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The green and environment-friendly size is from the raw materials for size manufacturing to the size production process, the ingredients contained in the size products, the sizing use process, and the desizing sewagehandleThe ingredients of residual slurry contained in the finished cloth shall meet the requirements of environmental protection.
Before weaving, there is an important process for textiles - sizing warp yarns. Sizing aims to attach yarn hairiness, increase yarn abrasion resistance, and improve the weaveability of warp yarns. It is a key process to ensure product quality, improve loom efficiency, and reduce costs.At present, there are three main types of sizes: starch (including modified starch), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), acrylic acid (including acid salts, amides, esters), and water dispersible polyester size under development.However, in the process of producing, using and desizing size, it is inevitable to cause environmental pollution, and has become one of the major pollution sources in the textile industry.Therefore, the research and development of green and environment-friendly slurry is on the agenda.
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The slurry has little or no pollution to the ecological environment in production and use;During the production and use of the slurry and the final product, it shall be beneficial to human health and not endanger human life safety;Energy and water sources shall be saved during the production and use of slurry;Use less or no non renewable resources, and maximize the use of renewable resources.In a word, the basic requirements of green and environment-friendly slurry are that its raw materials (corn, cassava, potato, etc.) are not polluted by pesticide and herbicide residues during the growth process, and recyclable and degradable raw materials should be used as far as possible, so as not to cause harmful effects on the environment and human body during the production process.
The ways that the size will pollute the environment are as follows: first, waste water containing a large amount of fiber and part of free fat, protein, starch, etc. will be generated during the production of starch, and there will be residual chemicals and a large amount of salt discharged during the denaturation treatment;During the use of the slurry, the mixing bucket will be cleaned, and the residual slurry can only be discharged because it is difficult to store, and its wastewater will also cause pollution if not treated;After the textile is woven, the size on the fabric must be returned, and the waste water after cleaning must also be treated before discharge.
Ways to promote green and environment-friendly size: ① Try to replace PVA size, such as modifying starch to improve the flexibility, adhesion, permeability and wear resistance of size film, and partially replace PVA. ②Try to recycle PVA. When producing high count, high density fabrics or fine denier fibers,PVA is the preferred slurry, so developed countries are adopting membrane separation technology to recover PVA in desizing for reuse and reduce environmental pollution. ③The development and use of acrylic size is generally considered to be environmentally friendly, but it is necessary to adjust the type and proportion of acrylic monomer to make a size that can meet sizing requirements and has less pollution. ④Change the production process to minimize the slurry consumption and wastewater discharge.
It is difficult to treat PVA desizing wastewater. Long term accumulation will cause ecological damage and environmental pollution.PVA size is regarded as "non environmental friendly size" because of its difficulty in "biodegradation".In some European and American countries, it has been regarded as dirty slurry;In a few countries, it has been listed as "forbidden slurry".The environmental problem of textile size is not the introduction of toxic substances to cause pollution, but the formation of organic macromolecules after wastewater, which is difficult to degrade and damages the ecological balance.Compared with PVA, acrylic size has the advantages of easier degradation: acrylic size has the characteristics of multi polymerization, which is difficult to form a regular dense structure after forming a membrane structure. The non-uniformity of the aggregation state is conducive to biological and chemical degradation, and the degradation speed is fast;Acrylic size is mainly composed of acid and ester, which belongs to oxygen rich structure and is conducive to oxygen rich degradation;The application of acrylic size generally drives the increase of the amount of starch, which is very easy to degrade.In fact, there are many harmful and toxic substances in some modified starch size or acrylic size.So far, the truly pollution-free green size has not yet come out, and the development of green size has a long way to go.
Green and environmental protection
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The so-called green environmentally friendly slurry mainly includes: the slurry has little or no pollution to the ecological environment in production and use;During the production and use of the slurry and the final product, it shall be beneficial to human health and not endanger human life safety;Energy and water sources shall be saved during the production and use of slurry;Use less or no non renewable resources, and maximize the use of renewable resources.In a word, the basic requirements of green and environment-friendly slurry are that its raw materials (corn, cassava, potato, etc.) are not polluted by pesticide and herbicide residues during the growth process, and recyclable and degradable raw materials should be used as far as possible, so as not to cause harmful effects on the environment and human body during the production process.
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1. Try to replace PVA size, such as modifying starch to improve the flexibility, adhesion, permeability and wear resistance of size film, and partially replace PVA.2. Try to recycle PVA. There is no substitute for PVA size when producing high count and high-density fabrics. Therefore, developed countries are adopting membrane separation technology to recycle PVA in desizing, so as to reuse and reduce environmental pollution.3. The development and use of acrylic size is generally considered to be environmentally friendly, but it is necessary to adjust the type and proportion of acrylic monomer to make a size that can meet sizing requirements and has less pollution.4. Change the production process to minimize the slurry consumption and wastewater discharge.For example, the sizing process of "two high and one low" (high pressure, high consistency and low viscosity) can not only reduce pollution and energy consumption, but also improve the speed, loom efficiency and product quality.
So far, the truly pollution-free green size has not yet come out, and the development of green size has a long way to go.
