A city in eastern Germany.genusSaxony Anhat。On the Elbe River.The population is 57000 (1984).It was recorded in historical records in 1180.It was founded in 1293.The first bridge across the Elbe River was built here in the 15th century.Railway hub;River port.The industry includes chemistry, machinery manufacturing, glass, rubber, furniture, food processing, etc.
In the 16th century, it was one of the centers of the religious reform movement.There are religious reformersMartin LutherTomb, Martin Luther Church, museum, 15th century castle and 16th century town hall.In the 16th century, Wittenberg was one of the most important political, cultural, historical and artistic centers in Germany.Its old city isReformationThe buildings produced in different periods are of great significance in German history.Martin LutherPhilipp Melanchthon andLucas Cranach the Elder I used to work here.Their ruins have long been a must visit for tourists.Lutheran House, Melanchiton House, City Church and Palace Church wereUNESCOprescribe asWorld Heritage SitePart of.In the past, Wittenberg was once the capital of the electors of the Saxony Wittenberg dynasty.industrial revolutionLater, it became the center of chemical industry, and from Berlin to Leipzig andMagdeburg toDresdenThe intersection of the railway.
Historical evolution
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To 1200
There are cultural relics unearthed in different prehistoric periods in Wittenberg, which proves that people lived in today's urban area about 10000 years ago.A document dated April 12, 965 (probably a fake document made in 1000 AD) said that the area where today's Tianvitenberg is located was called Gau Nizizi by Slavs in the past, and this area extends from the entrance of the Black Que River in the east to the west along the Elbe RiverMulder RiverAt the entrance of the.Two documents written in 973 and 1004 respectively mentioned two place names in Wittenberg today for the first time.In 1174, a document mentioned a Count "Thiedrich von Wittburc", which may be the first time that the name of Wittenberg appeared.According to the literature, he was the protector of a monastery.A document in 1187 mentioned a protector of Wittenburg and a local church.This church may be the predecessor of today's city church.
1200 to 1500
The history of Wittenberg is closely related to the politics of the Askani dynasty.After Bernhard III became Duke of Saxony in 1180, his son Albrecht II inherited the title of Duke of Saxony and the surrounding areas of Wittenberg.According to a document dated September 11, 1227, his wife donated a Franciscan monastery in today's Wittenberg, which itself shows that this place was very important for the Askani dynasty.His sonAlbrecht IIIAnd John I jointly inherited the title of Duke.Albrecht III's father-in-law is the German kingRudolf I And gained the position of Elector from Rudolph.Wittenberg became the capital of Albrecht.This branch of the Duke of Saxony is therefore called Saxony Wittenberg, while the one of John is called Saxony Lauenberg.A dispute arose between the two branches.Wittenberg has attracted many farmers, handicraftsmen and businessmen due to its convenient geographical location.In order to ensure their loyalty to him, Albrecht granted Wittenberg the city right on June 27, 1293.In this way, residents of Wittenberg are called citizens.
The rights of citizens in Wittenberg have been expanding and they have obtained their own management institutions.In 1317, a city council was established in the city.In 1332, Wittenberg obtained the right to set up a lower court, which could also organize the handicraftsmen in the city.In 1354, it gained the market right again.Ferry law was established in 1380.At the same time, the city began to build its walls.Therefore, in 1429, when Hus Uprising was taking place, although the Rebellion troops besieged Wittenberg, they failed to occupy it.
Although the influence of the Askani Dynasty in the city of Wittenberg has decreased, their influence in imperial politics has continued to expand.Rudolph I promoted Saxony Wittenberg to an independent principality through wise regional policies. In 1356, he was able to confirm his status as an elector, and Wittenberg became the capital of an elector.But after the death of Albrecht IV, the election status of the Askani dynasty fell toWettin Dynasty Hands.In this way, Wittenberg also lost its position as the capital of the Elector.Frederick I once again confirmed all the rights of Wittenberg. In 1444, Wittenberg was granted the rights of the High Court, but on the whole, it has no political significance.
In 1485, the Weiting Dynasty was divided intoErnstAnd Albert.Ernst series in 1486Friedrich III Became the Elector, thus Wittenberg became the capital of the Elector.Frederick built a new Yibei River Bridge in 1487, built a palace and a palace church in 1490, and expanded the city wall of Wittenberg.
sixteenth century
In the early 16th century, Wittenberg was built as a powerful fortress in the middle reaches of the Elbe River, but it is still a medium-sized city with about 2000 residents.In 1502 Frederick decided to set up a university in his capitalHoly Roman EmpireThe first university in the country was established by a monarch rather than a church.Since then, Wittenberg has attracted many intellectuals.The first building of the university was completed in 1503, and one was built in 1504Augustinian Order Today, this building is called Lutheran Tower.In 1505, the old Lucas Kranach came to Wittenberg, and in 1508, Martin Luther.The printing industry has developed in the city, and it has developed rapidly both economically and ideologically.On October 31, 1517, Luther announcedNinety-five Theses , which attracted many scholars and students. Wittenberg's university became one of the most important universities in the 16th century.It is a modern and humanistic college student.Philip Melanchiton taught here in 1518.
Luther burns in front of the Que Gate in WittenbergEcclesiastical lawAnd the PopeLeo X The decree revoking his religious status, andCatholicismWittenberg became the birthplace of religious reform after the church broke.Wittenberg became the most important new thought center in Europe at that time.
After Frederick's death, the capital of Saxony was moved toTolgaoBut it is still the center of religious reform.Here Luther's Bible is published.During this period, many new buildings were built in the city to meet the requirements of the growing number of residents.In 1526, the city wall was reinforced again.A new municipal building was built, and water supply facilities were built in the city at the end of the 16th century.
The conflict caused by the religious reform finally led to the outbreak of the war of Xumalqaldi.Wittenberg continues to maintain the center of the authentic Lutheran sect.
17th and 18th centuries
At the beginning of the 17th century, famous scholars such as Daniel Sennet also attracted many students, butThirty Year WarThe situation changed after the beginning.In 1626, the city wall was reinforced again, and the citizens who could serve strengthened the protection of the city wall.Wittenberg itself suffered limited damage in the war, but many places around it were burned down.Many people fled to the city wall of Wittenberg to seek protection, which led to famine and plague in the city, reducing the population of the city.In 1637, Wittenberg defeated the siege of Swedish general John Banner.In retaliation, Bannar burned the wooden bridge across the Elbe River on January 17.The war also affected college life.Bloody fights often break out between students and mercenaries in the city.So many people in the city were executed for this reason.meanwhileWitch huntThe movement is beginning and has led to many deaths.Since then, the situation in the city has gradually returned to normal.
stayGreat Northern WarThe central Wittenberg was occupied by the Swedish army, but it soon recovered.Gotthold Evram LessingGo to college here.staySeven Year WarCentral Wittenberg changed hands many times, and Prussia occupied Wittenberg on August 27, 1759.In 1760, when the Austrian army besieged Wittenberg, they demolished all the surrounding houses outside the city wall to obtain space for shelling.The Prussian governor in the city refused to surrender.Austria began shelling Wittenberg.On October 13, 1760, the palace and palace church in the city were burned down.The Prussian garrison surrendered.In this shelling, many houses in the city were destroyed, and it is said that the door where Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses was also burned down.
In 1764, the Saxony government abolished the fortress status of the badly damaged Wittenberg.The restoration of the city is progressing slowly.The palace built in late Baroque style in 1770 was opened on August 6.In 1787Thirty Year WarThe destroyed Yibei River Bridge was also reopened.But the number of students in the city is still very small.In 1795, Wittenberg University had only 366 students.
nineteenth century
On October 14, 1806, the combined forces of Prussia and Saxony were killed byNapoleon Bonaparte Defeat the Elector of Post SaxonyFriedrich AugusteTo Napoleon.On December 11, 1806, he signed a peace treaty with Napoleon and joinedThe Federation of Rhine。So Napoleon promoted him to king.On October 23, 1806, Napoleon inspected Wittenberg and built it into a fortress.Wittenberg's university was moved to Batschmidtberg.Residents of Wittenberg must provide accommodation for the French army.Wittenberg has become a French military crossing camp. Wittenberg must also provide supplies.During this period, a total of 160000 French troops passed through Wittenberg and 60000 were stationed there.stayNapoleonic Wars In the end, Wittenberg became the focus of the battle.On March 20, 1813, when the new fortress chief took office, he ordered the demolition of all houses, trees and fences within 900 steps around the fortress on April 6, so that the fortress garrison could obtain an open space for firing guns.Many residents lost their property as a result.On September 25, the Prussian army shelled Wittenberg on a large scale.The garrison officer of Tolgao surrendered, but the officer of Wittenberg refused to surrender.The situation in the city is becoming more and more difficult.Water supply facilities are damaged, and food must be rationed.
On February 12, 1814, the fortress commander of Wittenberg again refused to surrender.Prussia continued to bombard Wittenberg from 12 noon to 1 p.m. During this period, 2477 shells were fired.Thereafter, the general army began to charge the fortress.After losing 100 people and eight officers, the Prussian army occupied Wittenberg.The French officer was captured in the cellar of the palace.The French army also suffered huge losses.In October 1813, there were 3000 French soldiers in the city.When Wittenberg was captured, there were still 2000 people who could fight, and 800 people were in the ward.All 259 houses outside Wittenberg and 37 houses in the city were destroyed.The number of urban residents has decreased by one third.
according tocongress of vienna Three fifths of Saxony's territory was ceded to Prussia, including Wittenberg.1817 King of PrussiaFriedrich Wilhelm III Order the closure of Wittenberg University, the rest of the universityHarley CollegeMerge.As compensation, Wittenberg obtained a Protestant missionary school.In 1820, the 26th Infantry Regiment entered Wittenberg, which became a barracks city.The palace of Wittenberg was transformed into a barracks.University buildings have also been demolished to build barracks.
The changes of Wittenberg were typical for the fortress cities at that time.In 1847, a new Yibei River Bridge was built.The railway to Berlin was completed on August 28, 1841.1848 RevolutionThe response was also received in Wittenberg.Many political clubs were set up in the city, but in the end conservative forces prevailed.The first Protestant church gathering in Germany was held in the palace church in Wittenberg.
May 30, 1873William IThe demolition of the city wall of Wittenberg was ordered and began on June 11 of the same year.The original city wall became green land.In 1876, the telegraph line between Berlin and Harley was connected through Wittenberg, and the new postal building was opened in 1893.Because of its convenient transportation, many enterprises settle here.In 1893, Wasag Chemical Co., Ltd. built an explosives factory here.Other enterprises settled here include machinery manufacturing, casting and rubber factories.
In Wittenberg, a culture commemorating the religious reform has gradually formed.In 1821, Luther Monument was completed.In 1830, the Luther Oak was planted today.In 1858, a new copper outline gate was cast.In 1865, the Melanchiton Monument was unveiled.From 1877 to 1883, a Reformation Museum was set up in Luther House.October 31, 1892William II Participate in the opening ceremony of the restored palace church.
Since the 20th century
Industrialization continued in the 20th century.Power plants have been built in the city.A nitrogen plant was built in 1915.Today, the dormitory of workers in this nitrogen plant is under memorial protection.At the same time, Germany's internal affairs also have an increasing impact on Wittenberg.the First World WarThe current difficulties, the economyKarp coupGerman RevolutionAnd the subsequent economic expansion left traces in Wittenberg.In 1919, Wittenberg temporarily lost its role as a barracks city.Industrialization also led to population growth.On April 1, 1922, Wittenberg obtained the qualification of not being a county city.In May of the same year, the municipal government decided to change the name of the city to "Lutheran Wittenberg".For bureaucratic reasons, the name did not become an official name until 1938.
stayNazismOn June 13, 1935, a serious explosion occurred in the explosive factory in the city during that period, which resulted in many deaths and many objects were damaged.In the same year, a factory was set up in the city, where women in concentration camps were forced to work under very poor conditions.In 1936, Wittenberg becameGerman Defense ForcesThe barracks city.1938Crystal NightThe Jewish shops and houses inside were destroyed.Jewish residents were imprisoned and transported away.the Second World WarAfter the outbreak, the troops stationed in Wittenberg moved to the front and auxiliary troops were stationed.The longer the war lasted, the more people died in the newspapers.As air strikes become more and more serious, although the arsenal often has air defense alarms, it still works day and night.The Allies mainly attacked Berlin.In 1944, Allied bombers destroyed many buildings and railway stations in the east of the city.In order to strengthen the production of the arsenal, in the summer of 1944, more coolies detained in the concentration camp were moved to Wittenberg.April 26, 1945Soviet Red ArmyBefore the occupation of Wittenberg, the German army also blew up the bridge of the Elbe River in the city.
After the Soviet army entered, robbery and other phenomena occurred at the beginning, and gradually the Soviet military commanders were able to control the situation.The military government and the local democratic forces jointly carry out reconstruction work.After the most serious damage was removed, life in the city gradually returned to normal.
In 1946, another theater opened in the city.The arsenal in the city was demolished and changed to civilian production.In 1948, the palace was transformed into a museum.After the quantitative period, there are stores in the city again.German Democratic RepublicAfter its establishment, the city council gained executive power.In 1952, when the East Germany abolished the state administrative region, Wittenberg lost its status as an illegal county.In the 1950s, a lot of restoration work was done in the city.In 1953, a music school, a swimming pool and a cultural palace were built.1953June 17thWhen the demonstrations broke out in East Germany, there were only small-scale protests in Wittenberg. There were tanks at the gate of the large factory, which prevented large-scale activities.
Many refugees who fled from the East Prussia region caused a housing shortage in Wittenberg.From 1957 to 1963, many large residential houses were built in the city.The residents of Wittenberg live like many other East German cities.In 1979, according toStrategic arms limitation negotiationsAs a result, the Soviet army stationed in Wittenberg in 1945 was withdrawn to the Soviet Union.
In 1952, Wittenberg celebrated the 450th anniversary of the founding of Wittenberg University. In 1953, it commemorated the 400th anniversary of the death of old Lucas Kranach. In 1967, a large-scale ancient costume parade was held in the city.University of Halle-Wittenberg An international conference and academic celebration were held to commemorate the 450 year religious reform.A museum commemorating him has been opened at the former site of Melanchiton.In 1983, many activities were held to commemorate Luther's 500th birthday.The city church acquired a new organ, and the Luther Museum was restored and renovated.The bell tower and the outline gate of the palace church were also repaired.People from 15 countries attended the Protestant Church Conference.As a symbol of peace, a sword was rebuilt as a hoe.
From 1970 to 1976, two ammonia plants and three urea plants were added to the nitrogen plant. At the same time, a large-scale residential area was built in the north of the urban area from 1971 to 1980.But citizens are increasingly dissatisfied with the economic and political situation in East Germany.In 1989, tens of thousands of people also protested in Wittenberg.After East Germany opened its borders, rapid political changes also took place in Wittenberg.Many factories and enterprises in the city were closed, resulting in a rapid increase in the unemployment rate.Many people have moved away from Wittenberg, especially among young people.The population and buildings of Wittenberg are decreasing, and the economic recovery is slow. As an important place in the history of Protestantism, tourism has developed.Officials predict that the population will continue to decline because the economic situation will not change rapidly.
Demographic changes
Although the territory of Wittenberg has been changing in history, the statistics here are all based on its area at that time.The numbers before 1791 are estimates, and the numbers after that are the statistics of the statistics bureau or the municipal government or the number of population censuses.
emblem of a city
The city emblem of Wittenberg reflects its historical development.On June 27, 1293, the Duke of Albrecht granted the right to the city of Wittenberg.The supreme governing body of this medieval civil society was the city council.In 1317, this parliament could be confirmed to exist as early as possible.The city council has a judicial and legislative role within the city, and it allocates the use of urban income.The council has a seal.The earliest verifiable Wittenberg seal found today originated in the first half of the 14th century.It stipulated the basic pattern of all the city emblems later.The city emblem shows the city protected by the city wall since 1409: the city wall with battlements in front and the tower behind.
The two badges in the middle represent the national emblem of the Saxony Elector.On the right is the badge of Saxony. The yellow and black stripes on the back are the colors of the Askani dynasty. The green crown band on it has been on the badge of Albrecht since 1262.
In 1356, Charles IV confirmed Saxony Wittenberg as the Elector, and Wittenberg became the Elector's capital.The badge on the left side of the city badge is the badge of the Grand Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, which is inseparable from the status of the Elector.Wittenberg continued to use these two badges after the Askani dynasty died in 1422.
The flowing water at the lower part of the city emblem represents that Wittenberg is located on the bank of the Elbe River.The fish in the water used to be a lot of trout in the Elbe River.In the past, there were so many fish in the Elbe River that fishermen were able to organize a guild in 1422, and trout was included in the city emblem.
Politics
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History of Management
In 1293, when Wittenberg gained the right to the city, a duke appointed a leader to manage the city.Originally, all the residents in the city were serfs. They became citizens and could organize guilds.Weavers were the first to organize guilds. Their guilds were organized in 1300.In 1317, it can be confirmed for the first time that there was a city council composed of a mayor and seven members.The council is increasingly in charge of management.The four guilds in the city (weavers, shoemakers, butchers and bakers) are also governed by the council, and its members come from these four guilds.As the duke needed a lot of money, the city council gradually bought more and more rights.As members of the Parliament intermarried with each other and promoted their relatives, urban aristocracy gradually formed in the city over the past century.In 1425, the Duke issued a new rule to break the rights of the city aristocracy.According to this rule, the city's highest body consists of three parliaments, with a total number of 24 members.The three parliaments take turns in power every three years, and need the consent of the Elector to take office.At the same time, the demands of the citizens on the parliament are getting higher and higher.At first, legislators had only the right to be advisers, but gradually they also served as chief executives and judges.As a result, the size of the parliament is growing.The structure of Parliament was changed again in 1696.Members of Parliament become lifelong.A committee is formed in the council to discuss a specific issue in the city.In 1922, the population of Wittenberg reached 25000, and it gained the status of a city that is not a legal county.On August 1, 1950, Wittenberg lost its status as a city not under the jurisdiction of a county through the administrative division reform.The management of the merged urban areas after the merger is also undertaken by the Municipal Government Center.In 1994, the new administrative regulations of Saxony Anhalt provided that the merged urban areas would be given a district governor and a district council.
merge
Wittenberg is composed of several urban areas, many of which were later merged.The earliest merger was in 1938, and the most recent was on January 1, 2008.Some urban districts have their own district administrative organs.
Wittenberg is located in the east of Saxony Anhalt, on the north bank of the Elbe River. Its average height is about 70 meters above sea level, and gradually increases northward.There are also large pine forests in the north.The area south of the Elbe River is flat and has no forests.To the south of Wittenberg is Duben Grassland.To the west of the city along the Elbe RiverSchnabeckIt is a huge biological reserve.The Heique River, about ten kilometers east of the city, flows into the Yibei River.
climate
Wittenberg is located in the temperate zone, with an average temperature of 8.7 ℃ and an annual average precipitation of 563mm.Harts MountainRain shadowThe climate impact on Wittenberg is the greatest.The sandy land around the city and the Elbe River also have a certain impact.Sand has a good performance of absorbing and storing heat, which can affect the climate.Storm Kirill andOne share in 2002tornadoAre affected by this ground.The tornado was caused by a fierce shower of hot air falling on the sand around Wittenberg.This is also the reason why whirlwinds can often be observed near Wittenberg.
Culture and places of interest
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building
The palace and palace church in Wittenberg are an important tourist spot.In the 16th century, Martin Luther put forward 95 outlines against the practice of selling atonement vouchers by the Catholic Church.The palace and church were destroyed twice in 1760 and 1814.Later, the palace was rebuilt as part of the barracks.In 1884, the palace church was rebuilt to highlight its historical significance, and it was transformed into a place to commemorate the religious reform.The city church is the birthplace of the religious reform.In 1521, the world's first religious mass was held here.Martin Luther paved the passage here, which is the church of the commander in chief of Saxony Protestantism.The art works in the church are well preserved, including old Lucas Kranach andLucas Cranach the Younger Works.
The history of city buildings can be traced back to the 13th century.Its walls are the walls of the Franciscan monastery church in the Middle Ages.This church is also the burial ground church of the Askani Dynasty.In 1536, it was transformed into a granary. Several floors were added inside, and the medieval windows were sealed off.staySeven Year WarIt was seriously damaged.Since then its height has been reduced and rebuilt.Since then, many renovations have greatly changed the appearance of the building.At the end of the 19th century, another floor was added, with large windows on the south side.
Melanchiton Building is aThe RenaissanceA building of style.Philip Melanchiton lived and died here.Here is an exhibition about his life.
Kranach House and Kranach House collect the works of old Lucas Kranach, young Lucas Kranach and their descendants.
The Handwasa School is based onHandwasaA reconstructed school.It was originally an ordinary school.Particularly surprising are the observatory and the onion tower, which represents tolerance for other religions and other people, as well as a tower about nature called the escape capsule.In addition, there are rooftops, trees protruding from windows and auditorium with colorful columns.Handwasa directed the reconstruction from his office in New Zealand. He did not attend the opening ceremony in person, and he died shortly thereafter.He himself did not see the only reconstruction project he had designed.
The architectural style of Hamlet Building is very unique.
Wittenberg University was established in 1502, where Martin Luther and Philip Melanchiton taught.
Luther House is the new building of Wittenberg University. Today there is a Protestant Theological Seminary and its library.Inside the courtyard is Martin Luther's former residence. Today, it is a museum, where his images, articles and contemporary prints are collected.Its medieval atmosphere was partly lost when it was restored.
Renaissance style municipal buildings and markets are located in the center of the old city.Around the square are medieval civic buildings and statues of Luther and Melanchiton.
theatre
The history of the Wittenberg Theater began in the 18th century.Wittenberg performed in the municipal building in 1728.At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a small troupe in Wittenberg, and the band from the local barracks helped the troupe perform.the Second World WarActivities in the rear theatre were strengthened.On November 1, 1945, a small theater was founded in Wittenberg.But this small theater has not lived long.On May 30, 1945, the Municipal Theater was established.However, due to economic difficulties, the theatre was closed again.On September 14, 1949, another touring troupe was established with its headquarters in Wittenberg.After the merger of Germany and Germany, the troupe was dissolved on August 31, 2002 for different reasons.In 1972, aCaballetThe troupe is still active occasionally.There is a private theater, a youth theater club and a music workshop in the city.
museum
Lutheran House Collection is the largest collection of religious reform history in the world and a part of UNESCO World Heritage
Meranxitong Building
City History Exhibition in the Palace
The history building mainly displays the history of the German Democratic Republic
In the municipal buildingChristianityArt Exhibition
Other places of interest
In the 16th century, due to the population growth of Wittenberg, the wells in the city could not guarantee the clean water supply for citizens, so the city built a water pipe system that can provide clean water for citizens day and night in winter and summer.This water pipe system was gradually replaced by the water pipe system in 1883, but so far it still has about 20 wells that can be used. It is the only thing left over from the Middle Ages to the north of the Alps. It is still a water pipe system that can be used, with the significance of technical history.
The old Lucas Kranach established a printing factory in Wittenberg, where the printed works include 95 outlines, the first part of Luther's Bible, etc.A historical printing workshop was built here after the reconstruction of Lutheran Academy.
In 1520, when Luther burned the pope's order at the gate of Wittenberg, there was an oak tree called Lutheran oak. The original oak tree wasNapoleonic Wars At the end of the period, the French army cut down the fortress in order to make it radiate.The one today was planted later.
The Catholic Church in Wittenberg was opened in 1872 and renovated in 2000.
The old railway station in Wittenberg was built in 1841 and is the oldest railway station building in Germany.
Leisure and sports
There are many parks, swimming pools and sports facilities in Wittenberg.
diet
Wittenberg's specialty beer is called Cuckoo Beer.In addition, there are some special desserts.
Regular activities
The Music Night of Wittenberg Hotel is an activity held by about 20 hotels in the old city of Wittenberg on the last weekend of every April. All participating hotels have musicians playing live.The Wittenberg May Flower Festival was held in early May.
Many people organized bicycles to visit the local area during the regional pedal activity held in May.
Luther's wedding is held in Wittenberg on the second weekend of June every year. It is one of the largest city celebrations in Germany, commemorating Martin Luther's wedding in 1525.Its peak was the Saturday afternoon parade.
The Luther Cup football match is held every June.
Wittenberg Culture Summer and Concert are held on three weekends in summer.
Wittenberg opens all museums, courtyards, palaces and churches on the third weekend of August every year.
Wittenberg Ceramics Market is held on the last weekend of September every year, with more than 80 ceramic workshops from all over Germany participating.
The Reformation Festival is held on October 31 every year, including religious affairs, concerts, seminars, etc.
Wittenberg Christmas Market is held in December every year.
Economics
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At the end of the 19th century, Wittenberg was gradually transformed into an industrial city, where large and small companies, especially chemical and processing industries, were established.Wittenberg is a railway intersection, and also connects the Elbe River waterway and highway.There is a modern wastewater plant in the city.
traffic
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highway traffic
German Highway 9 passes through Wittenberg.In addition, German Federal Highway No. 2 and No. 187 cross here.
Railway transportation
BerlinGoMunichAndMagdeburgGoDresdenThe railway in Wittenberg crosses.There is also a branch line from Wittenberg to Tolgao.fromhamburgerICE to Munich stops at Wittenberg every two hours fromStralssonreachDusseldorfOur IC stops at Wittenberg every two hours.
There are short distance trains from Wittenberg to all around.
There are seven railway stations in the city.
bus
On January 1, 2007, several regional bus companies united.The most important bus station is in front of the railway station.The predecessor of this company is Mala tram, which was founded in 1888.
water transport
Wittenberg has two cargo ports on the Elbe River and berthing points for passenger ships.Tourists can take a boat from here to Tolgao via the Biological Reserve.The boarding point is just near the city center.
celebrity
The most famous residents of Wittenberg are Martin Luther, Philip Melanchiton and Lucas Kranah Sr.As the capital and university town of Saxony Elector and Saxony Wittenberg Principality, its residents have made important contributions in politics, economy and academia.Today, many houses in the old city have signs commemorating these people.[1]
