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Grid computing

One kind of distributed computing

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grid Computing is a kind of distributed computing computer science 。 It studies how to put a huge Computing power The problem that can be solved is divided into many small parts, and then these parts are allocated to many computer Finally, these calculation results are combined to get the final result. current Distributed Computing The project has been used by thousands of volunteers around the world computer 's idle Computing power , via Internet , you can analyze the electrical signals from outer space, find hidden black holes, and explore possible extraterrestrial intelligent life; You can find more than 10 million digits Mason Prime number; You can also find and find more effective drugs to fight HIV. It is used to complete a huge project that requires an astonishing amount of calculation.^[1]

Chinese name: Grid computing

Foreign name: Grid computing
Classification: Computational science

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Distributed

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Distributed Computing Is using internet On computer It is a computing science that uses the idle processing power of CPU to solve large-scale computing problems.

Grid computing coverage

along with computer The popularity of personal computers began to enter thousands of households. With it comes the use of computers. More and more computers are idle, and the potential of CPU is far from being fully utilized even when it is turned on. We can imagine a household computer Spend most of your time "waiting". Even if users actually use their computer The processor still consumes silently and waits countless times (waiting for input, but actually doing nothing). internet The appearance of makes the connection call all those with idle computing resources computer system It has become a reality. Then, some very complex problems that are suitable for dividing into a large number of smaller pieces of computing are proposed, and then a research organization develops the computing tools through a lot of hard work Server and client 。 Server Be responsible for dividing the computing problem into many small computing parts, and then distributing these parts to many networked computing participants computer conduct parallel processing Finally, these calculation results are combined to get the final result.

Distributed computing means that applications are no longer "bound" to specific physical systems and platform software, and data and programs can "flow" between computing nodes.

Practical proof

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Of course, this seems primitive and difficult, but with the participants and computer With the continuous increase of the number of, the calculation plan becomes very fast and has been proved to be feasible by practice. At present, some larger Distributed Computing The processing capacity of the project has reached or even exceeded the fastest giant in the world computer 。 You can also choose to participate in some projects to donate CPU kernel processing time. You will find that the CPU kernel processing time you provide will appear in the project contribution statistics. You can compete with other participants to rank your contribution time. You can also join an existing computing group or form a computing group yourself. This approach is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of participants.

Participate in calculation

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participate in Distributed Computing ——One of the most meaningful choices that can give full play to the use value of your personal computer - just download the relevant program, and then the program will have the lowest priority in computer This has little impact on normal use of the computer. If you want to use computer Do something useful in your spare time, why hesitate? Take action at once. Your trivial efforts may make you leave a big mark in the history of human science!

Professional definition

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（ China The Institute of Science and Technology Information Distributed Computing Definition of)

Distributed Computing It is a new calculation method. so-called Distributed Computing It means that two or more software share information with each other. These software can be used on the same computer computer It can also run on multiple computers connected through the network.

advantage

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Distributed Computing Compared with other algorithms, it has the following advantages:

1. Rare resources can be shared,

2. Via Distributed Computing Multiple computer Upper balance calculation load,

3. The program can be placed in the most suitable computer On,

Among them, sharing rare resources and balancing load are computer Distributed Computing One of the core ideas of.

actually, grid Calculation is Distributed Computing One of. If we say that a job is distributed, it must involve more than one computer , but a computer network Obviously, this way of "ants moving mountains" will have a strong data processing Ability.

working principle

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Next, let's see how it works:

First, we need to find a Computing power To solve the problem. Such problems are generally interdisciplinary, challenging and urgent scientific research topics for human beings. The more famous ones are:

1. Solve more complex mathematical problems, such as GIMPS Mersenne prime ）。

2. Research and find the safest Cryptosystem , such as RC-72 (password cracking).

3. Biological pathology research, such as: Folding@home (Research on protein folding, misunderstanding, polymerization and related diseases caused by them).

4. Drug research for various diseases, such as United Devices (searching for effective drugs against cancer).

5. Signal processing, such as: SETI@Home (Looking for extraterrestrial civilization at home).

From these practical examples, we can see that these projects are very large and require an astonishing amount of calculation. It is impossible to complete the calculation only by a single computer or individual in an acceptable time. In the past, these problems should be solved by Supercomputer To solve the problem. But, Supercomputer Its cost and maintenance are very expensive, which is not affordable for an ordinary scientific research organization. With the development of science, a cheap, efficient and easy to maintain computing method Come into being at the historic moment—— Distributed Computing ！

Grid computing advantages

grid The purpose of the calculation is to computer Can provide unlimited Computing power , you can access vast amounts of information. This environment will enable enterprises to solve previously difficult problems, use their systems most effectively, meet customer requirements and reduce their computer The total cost of owning and managing resources. grid The main purpose of calculation is to design a system that can provide the following functions:

Improve or expand the efficiency and utilization of all computing resources in the enterprise, meet the needs of end users, and solve the problems caused by computing, data or storage Problems that cannot be solved due to the shortage of resources.

establish virtual organization And cooperate on public issues by letting them share applications and data.

integration Computing power 、 storage And other resources can make it possible to solve huge problems that require a lot of computing resources.

Through sharing, effective optimization and overall management of these resources, the total cost of computing can be reduced.

Grid computing environment

grid Calculations are mainly used by universities and research laboratories High performance computing Items for. These projects require huge Computing power , or a large amount of data needs to be accessed.

grid The purpose of calculation is to support E-commerce application 。 For example, the production of complex products such as aircraft and automobiles requires that product design, product assembly and Product lifecycle management Perform compute intensive simulation. Other examples include the simulation of complex financial environment through Monte Carlo method and many projects in the field of life science.

grid The ultimate goal of the environment is to develop from simple resource centralization to data sharing, and finally to collaborative processing and quality of service.

Resource concentration - enables corporate users to view the entire IT infrastructure of the company as one computer And can find the unused resources according to their needs.

Data sharing - enables companies to access remote data. This is particularly useful for some life science projects where companies need to share human genetic data with other companies.

adopt grid Cooperation through computing - enables organizations widely dispersed in different places to cooperate on certain projects, integrate business processes, and share engineering blueprints and software application program And all other information, Collaborative processing Problems in the project.

Quality of Service (QoS) - refers to the ability to target different users or different data stream Use different priorities, or application program To ensure that the performance of the data stream reaches a certain level. Provide quality guaranteed services for all nodes in the same network.

Difference from cloud computing

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Unlike grid computing, cloud computing is more of a set of technologies and standards led by the industry. Both cloud computing and grid computing can improve the utilization of IT resources. However, cloud computing focuses on the integration of IT resources, and provides IT resources on demand after integration; Grid computing focuses on the connection of computing power between different organizations. Cloud computing, relying on the flexibility of IT resource supply, has innovated the business model of IT industry and is a typical application of the business model of basic IT resource outsourcing. Grid computing is the spontaneous formation of a coalition of nodes with computing power to jointly solve problems involving large-scale computing. It is the application of the joint sharing mode of basic IT resources.

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