Croissant（Strophanthus divaricatus(Lour.) Hook. & Arn.），It's an oleander[4]Genus shrub[5]。The whole plant is hairless, the upper branches spread, the twigs are cylindrical, brown or dark purple, and densely covered with gray white round lenticels;Leaves thin papery, elliptic oblong or elliptic;Cymes terminal, glabrous;Follicles widely forked, woody, elliptic oblong;The seed is spindle shaped and flat;Seed coat with luster;florescenceMarch July;The fruiting period is from June to February of the next year.[6]Yangjiao Ao is named because it is woody and has two forked horns.[7]
Yangjiao is distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces and regions in China, as well as Vietnam and Laos.[8]It likes sunshine and warmth, drought and humidity tolerance, fertilizer and grows well in semi sandy soil.The main method of reproduction of Yangjiao is seed reproduction.[9]
Yangjiao Ao is mainly used to dispel wind and dampness, dredge channels and collaterals, detoxify sore and kill insects.It is mainly used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, sequelae of poliomyelitis, bruises, carbuncle and scabies.[10]The whole plant is toxic, especially the seeds, which contain toxic cyclosporine ligands. Its toxic properties stimulate the heart and cause death by mistake.[11]Although Yangjiao Pao has lush green leaves and branches, it is one of the landscape fruit trees in Lingnan Basin.[12]
shrub, up to 2 meters high, the whole plant is hairless, the upper branches spread, the twigs are cylindrical, brown or dark purple, densely covered with gray white round lenticels.The leaves are thin and papery, elliptic oblong or elliptic, 3-10 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, with short acuminate or acute tip, cuneate base, full edge or sometimes slightly microwave shaped, dark green on the leaf surface, light green on the back, and hairless on both sides;The midrib is flat or concave on the leaf surface, slightly convex on the back of the leaf, and the lateral veins are usually 6 on each side, rising obliquely,Leaf marginFront junction;petioleShort, 5 mm long.
CymeTerminal, usually with 3 flowers, glabrous;Total pedicel length 0.51.5 cm;Pedicel 0.5-1 cm long;BractAnd bracteoles linear lanceolate, 5-10 mm long;Flower yellow;Calyx tube is 5 mm long, sepals are lanceolate, 8-9 mm long, base is 2 mm wide, top is long and acuminate, green or yellowish green, and there are glands at the base of the inner surface;The corolla is funnel-shaped, the corolla tube is light yellow, 1.2-1.5cm long, the lower part is cylindrical, the upper part is gradually expanded to be bell shaped, the inner surface is sparsely pubescent, the corolla lobes are yellow and curved outward, the base is ovate lanceolate, the top end is extended into a long tail band, 10 cm long, the base is 0.4-0.5cm wide, the inner surface of the lobes is a corolla composed of 10 tongue like scales, higher than the throat of the corolla, white yellow,Scales connate at the base of every 2, born between corolla lobes, truncate or slightly concave at the top, 3 mm long and 1 mm wide;Stamens are embedded at the base of crown eaves,filamentIt extends to the corolla tube and is rib shaped, pubescent, the anther is arrow shaped, the base is ear shaped, the top of the connective gradually becomes a caudate body, does not protrude from the throat of the corolla, the anthers are connected, and the abdomen is adhered to the stigma;Ovary semi inferior, composed of 2 free carpels, glabrous, style cylindrical, stigma stick shaped, the top is lobed, each carpel has many ovules;No disc.follicleBroadly forked, woody, elliptic oblong, gradually pointed at the top, swollen at the base, 10-15 cm long, 2-3.5 cm in diameter, green exocarp, black when dry, with longitudinal stripes;seedSpindle shaped, flat, 1.5-2 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, slightly wide in the middle, gradually narrow and extended into a beak at the upper part, 2 cm long beak, with white silky seed hairs on wheels;The seed coat is glossy, 2.5-3 cm long.The flowering period is from March to July, and the fruiting period is from June to February of the next year.[1][13]
Habitat
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Distributed in Vietnam, Laos and China;It is distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces and regions in China.Wild in hills and mountains, roadside forests or hillsides with an altitude of 50-400mbushesMedium.[1]Yangjiao Ao prefers humid soil environment, sparse shade environment, warm climate and cold climate. It grows well in the temperature range of 18-28 ℃, and the wintering temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃.[2][14]
Croissant
Reproductive methods
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The main breeding methods of the croissant areSeed reproduction。[9]This kind of plant mainly propagates by cutting, mostly in May June every year.It is necessary to harvest branches from healthy and disease-free mother plants with strong growth potential.First, cut the harvested branches into 10-12 cm long sections. Note that the lower cutting mouth should be close to the bud eye. If the cutting mouth is far from the bud eye, the cuttings do not like rooting.Then keep them at a proper distance and cut them on the seedbed covered with fine sand.In order to improve the survival rate, the seedbed should be equipped with arched scaffolding and covered with colorless plastic film for moisturizing.Frequently spray water to maintain air humidity, pay attention to shade, and avoid high temperature in the shed, otherwise it will affect the rooting of cuttings.Adopt semi lignified branches.Seeding method can also be used for seedling raising.[2]
cultivation techniques
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Field planting:The loose and fertile soil with good drainage should be selected as the cultivation substrate.The seeds and seedlings of Alnus angustifolia are mostly sown in spring.The place with open terrain, good drainage and sufficient sunshine shall be selected.It is better to open holes according to the row spacing of 50 cm and the plant spacing of 30 cm.Usually, one 3-year-old seedling is planted in each hole, slightly compacted after covering soil, and then watered thoroughly.[2]
Administration:The water supply should be ensured during the vigorous growth stage of the croissant.It has a large demand for fertilizer. In addition to applying base fertilizer at the time of planting, top dressing can be applied every 2-3 weeks during the vigorous growth stage.Receive scattered sunlight for at least 4 hours every day.Under good management conditions, the sheep horn is not easy to get sick and is less attacked by harmful animals.This kind of plant is perennial, with fast seedling growth and long life. The plastic plant can be planted in situ for more than 10 years.If there is a continuous weakening of growth and other phenomena, you can consider updating.Pay attention not to continue cropping, and it is better to change the land for planting.[2]
Key values
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medical
Yangjiao Ao is a medicinal cardiotonic, which can cure vascular sclerosis, bruises, sprains, rheumatoid arthritis, snake bites and other diseases;In agriculture, it is used as insecticide and poison sparrow rat, and the preparation of Yangjiao can be used for soaking seedlings and seed dressing.[1]
Watch
This plant can be planted in the courtyard in tropical areas, and is a good material for beautifying fences and walls.[2]Although Yangjiao Pao has lush green leaves and branches, it is one of the landscape fruit trees in Lingnan Basin.[12]
Phytotoxicity
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The whole plant is toxic, especially the seeds, which contain toxic cyclosporine ligands. Its toxic properties stimulate the heart and cause death by mistake.[1]
