Maine is located in the northeast corner of the United StatesNew EnglandRegion.Southwest andNew HampshireBe a neighbor.The northwest and northeast borders are respectively adjacentCanada, southAtlantic, westNew Hampshire。It covers an area of 86000 square kilometers and has a population of 1.27 million (2000).capitalAugusta。The main part of the terrain is the New England Highland, with undulating ground, about 600m above sea level, and the central Kataden Mountain, 1606m above sea level, is the highest peak in the state.The northwest is the rugged White Mountain, and the southeast is dominated by narrow local coastal lowlands with winding coasts, many harbors and scattered islands.The earliest inhabitants were Indians.[1]
Argon Qin nationalityIndianIt is the earliest resident here.Italian captain employed by Britain from 1497 to 1499John Cabot I have sailed along the coast.In the 16th century, explorers from Portugal, Spain, France and Britain successively came here to explore islands, seaports and rivers.The French named a small mountain they occupied after Maine Province at that time, and later called this place "Maine".From 1615 to 1763, it became a battlefield for the British, Indians and French to compete with each other.In 1691, it becameMassachusettsPart of.At the beginning of the 17th century, colonists built fishing villages on coastal islands and began to trade furs with Indians.In 1763, Britain defeated France in eastern Canada, and this area also belonged to Britain.American Revolutionary WarAfter that, Maine became a state.In 1820, it seceded from Massachusetts, established Maine, and declared to join the Union, becoming the 23rd state of the United States.Most of the remaining 2200 Indians lived in the reserve.[1-2]
geographical environment
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geographical position
Maine is located at the northeast end of the United States mainlandNew EnglandThe state with the largest areaforestDensely distributed,scenerysecluded and beautiful.
terrain
Maine
The landform of the whole prefecture can be divided into four regions from southwest to northeast:
(1) Low coastal areas.From Kitri at the south end to the southwest of PortlandElizabethCape, the Pleistocene when the lowlands in this area were moved southwardContinental glacierThe coast is broken by cutting, forming a series of peninsulas, deltas and fjords.There are more than 1200 islands off the coast.The tide at the seaside is 3.6-4.2 meters high, making it one of the largest tidal areas in the world.The coastline is about 5600 kilometers long.It lacks a good port and can only be used as a base for offshore fishing.Coastal plainVery narrow, from several kilometers to more than 10 kilometers.
(2) Inland hilly areas.The inland hills extend northward from the northern boundary of the coastal plain, with a width of 40-100 kilometers and an altitude of 150-500 meters.As long as there is a wide valley between hillsSmall town。
Maine
(3) Western mountain area.This is northern New HampshireWhite Mountains The northeast extension is alsoAppalachian MountainsNortheast end of.There are 14 peaks over 1200 meters, of which the highest peak is KataDing Feng, 1606m above sea level.
(4) Cutting plateau.It is distributed in the north central part.There are more than 5000 rivers and streams;There are more than 2000 lakes.River valleys and lakes are related to glaciers in the past.Most rivers flow from north to south.St. JohnAnd its main tributaries flow northward first, then eastward along the northern boundary, and finally southward through CanadaNew BrunswickInto the sea.There are 2500 lakes in the stateMushead LakeThe largest, with an area of 310 square kilometers.[3]
climate
Mountain Desert Villa, Maine, USA
Due to the influence of high latitude and cold and warm Atlantic currents, the state has three well-defined climate zones: southern inland zone, coastal zone and northern zone.The average annual temperature in the north is 3~4 ℃;6~7 ℃ in southern inland and coastal areas.Summer is cool, winter is long and snowy, and there are often storms.The average temperature in summer is 17 ℃;Winter - 7 ℃.Sunny days account for 60% of the year.The average annual precipitation is 1000~1170mm.The average snowfall in the north and mountainous areas is up to 2500 mm.[4]
population
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According to the 2000 census of the United States, Maine has a total population of 1.27 million. According to the 2000 census, 96.9% are white, 1.0% belong to more than one ethnic group, 0.7% are Asian, 0.6% are Native American or Alaska natives, and 0.5% are black.
5.5% of the population in Maine is younger than 5 years old, 23.6% of the underage (younger than 18 years old), and 14.4% of the elderly population is 65 years old or older.51.3% of the population are women.
Economics
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Maine
In 1990, the state's GNP was 20.6 billion US dollars.In the 20th century, with the development and utilization of water resources, the industry developed rapidly, and the production of paper and pulp, wood, and wood products took the lead in China.Other important industrial sectors include food, tanning, textile, etc.Agricultural products are mainly potatoes, fruits, berries and dairy products.Arustuk County in the northeast is the national potato production area, where lobster is produced along the sea.[5]
Major industries
Manufacturing is the most important industry in the prefecture, accounting for 1/5 of the GDP of the whole prefecture, of which the most important categories are: paper making, transportation equipment, wood, food, leather, etc.Planting, fishing and tourism play a major role in Maine's economy.[6]
Paper industry
Maine has a vast territory and vast forest land, so its paper industry is extremely developed, and its output value accounts for one third of the state's total manufacturing output value.The statelargepapermakingGreat Northern Paper Corp, one of the enterprises, has more than 2000 employees.StateForestryIt is also very developed. The quality of wood and furniture is quite good. Wooden products account for about 10% of the manufacturing industry in the state.[7]
Agriculture and fishery
RichBlueberry, cranberries, apples, potatoes, honey syrup and other agricultural products, while fishery products include high-quality lobster, salmon, tuna and other frozen fishery products,lobsterThe output ranks first in the United States.The food industry accounts for about 8% of the state's total output value.Industries mainly include electronics, software, precision machinery, transportation equipment, metal productsLeatherwearThe electronics industry accounts for about one-third of the state's export commodities.[8]
Biotechnology industry
The biotechnology industry is the fastest growing industry in Maine, ranking among the top ten states in the United States. It employs about 4700 people and produces 650 kinds of products.Idexx Laboratories, the largest biotechnology company in the state, specializes in the production of animal drugs and test reagents, with more than 2000 employees worldwide.[9]
tourism
With a long coastline and beautiful scenery in summer, hotels, handicrafts and other tourism related industries are extremely developed.The winter in the state is longer, and there are many famous ski resorts.Therefore, tourism is also one of the important economic activities of the state.[10]
shipbuilding industry
shipbuilding industryIt is also one of the traditional industries in Maine. The main shipyards are Bath Iron Works and PortsmouthnavyThe shipyard(Portsmouth Naval Shipyard), etc.[11]
foreign trade
Fairchild Semiconductor
Foreign trade also plays an important role in the state's economy. In 1990, it accounted for about 17% of the state's gross national product, ranking third only after manufacturing, finance and insurance and real estate in various industries.The state has trade relations with more than 100 countries and regions.In 1996, the state's exports totaled $1.49 billion.The commodities exported by the state above US $50 million include: paper and related products, US $394.26 million, accounting for 26% of the total export, electronic products other than computers, US $254.75 million (17%), wood and wood products, US $161.47 million (11%), fishing and hunting products, US $105.51 million (7%), leather and products, US $92.55 million (6%), industrial machinery, computer equipment, US $83.27 million (5.6%),Food was $63.63 million (4.3%), and transportation equipment was $50.98 million (3.4%).
Economic and trade relations with China: In 1996, Maine's export value to the mainland of China was 11.08 million US dollars, an increase of 162% over the 6.85 million US dollars in 1995, of which the main export commodities were: mechanical equipment of 4.81 million US dollars, paper and related products (3.32 million US dollars), electronic equipment and components (1.13 million US dollars), leather and leather products (790000 US dollars), agricultural and animal husbandry products (230000 US dollars), etc.
Maine and Jilin are sister provinces.In 1995, Jilin Province sent a delegation to visit Maine.
science and technology
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Maine attaches great importance to the development of science and technology.In order to supervise its investment in scientific and technological research and development and ensure that Maine's R&D investment conforms to its economic development strategy, the government has set up the Office of Innovation, which is responsible for planning the research and development investment and funds of the Maine government, and has changed the original entrepreneurial center divided by scientific and technological fields to be divided by regions.Maine plans to establish a biomedical triangle in the northeast, including the establishment of health schools, human gene research institutions, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Maine.[12]
traffic
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Railway: Amtrak has trains to all parts of the country, and has preferential package tickets for sale.The package tickets can be used without restrictions within the specified period and region, including universal tickets for all lines, universal tickets for the west, universal tickets for the east and universal tickets for the west coast. For tourists, it is more economical to buy such tickets to travel around the United States, but they must purchase them with passports before going to the United States.There is also a price difference between package tickets in peak season and off-season.
Highway: Green Tortoise Bus Company has tourist buses from San Francisco to New York and Boston from June to October every year. They cross the American continent in 14 days and travel more than 5000 kilometers, including food, accommodation and travel. The ticket price is only about 500 dollars.The Greyhound Coach Company sells car packages to foreigners, who can take the company's long-distance buses nationwide within a certain period of time. Students and the elderly over 62 can enjoy discounts.[13]
Zoning
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Maine is divided into 16 counties, less than 50% of which is divided into 488 organized towns: 22 cities, 432 towns, 34 manors;The rest of the region is sparsely populated and divided into more than 400 townships. There is no corresponding government unit and the affairs are directly under the jurisdiction of the state government.
Acadia National ParkAcadia National Park, located in Maine, is one of the smallest national parks in the United States, with an area of about 19000 hectarescoastlineThe lush forests, mirror like lakes, towering mountains, shell beaches and deep fjords are Acadia National Park. Unlike most national parks in the Midwest of the United States, it is located in a highly developed area.NearbyBar HarborBar Harbor has many hotels, good restaurants and other facilities.[14]
Augusta(Augusta) is located in Maine, USAKennebeck CountyIt is also the capital of Maine.It is located inKenny The navigable end of the Baker River.It is located at the end of the Kennebeck River upstream.It was founded in 1621 and became the state capital in 1831.Wood, pulp, papermaking, fiber, shoemaking and other industries are developed.The typical New England landscape is nearby, with many forest covered hills and beautifulGlacial lake。Summer resort.[15]
Bar Harbor is rich in Maine lobster
Bar HarborLike other places in Maine, the buildings in the New England style of Grace.The eastern part of the United States is the place where European immigrants first arrived. Different immigrants brought their own architectural style, and mainly the style of ordinary houses, such as Delaware and other central areas on the east coast. There are more German immigrants, Dutch immigrants, or Puritans from Britain. The buildings are mostly made of big logs or stones, while the six states of New England,It is mainly British immigrants. The building is not only made of wood, but also a kind of thin plank wall.[16]
