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The preparation of financial statements is an account book record in the form of tables, which is used to provide the basis for the comprehensive balance of the national economy, includingBalance Sheet, Income StatementCash Flow Statement、Statement of Changes in Owner's EquityAnd notes.
Chinese name
Preparation of financial statements
Nature
Book records
Format
form
Role
The comprehensive balance of the national economy provides the basis
The preparation of the financial statements is based onBooksRecord, in accordance with the prescribed form, to reflect that each unit isAccounting periodA special method for the process and results of economic activities. The preparation of financial statements can not only provide the management of the enterprise and the parties related to the economic interests of the enterprise with the necessaryaccounting information It can also provide a basis for the country to use accounting information for the comprehensive balance of the national economy
In order to give full play to the role of financial statements, the quality of financial statements must be guaranteed. Therefore, enterprises should meet the following basic requirements when preparing financial statements:
1. Going concern principle
If it is no longer reasonable for an enterprise to prepare financial statements on the basis of going concern, the enterprise shall prepare financial statements on other bases and disclose this fact in its notes.
2. Fair presentation principle
When presenting financial statements, enterprises should strictly follow the principle of《Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises - Basic Standards》And other accounting standards, so as to truthfully reflect the transactions and other economic matters of the enterprise, and truly and fairly reflect the financial position, operating results and cash flow of the enterprise.An enterprise shall not substitute the disclosure of notes for recognition and measurement.
The presentation of financial statement items shall be consistent in each accounting period, and shall not be changed at will unless the accounting standards require changes in the presentation of financial statement items or significant changes in the nature of business operations of enterprises, and changes in the presentation of financial statement items can provide more reliable and relevant accounting information.
5. Importance principle
If the omission or misstatement of an item in the enterprise's financial statements will affect users to make economic decisions accordingly, the item is of importance.The importance should be judged from the nature and amount of the project according to the environment of the enterprise.Items with different natures or functions shall be separately presented in the financial statements, except for items of no importance.Items of similar nature or function that belong to important categories shall be presented separately in the financial statements according to their categories.
6. Offset principle
The amounts of asset items and liability items, income items and expense items in the financial statements of enterprises shall not offset each other, except as otherwise provided in other accounting standards.Asset items are presented at the net amount after deducting the provision for impairment, and gains and losses arising from non routine activities are presented at the net amount of income after deducting expenses, which is not offset.
The presentation of the current financial statements of an enterprise shall at least provide the comparative data of all the items presented in the previous comparable accounting period, as well as explanations related to the understanding of the current financial statements, unless otherwise specified in other accounting standards.If the presentation of items in the financial statements changes, the comparative data of the previous period shall be adjusted according to the presentation requirements of the current period, and the reasons and nature of the adjustment, as well as the amount of each item adjusted, shall be disclosed in the notes.If it is impractical to adjust the comparative data of the previous period (it means that the enterprise still cannot adopt a certain provision after making all reasonable efforts), the reasons for the unadjustment shall be disclosed in the notes.
8. Requirements for first presentation of financial statements
An enterprise shall disclose at least the name of the enterprise, the balance sheet date or the accounting period covered by the financial statements, the unit of RMB amount, and the consolidated financial statements in the financial statements at a prominent position in the financial statements.
9. Reporting Period
An enterprise shall prepare financial statements at least annually.If the period covered by the annual financial statements is less than one year, the period covered by the annual financial statements and the reasons for the shorter period shall be disclosed.
