regions in the state.
The Northeast is the richest region in the United States.According to the information in 2004,United States Census BureauFive of the 10 wealthiest states in the United States are located in the northeast, according to the report.These five states are based onFamily incomeRanked:New Jersey(I), Connecticut (II)Maryland(Third), Massachusetts (Fifth), and New Hampshire (Sixth).according toBureau of Economic AnalysisAccording to the 2005 report, the top five states with the highest annual income per capita in the United States are: ConnecticutMarylandMassachusetts, New Jersey andNew York。In this region, New York City monopolized the United States in 2005gross domestic product8%.The states in this region have rich economic income, but most of the states have small population and area, except New YorkNew Jersey, andPennsylvaniaIn the top 10 countries in terms of population, no state is among the top 10 countries in terms of area.
Geography
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A view of the Delaware River.
The terrain and landscape in the northeast of the United States are very changeableNew EnglandOfrocky coastAfterpennsylvania From Allegheny Front toOhio RiverFertile farmland in the valley.Close toMaineThe Isles of Shoals on the state boundary of New Hampshire can be regarded as the beginning of the rocky shore of the Atlantic Ocean in the northeast.stayMaineThe northern coast ofsea levelThe difference is 100 feet;To the south of West Quody Head in Maine, also the easternmost tip of the United States, the rocky shore slowly becomesSand bankAnd has extended to the entire Atlantic coast of the northeastern United States.stayMassachusettsCape CodandNew JerseyThere are many large islands between May Cape, includingNantucket Island , Martha's Vineyard, Black IslandLong Island、ManhattanIsland, andStaten Island 。
Atlantic with four main riversDeltaLocated on the coast of this area:Delaware River, onNew YorkAt the border with New JerseyHudson River , ConnecticutConnecticut River , andMaineKannenbeck River.Kannenbeck River extends more than 100 kilometers inland to Maine, and its source is more thanAugusta。The Hudson River flows into the New York metropolitan areaPort of New YorkIts upstream can extend northward toCatskills Mountains Further north, you can findAdirondack Mountains Find its source.Mohawk River From its approachsyracuse The source of the river flows eastward and joins the Hudson River in the north of Albany City.
The highest elevation of the Catskill Mountain in New York State is 1274 meters
Connecticut River South along New Hampshire andVermontThe boundary flows throughGreen Mountain RangeAndWhite Mountains , passing southSpringfieldAnd HartfordConnecticutSouth bank injectionLong Island Bay。The highest peak in the northeast and the strongest wind in the United States is Mt. Washington in the white mountains of New Hampshire.The Old Man of the Mountain is also a famous geological scenic spot on the white mountains. Although this geological wonder collapsed in 2003, its image is still deeply impressed in the hearts of the people and the stateUS 50 state commemorative coinsOn.Going east of the Green MountainsNew YorkAndVermontThe state boundary is formed by glacial erosionChamplain LakeLake Champlain, the largest city in VermontBurlingtonIt's right by the lake.
Delaware RiverOriginating from Pocono Mountains and Castskill Mountains, Lehigh Valley, Triton, andPhiladelphia, and finally injected between Delaware andNew JerseyJunctionalDelaware Bay 。This river is alsoPennsylvaniaThe natural state boundary with New Jersey.Susquehanna River Starts in New York State and flows throughpennsylvania The Allegheny Plateau and the Pokono Mountains of PennsylvaniaMarylandThen it flows into Chesapeake Bay.
New EnglandThe dividing line between the United StatesGeographical regionThe most specific area in the.New England has the strongest cultural identity and very similartraditional custom。New EnglandAmerican historyPlays a very important role in.Since the end of the 17th century, New England has been the vanguard of the United States in many aspects. The politics, education, culture and new knowledge of this region can be said to lead the United States until the middle and end of the 18th century.At the same time, this area is also Americaneconomic center。
The first pioneers who came to New England were looking forReligious freedomBritainprotestant。This group of pioneers has brought its unique form of government - town meetings to this region.In town meetings, people can get together to discuss the important events of the day.Until today, there are still many town meetingsNew EnglandImportance of townsgovernment organization。
The importance of education in this region is well known.There are many world-famous schools in this area, 8Ivy League Four of them are in New England. In additionMassachusetts Institute of Technology、tufts university （Tufts University）,, and manyFamous universitiesAnd colleges.There is no area that can compare with such university density.The first university in the United StatesHarvard UniversityIn 1636cambridge found.Higher education institutions have brought a lot of well-educated talents to New England, and made the use of academic research funds in this area the highest in the United States, which has filled the New England areanatural resourcesThe shortcomings of the New England region make it the richest region in the United States.
When some of the original pioneers moved westward, many immigrants came fromCanada、Ireland、Italy, andEastern EuropeThe area moved into this area, but New England still maintained its original characteristics.For example, the simplelog cabinAnd the quaint white steeple church orAtlanticThe traditional lighthouses that can be seen along the coast are one of the characteristics of this area.The fantastic, changeable and unpredictable weather in this area and the red leaves in autumn are also its characteristics.New England has always been a popular tourist destination because of the culture and natural scenery in this area.Generally speaking, New England politics is more liberal, but it is still bound by its traditional culture.Because New England is the closest to the United StatesEnglandTherefore, this region is more open to European things and ideas than other regions in the United States.
Due to the location ofNew YorkNear the city,New EnglandThe southwest corner of the district (that is, one third of western Connecticut) is sometimes considered as a cultural andpopulation distributionUpper andMid AtlanticMore similar.
Mid Atlantic
There are manyheavy industryIn the early days of the United States, this region providedIndustryAnd the function of "melting pot" for immigrants from Europe.Many cities and towns have developed along the main transportation and waterway, includingHudson River New York City and the Delaware RiverPhiladelphia。
AndNew Englandcomparison,Mid AtlanticThe source of the pioneers is more complex.NetherlandsColonistOccupying the lower reaches of the Hudson River Valley, nowNew Jerseyas well asNew York。SwedenThe colonists landed at Delaware.Quakers(a branch of British Protestantism)PennsylvaniaStay, and as things changed, these areas were gradually controlled by the British colonialists.Because this area is rich inPopulation cultureThe history is quite complicated. Even though many immigrants have passed through several generations, they still have obviousCultural diversity。
Many people of different races walk on the streets of New York City
The cultural composition of the Northeast is slightly different from that of other parts of the United States, and it is not so simple.Southern United StatesMost of the population ispuritanHowever, the majority of residents in half of the northeastern states are Catholic,Rhode IslandThe density of Catholics is the highest in the United States.In addition to Catholicism, there are many other religions in the Northeast, such asNew YorkThere are quite a few Jews, andNew Jersey, Connecticut, MassachusettsPennsylvania、MarylandHave a prominent Jewish population[1]。
There are many different accents in the Northeast, including:
Boston accent , roughly including eastern Massachusetts, northwardMaine
The Northeast of the United States is the most ethnically diverse region in the United States. There are a large number of African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and a small number ofNative American 。New York City can be said to be the biggest reason for this ethnic diversity, because it is still the largest immigration entrance.stayUnited States Census BureauThe three largest cities in the Northeast within the definition (New York CityPhiladelphia, andboston）Have the same immigration structure: African Americans, Hispanics, Irish Americans andPuerto RicoDescendants.
Many immigrants from Europe live in the northeast, and white European immigrants living here often call themselves ethnic groups more than those living in other regions.MassachusettsBoston can be called the capital of Irish Americans, while New York CityBrooklynIt is famous for a large number of Italian Americans (although many of them have moved to the suburbs outside the city),ManhattanThere are manyjudeaEthnic residents.Although many Jews live inManhattanHowever, in the middle of the 20th century, Jews accounted for more than half of the white population living in Manhattan (at that time, half of the Jewish population in the United States lived in New York City).Pennsylvania Dutch (actually of German descent) live in Lancaster County.On the whole, the population of the Northeast is mainly composed of Jews, Italian peopleIrelandEthnic, German, andCanadian FrenchEthnic origin is dominant.MassachusettsNew Bedfordas well asNew JerseyOfNewark All have highPortugalEthnic population.
settlement
The skyline of Boston, a historic city in the northeastern United States.
The history of Northeast China is characterized by medium and large cities full of manufacturing industry, which are famous for their diversified cultures.However, many manufacturing industries have left the city due to the increasing cost, which has caused many cities to gradually sink andeconomic activityThe decrease of urban population caused byurbanizationPhenomenon.Of course, this kind of de urbanization can be seen all over the United States, but it is particularly obvious in the Northeast.Some cities began to show signs of revival after the transformation from manufacturing, for example, to the medical industryTechnology orientationIndustrial and educational development.
The Northeast is the first area of suburbanization in major cities in the United States after World War II, but many cities in the Northeast still have very strong urban characteristics in densely populated areas.The most typical and famous example is located in the east of New York CityLong IslandLevittown in the region, andNew JerseyThe expansion of suburban areas is also an important problem of the bottleneck of suburban development, and the problem of excessive suburban development can be traced to the long-term dependence of American society on cars and the public's dependence on VolkswagenTransport systemIgnored by.Although cars are still the main means of transportation for most people in the very suburban northeast,New York TransportationBut with its developedMass Rapid Transit SystemFeaturing, such as highUsageNew York Subway, if you add the subway that serves the metropolitan area of New YorkLong Island Railwayas well asMetro North RailwayThe huge mass railwaytraffic systemThe daily passenger volume of the network accounts for allAmerican RailwaysOne third of.
Today's northeast can be called a super metropolis belt, because the metropolis circles of major cities have already expanded to the scope of mutual integration, and this integration of metropolis circles has strengthened its economypolitic force, from New YorkWall StreetStock ExchangeWashington DCOfK StreetThe influence of the Northeast on the United States and even the world can be seen from the gathering place of lobby groups and the location of many famous schools.This metropolitan area is called the Boston Washington metropolitan area, which includes three major metropolitan areas: Boston, New York City, and Washington, D.C.In terms of transportation, No. 95Interstate ExpresswayThrough these three metropolitan areas and connecting them, the United StatesRailway CompanyNortheast Corridor provides railway transportation services for it.
In his book The Emerging Democratic Majority | The Emerging Democratic Majorityboston-Cities within the Washington Metropolitan Area are heading forCultural economyAnd political consistency, because Teixeira believes thatSocial integrationThe results of elections between cities and suburbs can bepopulation distributionChanges were observed.Although this is only a theoretical statement, we can actually observe the rapid increase of population and the closely connected foundationTraffic constructionFacilities can realize this theory, especially in connection with New York CityHudson River spaced New JerseyThe Gold Coast is visible.In response to the traffic congestion caused by the rapid population growth in this area, the state government built Hudson BergenLight rail railwaySystem, this LRT system andport authority The underground river crossing railway PATH and the railway and bus systems of the New Jersey Rapid Transit Corporation form a regional transportation systempattern of road distributionPut the wholeNew JerseyThe northern and coastal areas are connected to New York City, and there are plans to extend the light rail to Staten Island in the future.In addition,bostonAnd its suburbs also have a dense mass transportation system（MBTA）Connect them.In addition to the mass transportation system in individual metropolitan areas, cities and towns in the entire Northeast Corridor are managed by the American Railway Corporation and various state capitalsCommuter rail Connected.
Although there has been a lot of urbanization and suburbanization in the northeast, except for the metropolitan area near Interstate 95, there are still many areas that have not yet been urbanized and retain strong rural characteristics.The vast majority of upstate New York and even southward Westchester County are still rural areasNew YorkThere are also some famous wineries in Finger Lakes Region in the northern region. In fact, New York is still a state with a lot of agriculture, even until the end of the 20th century in New York CityQueensThere are still a few farms.Many small towns still exist in most areas, such as those in western MassachusettsBerkshire County 、Vermont, mostPennsylvaniaWest Maryland and New Hampshire.stayindustrial revolutionThe importance of previously important rural industries, such as agriculture and mining, has been greatly reduced, but these rural industries have not disappeared, and most of them have become tourism oriented orquality agriculture Therefore, this industry can still be found in the northeast.
Northeast United States
Economics
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Before World War II, although the Northeast of the United States lacked various natural resources, due to the historical factors of this region, the Northeast of the United States has always had abundant labor, markets, transportation, and capital construction, so industry has always been the main industry in this regionindustrial revolutionLater, along with the original locationNew EnglandOfTraditional industryDue to the rising cost of raw materials, it has changed greatly after being transferred to other states or foreign countries.In the few remaining industrial towns, many workers lost their jobs after moving out of the factory, but they are moving to high-tech computers andbiotechnologyIndustrial developmentUnemployment in this area has improved since then.The strong economic performance of the New England region and the massivehigh-incomeThe population can be attributed to a large number of outstanding talents educated by many excellent institutions of higher education in this region, but the slow population growth rate in this region may affect the futureWorking populationCausing negative impacts.New England's main industries aremedical and health workIndustry, followed byBusiness services、Educational services、Insurance, andElectronic industryThe biotechnology and communication industry is mainly concentrated in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts.
Jiaosheng Company Headquarters Building.
Mid AtlanticMany traditional heavy industries ofNew EnglandThe industry ofVerizon andIBMAnd inNew JerseyOfLucentTechnology andPfizerAnd inPhiladelphiaOfComcastCable TVInternet companies.In this region, New York City and Washington D.C. have different and more complex industries: most companies in New York City are related to finance or stock and securities transactions;Washington DC's main industry is mainly dependent onUS Federal GovernmentAnd relevant ministries.
On the whole, the main industries in the Northeast have been transformed fromTraditional industryTransform into high-tech andTechnology intensive industryAs well as the service industry, this change makes the human market in the northeast change its demand.The traditional industry in the past needed a lot ofLow techLabor, but new industries need highly trained talents, which makes it difficult for ordinary workers who lack skills training to find jobs.This large demand and market for high-tech talents has attracted talents from all over the world to the Northeast.
The Northeast is the richest region in the country, especially New York CityManhattanThe Upper East City can be regarded as the worldpersonal propertyThe most concentrated place.According to 2006statistical informationConnecticut is the richest state in the regionGDPIt is twice the same indicator as other poorest states.
The political trend in the Northeast of the United States is very obviousLiberalismIn 2004US Presidential ElectionMiddle John Kelly wonvoteClearly visible.Although the region is known for its liberal tendenciesPennsylvaniaIt's a swing state, becausepennsylvania It's not like other statesthe Democratic Party of the United StatesThe political territory of the state is divided equally between the two parties, sorepublican partyEither the Democratic Party or the Democratic Party could win the vote in Pennsylvania.In 2000presidential electionPennsylvania voted 51-49 for Goyle and the same proportion in 2004Kelly。The other one is also a bipartisan but smaller statenew hampshire , 2000George BushHe won Goyle by a small margin. In 2004, New Hampshire threw 51-49 to Kelly.
Past tendencies
See: New Democratic Party
In the past, the Northeast of the United States mainly supportedrepublican partyEspecially between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th centuryLaissez faireThe Republican Party at that time was basically opposed to trade unions andSlaveryDegrees.Civil WarThe economy from the late 1930s to the 1930sGreat DepressionBetweenAmerican politicsThe stage can be said to be dominated by the republicans from the northeast and their affiliatesstakeholderCompletely occupied, and this overwhelming political force isindustrial societyIt brought huge benefits and wealth, but at the same time, it also led to hostility in other agricultural areas, which is still clearly visible today.
The major cities in this area tend to support the Republican Partycompetitorthe Democratic Party of the United StatesAnd is often deeply manipulated by the stakeholdersPolitical machineThe influence of operation, the most famous of which is Tammany Hall in New York City, can still be seen until the 1960s.From the 1790s until the second timeWorld WarThere have always been a large number of immigrants to cities in the northeast of the United States. These immigrants have made the population in this region rise rapidly. These immigrants also usually support the Democratic Party, making the Democratic Party have a huge political force in cities in the northeast.the Democratic Party of the United StatesBesides controlling the cities in the northeastAlso inSouthern United StatesOccupy advantages.Although the two forces supporting the Democratic Party sometimes held different ideologies in the historical process, there was no disagreement except for occasional minor disputes.The cooperation between the northern urban and agricultural southern forces can be said to be very contradictory to their respective ideas, because the Democratic Party in the north is usuallyIrelandDescendantcatholicAnd trade unions, but the Democratic Party in the south is whiteAnglo SaxonProtestants and Jim Crowe, who supports racial segregation（Jim Crow Laws）Composed of people.What unites these two conflicting parties is theirrepublican partyCommon aversion: Southern Democrats and farmers in the western front want to pursuePopulismAnd agricultural oriented policies, but this conflicts with the interests of the industrial society of the Republican Party in the Northeast;norththe Democratic Party of the United StatesPeople are strongly controlled by ethnic interestsPolitical machineOf which New York City andbostonOfIrelandThe ethnic group is the most prominent. The policy they support is not necessarily anti industrial, but it is obviously biased towards reducing the poverty of the working class, which means that they support trade union organizations.in additionRacismSometimes it is also a common feature of the two Democrats, because the South needs slaves to support its farm economy, and the white workers in the North are also worried about liberationBlack slavesAfter that, African Americans will flock to cities in the north in large numbers and replace the work of white workers.
Between the 1930s and the early 1990s, the Democratic Party, in addition to the support from trade unionsknowledge economyIn the white-collar society where non labor work is dominanteconomic policyThe aspect is considered too laissez fairesocial welfare）。World War IILater, many white-collar workers moved to the suburbs, which made their political ideas gradually inclinedrepublican partyWhile the city still keeps the right directionthe Democratic Party of the United StatesSupport;So the Republican Party was able to maintain its support in the Northeast for the rest of the twentieth century.In the 20th century, most regions outside the Northeast of the United States had always supported the Democratic Party, but in the 1970s, the success of Richard Nixon's Southern Strategy completely destroyed the support of other regions for the Democratic Party.In the early 1990s, after the Democratic Party began to change its economic policy, it achieved great success in the northeastern suburbs, which led to the suburbs becoming inclined to support the Democratic Party;And infederalPolitically, many voters in the Northeast also gave up their support for the Republican Party becauserepublican partyIt is considered to have an overly conservative and oppressive policy, but also becausethe Democratic Party of the United StatesThe newly proposed economic policy was welcomed by the northeastern society.Although the Republican Party is considered to be overly conservative in the federal aspect, the local Republicans in the Northeast are more biased than those in other regionsSocial liberalismIn addition, many governors in the Northeast are still Republicans, which is caused by tradition and the obvious social freedom preference of Republicans in this region.
Current trends
Atlas
At the end of the 20th century, politics in the Northeast of the United States was strongly supportedthe Democratic Party of the United StatesAs a result of the cooperation between various groups of color, these groups include the majority of the Catholic population. These people have a large number of well educated prominent figures from northeastern cities and live in large numbers of cities in the arts, politics, academia, civil rights, education and other aspectsethnic minorityThe population and social concepts are conservative, butEconomic conceptThe laissez faire blue collar class, and the social concept of freedomNew Jersey, ConnecticutMarylandAnd suburban New Hampshire.In 1992,Bill Clinton After he was elected President of the United States, his Democratic regime began to implement the policy of supporting enterprises, many of which were supported in the 1980srepublican partyThe white collar class of 40% also gradually turned to the Democratic Party.
Since the founding of the United States, the conservative South has been in sharp contrast to the Northeast's support for the Democratic Party.However, there is also a lot of political competition between the cities in the northeast and the suburbs surrounding the cities. Most of them are from the state government subsidies for competition between rural areas, suburban areas and urban areasPhiladelphiaIt is most obvious with New York City (see also: New York City State Separation Movement).But because Boston WashingtonUrban beltThe integration of cities caused by the expansion of metropolitan areas withinthe Democratic Party of the United StatesFactors such as the attitude towards enterprises gradually turning to supportUrban-rural gapIt is gradually shrinking.The difference between the city and the suburbs is becoming smaller and smaller. Many problems that only existed in the city in the past, such as gangs, overcrowding, and drug use, are also gradually emerging in the suburbs;In addition, the suburbs are no longer dominated by white people, and many towns are becoming more ethnically diverse.
fromAmerican Civil WarBetween World War I, the large population of the Northeast of the United States created a great influence on American politics in this region.Between the 1790s and World War II, the vast majority of American immigrants entered the United States through the Northeast. After arriving in the United States, a large number of immigrants stayed in the region, because most of the labor force at that timerequirementLarge industries gather in this area.New YorkBetween the 1800s and 1960s, New York had the largest immigrant population, which made New York the state ofPopulationMost states.After World War II, due to the rise of industrial costs in the Northeast, the reduction of available land, and the rise of powerful trade unions, many factories moved to other parts of the United States in succession, and a few industries further developed overseas.The emigration of industry led to the migration of population to the West Bank and the South.By the 1970s,CaliforniaThe population has surpassed that of New York State to becomeU.S. PopulationThe largest state;In 1994, the population of Texas also surpassed that of New York, making New York the third most populous state;According to statistical estimates,FloridaWill surpass by 2020New YorkMaking New York the fourth most populous state.Although New York City is still the largest city in the United States and the main immigration center, most of the immigrants today come fromLatin AmericaAnd their gathering landlordsArizona, California, Texas andNew Mexico。Major cities in the Northeast, such as New York City orbostonHave developed fineService orientationIndustrial economy, but other sub major cities, such as New Yorkbuffalo , it is still not caused by industrial relocationeconomic downturn Come out of the middle.
