Mitochondrial intima

Membrane structure in mitochondria

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Mitochondrial intima (English: inner mitochondrial membrane, abbreviated as "IMM") Outer membrane of mitochondria Inside, wrapped Mitochondrial matrix The first floor of Unit membrane 。 Mitochondrial intima ratio adventitia Slightly thin, about 5-6nm thick. In mitochondria inner membrane protein And phospholipid High quality (quality ratio ≥ 3:1)^[2] , and contains a large amount of Cardiolipin (Cardiolipin and phospholipid mass ratio About 0.22:0.78). Some parts of the mitochondrial inner membrane will fold to the mitochondrial matrix to form ridges, which can greatly increase the Surface area 。 Mitochondrial endomembrane Marker enzyme yes Cytochrome oxidase 。^[1]

Chinese name: Mitochondrial intima
Foreign name: inner mitochondrial membrane

Abbreviations: IMM
geographical position: Inside the outer membrane of mitochondria

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one function
two permeability

function

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The inner membrane of mitochondria contains more proteins than the outer membrane, so it bears more complex biochemical reaction 。 The proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane can be divided into the following categories, which are responsible for different physiological processes:

Transport enzymes and Carrier protein : Transport enzyme can carry out various metabolites and Intermediate product Transportation. In addition, there are some specific carrier proteins in the intima calcium ion 、 phosphoric acid 、 glutamate 、 Ornithine and nucleotide Etc.

Biomacromolecule Synthases: complete some important biosynthesis Enzymes. mitochondrion yes Mitochondrial DNA And mitochondria RNA And other biological macromolecules.

participate in electron transport and ATP Synthetic enzymes: these enzymes are the main components of the mitochondrial inner membrane and participate in electron transfer and Adenosine triphosphate (Adenosine triphosphate, referred to as "ATP").

Mitochondrial structure

control mitochondrion A protein that splits and fuses.

permeability

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Mitochondrial intima does not contain Porin , so permeability relatively Outer membrane of mitochondria Low. In addition Cardiolipin Incompatibility with ions Permeability of Compared with the outer membrane, the inner membrane nucleoside , saccharides and small ions are impermeable, and these substances need to use their corresponding specific carriers to enter and exit the mitochondrial inner membrane. The low permeability of mitochondrial inner membrane to most ions ensures that it can establish proton gradient, drive ATP synthesis and drive other normal functions.

Schematic Diagram of Electron and Proton Transport in Mitochondrial Endomembrane

Mitochondrial endomembrane lipid Composition and Bacterial cell membrane This phenomenon can be used Endosymbiosis hypothesis Explain. This hypothesis believes that mitochondria are formed by Eukaryotic cell Endocytosis Post internalized Prokaryotic cell It has evolved. Intimal phospholipid The non-polar end of the molecule has four tails, which is different from the general phospholipid molecule.

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