Color painting created by Wang Juzheng, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty
The Painting of Spinning Wheel was a painter in the Northern Song DynastyWang JuzhengA color painting created by him is now collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
In this picture, the spinning wheel is busy. A young village woman is sitting in front of the spinning wheel with a nursing baby in her arms. An old village woman is standing in the distance to lead the spinning wheel.A playful child is painted on the right side of the picture, and a small dog is playing happily between two village women.The background depicts willow threads and several thick and hard branches in the wind.The characters in the picture have beautiful hair and bushy sideburns. They are dressed in quail clothes and knots. They are full of emotion and their faces are as fresh as life.
The spinning wheel picture is a silk hand scroll, 21.6 cm in length and 69.2 cm in width. It is a color painting, which shows the scenes of women spinning in the countryside.In the center of the picture is a spinning wheel with a bamboo basket beside it. A middle-aged woman is sitting on a small chair, holding a baby in her left hand for breastfeeding. The right hand wheel is a turning machine. In front of her is an elderly woman holding a hand.Behind the village woman, there was a child sitting on the ground, holding a pole and holding a toad, lively and lovely.I heard a dog in the middle. There are two old willows on the right of the picture. The scenery is simple, but it shows the front line of the countryside.[1]
Zhao Mengfu, a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a postscript to this picture: "Although the picture is huge, its charm is magnificent, its meaning is ancient, and its beauty is flying. It is really a masterpiece."
Wu Kuan, a painter of the Ming Dynasty, also wrote a poem and postscript on it, saying, "The son of Wang in Hedong is lovely, and the legend is vivid. Luo Qi is not said to travel in spring, but only painted a spinning wheel on the eaves of Mao."[2]
Creation background
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During the Dazhong Xiangfu period (1008-1016), in order to build palaces and temples, the Northern Song Dynasty recruited some folk painters engaged in architectural painting and murals.As Wang Juzheng was born in a working people's family, he was deeply familiar with folk sufferings, and had deep feelings for the poor farmers in the lower strata, so the theme meaning and character image reflected in the picture was quite different from the "farm joy" image in the paintings of court painters and literati.The Painting of Spinning Wheel is just a picture of a farmer's family created by Wang Juzheng when he saw women spinning.[3]
The picture shows the outdoor work of rural women.The theme of the whole picture is prominent and the composition is ingenious.The characters depicted in the close shot are divided into two groups by two floating lines. At one end of the line is a middle-aged woman who shakes a spinning wheel while breastfeeding, a boy playing with frogs around her, and a barking black dog;At the other end was an old woman with a bent back and two hands holding a ball of thread.The characters gather and disperse naturally, and their verve is interlinked.The spinning wheel, bamboo basket and machine stool in the picture are expressed in the form of boundary painting, which depicts exquisite realism.The figure's clothing pattern is represented by a sharp turning "war pen". The center writes with fine, strong and round lines, which are bent and turned with the change of the figure's shape, thus accurately shaping the figure's shape and the soft texture of the clothing.[1]
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Compared with the ladies described by Gu Kaizhi in the Jin Dynasty and Zhou Fang in the Tang Dynasty, the female images in the picture have no beautiful appearance, attractive figure, gorgeous clothes and noble status. They are only the most ordinary rural women in life.The old woman whose clothes have been repeatedly patched looks haggard and moves slowly. The hard life makes her look full of vicissitudes.The author uses realistic artistic techniques to express them without beautification, with the intention of praising their peaceful and happy life attitude and plain personality beauty, as well as expressing sympathy for their poor life.[1]
Later influence
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From the perspective of painting history, the "Spinning Wheel" is not a major breakthrough or achievement in technical or style innovation. Its rare and valuable value lies in that it represents the real labor scene of the lower working people, and provides valuable image data for people to understand and study the society and history at that time.[3]
Historical inheritance
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This picture was handed down in the Southern Song DynastyJia ShidaoCollection.
In 1317, the fourth year of Yanyou in the Yuan Dynasty,Zhao MengfuIt was bought with 50 gold in Yanjing.
It was acquired by Yuan Tingyu (Liuzhuang) in the early Ming Dynasty, and Yang Weixin purchased it from the Yuan family in the middle Ming Dynasty.It was collected by Zhou Min during the Wanli period (1573-1619).
In the early Qing Dynasty, it was collected by Renhe Gong Xianglin (Hengpu). In the Qianlong Dynasty, it was returned to Chen Yufang (Xizu) in Jiangxi Province. In the Jiaqing Dynasty, Su Village used the old Kaibei to expand the Tang Dynasty to exchange this painting for Chen Yufang. During the Guangxu period (1875-1908), it was returned to Lu Xinyuan, and in the late Qing Dynasty, it was returned to Wu Jinsheng.
In the 1950s, the state bought it back from Hong Kong, and then it entered the Beijing Palace Museum in Tibet.[1]
Important exhibitions
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During the period from April 30 to June 29, 2014, the Palace Museum in Beijing held the "Palace Museum Collection Calligraphy and Painting Exhibition", in which the "Spinning Wheel Painting" was held in the Wuying Hall Painting and Calligraphy Museum in the Palace Museum in Beijing.[4]
About the author
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Wang Juzheng (whose birth and death years are unknown), nicknamed Han Ge, was born in Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), the son of Wang Zhuo, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.During the reign of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty (1008-1016), he was recruited to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) to participate in the construction of royal palaces.He paid attention to realism in his painting, repeatedly observed and carefully thought before writing, and tried to truly reproduce the objective object in his creation[5]。
