Nazi Germany (1933-1945), also known as the "Third Reich of Germany", was founded byNazi PartyRulingGermanyThe official name is "Germany" from 1933 to 1943, and the official name is "Great Germany" from 1943 to 1945, the capitalBerlin。
naziGermany has two official names: one is the "German Empire" used from 1933 to 1943;The second is the "Great German Empire" from 1943 to 1945.German Head of StateAdolf HitlerHe believed that his Third Reich was“Holy Roman Empire”AndWilliam IandOtto von Bismarck Created“German Empire”Then the Third Reich.The term "Third Reich" originates from the end of Italya theologian、FlorenceThe founder of the sect, Joachim Fiorez, and other medieval centuriesa theologianThe original meaning of the interpretation of the Bible text refers to the "State of the Holy Spirit" after the "State of the Father" and the "State of the Son", that islordAfter saving the world, perfect, endless and freeHoly Father、the son of god、Holy SpiritRuleChristThe third stage of Reich (the trinity).In modern times, the concept of "the Third Reich" has been separated from the theological field and applied toRomantic LiteratureEven in the conservative political revolution.
In 1923, Atu Moller Vandenbrooke advocated the creation of a replacementWeimar Republic , while traditionally working withHoly Roman Empire(First Empire) and byPrussiaLeading establishmentGerman EmpireA new country coming down in one continuous line.This concept isWeimar Republic Anti democratic elements and radical right-wing groups (includingnazi）It is widely quoted.According to one bookconservativeA book written by Arthur the writer,Holy Roman EmpireFirst Empire, 1871-1918German EmpireThe Second Empire.Arthur thinksWeimar Republic After the defeat in 1919, the Germans wanted to regain glory for Germany and establish the "Third Reich".
In the early 1920s, the Nazi movement rose among some young veterans.They opposed the 1919《Treaty of Versailles》AndWeimar Republic And believed that it was necessary to revive the Aryan nation andIsraelAs the cause of many problems in Germany.Nazi propaganda“Legend of stabbing on the back”That is to say, Jewsthe Communist PartyandBerlinThe subversion of the war was the cause of defeat.
In 1929, the worldGreat DepressionBefore, the Nazi movement did not have a large scale.The Great Depression put pressure on the Weimar Republic's democratic system.The Nazi Partymiddle classThe strength is strengthened by exclusion.
Many Germans believe that the Nazi Party can restore order, calm social instability and restore Germany's international reputation.
the First World WarThe huge amount of compensation made the democratic republic government of Weimar Republic unable to afford, and then suffered the Great Depression and failed to solve unemployment and other social problems (such as the riots of leftists and soldiers and workers).
At the end of 1922, the Compensation Commission announced that Germany had failed to deliver coal and logs on time, and the French and Belgian armies entered the Ruhr industrial zone in Germany in January 1923.RuhrThe crisis hit the German economy hard.In order to support the workers' strike in Ruhr, the German government issued more and more banknotes.At the end of 1923, Germany experienced serious inflation, and Mark became worthless.Adults tied up the banknotes to light a fire or build a wall, while children used them as building blocks.The original one cent stamps have become 5 million marks, 80 million marks for an egg and 150 million marks for a glass of beer.[1]
At the same time as the economy suffered heavy losses, extreme political forces in Germany began to emerge, and many Germans turned to support the right wing.The German National Socialist Workers' Party (Nazi Party) is one of the right-wing branches.Hitler promised to reduce unemployment and carry out economic, cultural and military reforms.
After the 1932 federal election, the Nazi Party became the largest party in the Congress, holding 230 seats.
On February 27, 1933,Reichstag FireLater, the head of state Hitler called itGerman Communist Party（Nazi PartyAnd arrested the Communist leader.mobilizationStormtrooperAll Communist Party headquarters in the country will be occupied and banned, and Communists will be restricted from participating in the parliamentary elections in early March.
The Nazi Party won 44% of the seats, and the United Nations People's Party forcefully passed the Authorization Law (onlySocial Democratic PartyIt is the first step for Germany to step into the Nazi era.Finally, the Nazi Party used the Authorization Act to outlaw other political parties.
On May 10, 1933, in response to the call of the Nazi Party, the Nazis students publicly burned 20000 copies in Berlin, which was considered to be againstGermanic nationalitySpiritual books.
On September 1, Hitler, the head of stateNuremberg The "Third Reich" was used for the first time at the Nazi Party Congress in order to hope that Germany would "occupy the country for a thousand years".
On August 2, 1934,hindenburg After his deathHitlerNaturally, he took over, declared himself as the Prime Minister of the Third Reich and acted as President, and legislated to become GermanyHead of StateAnd sent spies to monitor domestic critics and dissidents.
In 1938, the German people in Sartz“German ritual”Tribute to German soldiers.
In March 1938, Germany andAustria(Austria) Consolidation.
Hitler, the head of state, believed that Austria and Germany originally had the same ethnic origin, so the German Austrian merger was a "unity".German troops stationed in Austria, accompanied by flowers and applause from the Austrian people.
Austria is rich in oil resources, which is necessary for military expansion.This is one of the reasons for the prosperity of the Third Reich.
On July 10, 1939, the Minister of PublicityGoebbelsOfficially announced that "the German Empire" was no longer used as the official name, but was replaced by“Gro deutsches Reich ”（Großdeutsches Reich）。
Nazi Germany before World War II
Launch World War II
The economic crisis that broke out from 1929 to 1933 affected the whole countrycapitalismThe world.After President Hitler took office, he actively saved the economy, built highways on a large scale, and successfully held1936 Berlin Olympic Games。While gaining popular support, the world also witnessed the "rise" of Germany.
After that, Germany began to prepare for strategic expansion.
On September 3, 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany,the Second World WarBurst.This is by far the largest war in human history.
It is estimated that from 1935 to 1945, there were about 13 million soldiers of the Nazi German Defense Force (hereinafter referred to as the German Army), and about 1.6 million people died in battle.As of February 19, 1945, the total death toll in Germany was about 4.4-5.31 million. In addition, 437000 civilians within the boundary in 1942 were killed by the bombing of the British American bomber fleet, and more than 2.2 million civilians were killedSoviet Red ArmyFrom January 1944 to February 1945, the former German eastern territory east of the Oder Ness River was invadedSilesia、Pomerania、West Prussia , PosenEast PrussiaDuring the process, he was brutally killed by the Soviet Red Army.The Soviet Union expelled 12 million Germans from the area by force.
On April 9, 1940, Germany declared war on Norway and DenmarkNorwegian Campaign。Denmark announced its surrender in less than 24 hours;andNorwayAt the KingHakang VIIUnder the leadership of, Germany resolutely resisted Germany, but was outnumbered. Finally, on June 10, Germany completely occupied Norway, the kingHakang VIIExiled in England.Germany thus obtained sufficient guarantee for transporting iron ore from Sweden.
In May 1940,Battle of FranceBurst.The German army assembled 141 divisions and more than 3000 aircraft and more than 3000 tanks to complete the French campaign in one month. By the end of the campaign on June 25, the German army had completely occupied the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
Oppression in Britain and France andHitlerOn September 29, 1938, under the threat of《Munich Agreement》, historical title"Munich conspiracy“。However, Germany did not stop the process of expansion and annexed the whole country in March 1939Czechoslovakia。Even though Hitler pointed his finger at Poland, in April 1939, Hitler issued the war plan of "permanently eliminating Poland".On September 1, Germany dispatched 62 divisions, 1.6 million people and more than 2000 vehiclesTankAnd more than 2000 aircraft launched a surprise attack on Poland. Poland's hasty response, together with backward weapons and poor equipment, blindly relied on Britain and France.Britain and France expected Germany to attack the Soviet Union after defeating Poland.Since Poland is an ally of Britain and France, declaring war on Germany is actually declaring war rather than fighting.At that time, the German army had only 23 divisions on the western front, while Britain and France had a huge force of 110 divisions, but they did not attack. The so-called "strange war", "sit in war" and "funny war" appeared.In fact, Germany and the Soviet Union have signed a contract“Soviet German Non aggression TreatyAt the same time as the German army attacked Poland, according to insider information, the Soviet Union also formally attacked Poland from the east. The Soviet Union hoped that Germany could fight with Britain and France.And Britain and France also hope to "lead others to flow". It is precisely under such circumstances that,HitlerWe have grasped the mentality of Britain, France and the Soviet Union, seized the opportunity and continued to invade and expand neighboring countries.But in the war against Poland, we have also seen that, in addition to this reason, another important reason is that the German army's own combat effectiveness is very strong. The German army's combat effectiveness, soldiers' quality, strategy and tactics are at the world's advanced level, which shows no doubt about its strength in the French war.
World War II Situation Map (1939-1941)
Sweep across Western Europe
When the British and French armies missed a good opportunity, Germany was ready to attack on the western front,DenmarkandNorwayIs to control Beihai andthe BalticIt is a crucial place with an important strategic position. It is also a major transportation route for Swedish iron ore to Germany. In the morning of April 9, 1940, German air raids on Denmark and Norway occupied the Danish capital for four hoursCopenhagenOn June 10, Germany occupied the whole of Norway, and on May 10, 1940, Germany planned to bypassMaginot LineAnd then forced France to surrender,LuxembourgThe country was weak and died without fighting. After four days of resistance, the Netherlands announced on the 14th thatsurrender。BelgiumThe same war was heroic, and the surrender was announced on May 28. But the difference was that France could not be saved. The German Armored Corps began to play its advantages, and the speed of advance was staggering.However, when everyone began to think that the German army would sweep Liuhe, Hitler made a fatal mistake.
On May 24, there were more than 400000 British and French allied troops in Belgium, who were forced to retreat to a narrow triangleDunkirk。And justHeinz Guderian Order the secondArmored DivisionWhen advancing,HitlerBut suddenly he gave the order to stop the tank troops.So that the Allies could transport 338000 people toBritish Isles。These people later became the backbone of the counterattack on the European continent.There are two explanations for this order: one isBritainThe nation is the nation that Hitler thought was second only to the Germanic people, and wanted to let the British have a way of life for the future;Second, because Hitler feared that his beloved armored forces would be isolated if they went too deep.Even so, on June 5, German troops occupied Paris without bloodshed, and France surrendered on June 22, 1940.Ironically, Hitler chose the very place where Germany signed and surrendered in World War I.This further shows that the British and FrenchAppeasement policyAnd buried France under Hitler's iron hoofs.
May 10, 1940, Britainprime ministerChamberlain was forced to resign, and Churchill, the leader of the Conservative Party, came to power, determined to defeatHitler。Churchill did a little-known event during his administration that had a great impact on the "World War II".He put the governmentSwiss BankThe funds in were used to buy Spanish politicians, which made Spain neutral during the "World War II".In 1936spanish civil war In China, thanks to Germany's great help, the Spanish fascist dictatorship overthrew the Republic.Therefore, based on this relationship, Spain will definitely join the German side, so it is difficult to predict the future war situation.So this is the external reason for the decline of a "Third Reich".In addition, Hitler made another major mistake at this time. He ordered the Air ForcecommanderGoeringThe air raid on Britain lasted only two or three weeks,britainThe main military facilities of the British did not suffer a devastating attack, on the contrary, they strengthened the fighting spirit of the British people.The German air force did not achieve the goal of hitting Britain hard, and the German navy was difficult to compete with the powerfulbritainThe Royal Navy competes.Without air and sea control, the German army could not land on Britain.Without a complete solution to Britain, the danger of Germany being attacked on both sides will not be completely solved.HitlerAnd ready to attackSoviet Union。
East to the Soviet Union
Nazi Germany mobilized about 17 million troops around the time (accounting for about 40% of the national male population).In addition, Germany hasFinland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia and many other servant countries, with a total of more than 3 million servants.Even in the late 1944, when the situation deteriorated sharply, the Third Reich still had more than 9 million troops。Before the invasion of the Soviet Union, in 1941, there were 8484000 German armed forces, including 1.25 million civilian personnel, 1.68 million air force personnel, 400000 navy personnel, 150000 SS troops and 5 million army personnel (including 3.8 million front-line army personnel and 1.2 million reserve troops).
Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union was just another devastating mistake he made.Before he completely destroyed Britain, he was rightSoviet UnionUndoubtedly, our war is to extend our own front.This was a military taboo, but he had no choice.Once launched, the war machine of Nazi Germany could not be stopped, because Nazi Germany's arms expansion and financial expansion were endless, and this unlimited arms expansion and financial expansion had destroyed Nazi Germany's hematopoietic capacity, forcing them to launch wars again and again to gain gains and wealth from other countries,They plundered the Jews and the occupied areas from the economic perspective and used the looted wealth to pay for their astronomical financial and military expenditures.If this process stops, what awaits them is the inevitable economic collapse and military failure.In other words, Nazi Germany was doomed to failure from the start of the war.
At 3:30 a.m. on June 22, 1941, the first batch of German bombers flew over the Soviet German border and dropped bombs on Belarus. Three minutes later, Ukrainian cities were attacked by air. Ten minutes later, bombs fell on Kaunas and other cities along the Baltic Sea. Then, the German army and its allies had 190 divisions, about 3.5 million people,The Soviet German War broke out when it crossed the border of about 2000 kilometers and launched a comprehensive attack on the Soviet Union.
From October 2, 1941 to December 1, 1941 to January 7, 1942, typhoon actionMoscow CampaignAt first, about 1 million German soldiers gradually broke through the defense line of the Soviet Red Army and pushed eastward from October 2 to November 30, 1941;South line toTulaBelow the city, the north line arrives at Kalinu, and the middle line is just west of MoscowMozaiskAnd Naro Fuminsk, and one of them arrived at theHimki。But even after that, the German army with about 1 million people could no longer break through the defense line of the Soviet Red Army, and had to stop building several temporary and fundamentally ineffective defense lines on December 1. But what they did not expect was that the Soviet Red Army was gathering 1.25 million soldiers near Moscow (including 250000 Red Army soldiers from the Far East).
On December 5, 1941, the Soviet Red Army launched a counter offensive.
The 1.25 million Soviet Red Army counterattacked and drove back about 1 million German troops 250-320 kilometers westward.
The German army failed in typhoon operationMoscow Campaign(October 2, 1941 - December 1, 1941 - January 7, 1942), 35757 German soldiers were killed and 9721 were missing;A total of 45478 people were killed and missingOperation Barbarossa If it fails, it will face the possibility of a long-term war.
From January 8, 1942 to March 1943, the battle of Zezev Sechevka Viazima led to some group armies of the German Central Group Army Group paying heavy casualties, and restrained the Central Group Army Group from fully cooperating with the actions of other group armies.
From January 8 to May 21, 1942Demiyansk siegeThe German army finally succeeded in breaking through the siege, and the 6th Group Army made the second attempt from May 12 to 28, 1942Kharkov battles It successfully disintegrated the attack of the group army of the Soviet Red Army's Semeon Tymoshenko and successfully surrounded the attacking Red Army.As a result, there are 10 army groups and 1.31 million soldiers participating in the warBlue ActionImplementation of.
From June 28, 1942 to September 13, 1942 to February 19, 1943, 10 group armies (Group A: the 1st Armored Group Army, the 17th Group Army, the 11th Group Army, the 4th Group Army of Romania and Group B: the 2nd Group Army, the 2nd Group Army of Hungary, the 2nd Group Army of Romania, the 8th Group Army of Italy, the 4th Armored Group Army, and the 6th Group Army) were put into operationAnd 1.31 million German and Axis alliesBlue ActionAt the beginningBattle of VoronezhIt was successful in, but then it was held by Group ABattle of the CaucasusThey failed to achieve the expected results, and they have formed four infantry armies (270000 people and 500 tanks; 67500 people per infantry army on average, 12 divisions in total, 22500 people per division on average)The 6th German Army GroupThe city wide battle that entered Stalingrad after September 13, 1942 failed to quickly and completely eliminate the 62nd and 64th Group Armies of the Soviet Red Army. It was for the sake of delay and failureEastern Front The turning point of the war.
1941-1942 Continental Situation Map
After September 13, 1942, the 6th German Army Group entered the urban area of Stalingrad to fight all over the city, and was finally captured by the Soviet Red ArmyOperation Uranus (November 19-22, 1942)Operation SaturnIn the counter offensive, he defeated the rest of the peripheral German forces and the Axis League friendly forces, and successfully recovered in the Saturn operation from December 12 to February 19, 1943Blue ActionThe southern territory occupied by 10 German army groups at the beginning.More than 300000 German troops with rich combat experience and combat effectiveness were killed in the battle. After that, the German army was no longer able to launch a large-scale attack on the whole line, and the possibility of the Axis winning completely disappeared.After that, the Soviet Red Army gained the strategic initiative in the war and began to launch large-scale attacks and recover lost territory. Between 1943 and 1944, it launched numerous large-scale offensive campaigns to eliminate about 1 million German troops and forced them to retreat westward.
1941-1942 Continental Situation Map
From February 8 to February 16, 1943, the Soviet Red Army recovered in Operation SaturnKharkovFrom February 9 to 19, 1943, Rostov on the Don River was recovered.This led to the danger that the German army was faced with a complete rout and encirclement.
thereforeErich von MansteinIn the Battle of Donetsk from February 19 to March 15, 1943, they successfully recovered Belgorod, Kharkov, Donetsk and other areas, and prevented the Soviet Red Army from attacking.This gave the German army a valuable opportunity.
From July 5 to July 15, 1943,Battle of Kursk Burst.Because the Soviet army knew in advance that the German army was going to attack here and strengthened the defense line of the place and strengthened enough three front armies (the Central Front ArmyVoronezh Front , Grassland Front Army), which was prepared with a total of 1.91 million troops, failed to achieve the expected plan before the war.
In the subsequent Kutuzov and Rumaintsev operations after July 16, 1943, the German army was attacked by five front armies (the Central Front Army, the Western Front ArmyBryansk Front , Voronezh Front Army, Grassland Front Army), a total of 2.62 million Soviet troops were repulsed in the counter offensive, thus completely losing the strategic initiative of the war.
The demise of the empire
From April 16 to May 8, 1945, during the Second World WarEastern Front In China, the Soviet army carried out the last strategic attack.
The Soviet army has concentratedBelarus1st, 2ndUkrainefirstfront armyThe 100 divisions of the three front armies are 1.5 million troops, with 1000 aircraft, 30000 artillery, 12000 tanks and self-propelled artillery. The enemy in front is the German armyVisvaThe group army and the central group army have a total of 1 million people.
The campaign was launched on April 16, 1945, and successively broke through the Oder River and Nice River defense lines.On the 25th, Berlin was encircled.
The Soviet army is rightBerlinIn the strong attack of, we took multiple attacks to the center. After intense street fighting, we broke into the central area of Berlin and began the strong attack on the 29thHouses of Parliament。
At 3:30 p.m. on the 30th, the German head of stateHitlerAnd his wifeEva Braun He committed suicide in the bunker of the Prime Minister's Office.
On May 2, Commander H of the Berlin Garrison·Wei DelinThe general led his troops to surrender.
On the 8th, Field Marshal Kettle, the representative of the German General Headquarters, signed an unconditional surrender to the Soviet and Allied Expeditionary Forces in Berlin.
During the whole campaign, the Soviet army destroyed 93 German divisions and nearly 1 million German soldiers, including 480000 captured officers and soldiersartillery8600 gates, tanks andSelf-propelled artilleryMore than 1500 vehicles and 4500 aircraft.Soviet Army304000 people were killed, 2156 tanks and self-propelled guns, 1220 guns and 527 planes.
The Soviet Supreme Command, in preparation for the final battle against the German army, the assault on Berlin, strictly adhered to the policy of forcing Germany to unconditionally surrender politically, militarily and economically agreed and announced by the anti Hitler allies.The first and second front armies of Belarus, the first front army of Ukraine,Baltic Fleet (The commander is Admiral Tributz) No. 1, the 18th Group Army of Air Force Long Range Aviation Force (800 aircraft, the commander is Air Force Commander Gorovanov), the National Land Defense Air Force andDnieper RiverArea fleet.In addition, there are the 1st and 2nd Polish army groups.The Soviet army group has 162 infantry divisions and cavalry divisions, 21 tank and mechanized armies, 4 air force group armies, 2.5 million people, about 42000 artillery and pursuit guns, more than 6250 tanks and self-propelled artillery, and 7500 combat aircraft.This resulted in several times the advantages of the German army: 1.5 times more personnel, 3 times more artillery, 3.1 times more tanks and self-propelled artillery, and 1.3 times more aircraft.
The main attack direction of all front armies has greater advantages over the German army.The purpose of the Berlin Campaign was to smash the German army group defending Berlin, capture the German capital Berlin, and make the Soviet army move out of the Elbe River to join the Allies before the end of the campaign.The campaign attempted to stipulate that several fierce assaults should be carried out on the broad front to encircleBerlinThe group shall be divided and eliminated one by one.The headquarters of the Soviet Supreme Command paid special attention to the factor of time, requiring the campaign to be carried out at a high speed and ended within 12-15 days and nights.The commanders of all front armies made up their minds according to the attempt of the stronghold.The First Front Army of Belarus(The commander is the Soviet MarshalZhukov ）They were ordered to attack the 47th Group Army (the commander was Major General Perhorovich), the 3rd Group Army (the 9th Army with tanks was strengthened, and the commander was General Kuznetsov), the 5th Group Army (the commander was General Berzarin), and the 8th Group Army of the guards (the commander wasChuikov General)'s forces carry out the main assault from the Qustrilingdon Land Field, break through the first and second defense zones on the first day of the campaign, and guarantee the 1st Group Army of the Guard Tank (strengthen the 11th Army with tanks, and the commander is General Katukov of the Tank Corps), the 2nd Group Army of the Guard Tank (the commander is Major General Razyevsky)Enter the battle (after the synthetic group army of various arms captured the support point of the Selo highland).By the sixth day of the campaign, the main group of the front army should attack and occupy Berlin. Later, the 9th military affairs of the tank under the jurisdiction of the 3rd group army entered the area west of Berlin on the eighth day and night;The 47th Army Group left the Yibei River before the 11th day.The forces of the 61st Group Army (the commander is Admiral Belov) and the Polish 1st Group Army are north of Qustirlin, while the 69th Group Army (the commander is Admiral Kolpakchi)The 33rd Army Group(The commander is General Zvetayev) and the forces of the 2nd Army of the Guards and Cavalry respectively carried out auxiliary raids to the south of Qusterin.The third group army (commanded by General Gorbatov) is the second echelon of the front army.The 7th Army of Guards and CavalryServe as a reserve team.Infantry and tanks should use darkness 1.5 to 2 hours before dawn to launch impact after 30 minutes of artillery preparation.In order to illuminate the ground during impact, more than 140 searchlights were prepared.
The Soviet army plans to attack Berlin in three ways:Zhukov The Belarusian 1st Front Army under the command of the Marshal, as the most powerful group and the vanguard of the attack, broke through the defense lines on the east and west sides of the Oder River and some nearby areas, and attacked from the east.withkonev The First Front Army of Ukraine under the command of the Marshal went out to the south of the east bank of the Ness River to the foot of the Sudetenland and attacked from the south.withRokosovskyThe Belarusian 2nd Front Army under the command of the Marshal advanced to the lower reaches of the Oder River and attacked from the north.
Approaching Berlin
At 5:00 a.m. on April 16, 1945,Zhukov An attack order was issued.
More than 140searchlightAll the lights came on, and the German positions were illuminated.
After 20 minutes,Soviet ArmyOfshellWhen it was dumped on the German defense positions, bombers roared and dropped a large number of bombs on the German army, and the whole earth fell into a terrible shaking.
The Soviet army rushed to the opposite position by plane.Soon, Zhukov'sThe First Front Army of BelarusIt broke through the first German defense zone outside Berlin.
Meanwhile, to the southkonev The 1st Ukrainian Front Army of the Soviet Union also launched an attack on the banks of the Ness River in the morning and quickly crossed the Ness River.
After Zhukov's Belarusian 1st Front Army broke through the first German defense zone, it reached the second German defense zone at noon that day. However, when the Soviet army advanced to the pivot Nurzelov highland in the defense zone, it was strongly resisted by the German army.
Relying on favorable terrain, the German army tenaciously guarded every trench and every foxhole, and inflicted heavy casualties on the Soviet army.Zhukov then constantly increased his assault force and put two tank armies into battle, but several attacks were repulsed by the German army.
On the morning of April 17, Zhukov concentrated almost all the artillery of the front army. After heavy artillery preparations, nearly 1000 tanks formed a column to advance.A group of tanks in front were hit and caught fire, and a group of tanks in the back then pushed them away and moved on.
Soviet soldiers shouted slogans and rushed forward one after another.At this time, the German troops defending on the highlands were already scarred, unable to withstand the impact of the Soviet army, and began to retreat towards the city of Berlin.
On the morning of April 18, the Soviet army finally captured the Zerov Heights, annihilated nearly 30000 German troops, and continued to advance towards Berlin City.
On the morning of the 20th, under the leadership of General Kuznetsov, the 3rd assault group army of the first front army of Belarus reached the outskirts of Berlin, putting the entire Berlin urban area within the range of its howitzers and cannons.
At 1:30 p.m. on the 20th, the Soviet ground artillery group moved towardsBerlinBombing in the city.
After the 1st Ukrainian Front Army in Konev in the south crossed the Ness River, it broke through the German defense zone on the Ness River, and then forced the SpuLei River, 30 kilometers ahead.When Zhukov's troops were blocked in the Zerov highland, the tank group armies of the first Ukrainian front army first attacked Berlin from the south, the third tank group army broke into the southern suburbs of Berlin, and the fourth tank group army also broke into the southwest suburbs of Berlin.The Belarusian 2nd Front Army of Rokosovsky in the north launched an attack and forced across the East Ode River on the 19th, holding back the German "Visva Group Army Group" in the area north of Berlin.
So far, the German armyOde River——The defense system of the Ness River was broken through by the Soviet army. The three front armies of the Soviet army kept advancing day and night and began to encircle Berlin.The First Front Army of Belarusleft wingThe troops met with the Ukrainian 1st Front Army southeast of Berlin, cutting off the German 9th Army andBerlinAnd encircled the group army.The Belarusian 1st Front Army's troops that circuited back to Berlin from the north met the 4th Tank Group Army of the Ukrainian 1st Front Army west of Berlin, thus completing the encirclement of Berlin.The German army group in the area north of Berlin was also attacked by the Belarusian 2nd Front Army and the Belarusian 1st Front Army's right-wing forces, and was in a very difficult situation.On the same day, the 5th Group Army of the Guards of the 1st Ukrainian Front Army moved westward to the Elbe River and joined the 1st Group Army of the US Army on the western front at the Tor Heights.
Urban battle
In view of the fact that the Soviet army has been under Berlin, Hitler, the head of state, decided to withdraw the German headquarters from Berlin, while he stayed and lived with Berlin.
He ordered that all staff officers and civilian personnel of military organs should participate in the fight without exception.Commanders and German soldiers who did not move should be executed within five hours.
The First Front Army of BelarusThe long-range artillery of the 79th Army of the 3rd Assault Group Army in the establishment first fired at Berlin.After nearly a day of fighting, the German defense line near Berlin was broken.The German defense forces suffered heavy losses in the previous battle and were exhausted, unable to stop the dominantSoviet Red ArmyA powerful assault.
On April 21, the 2nd tank group army and the 47th group army of the guards broke through to the bottom of Berlin. Due to the narrow road, the Soviet army adjusted its tactics and coordinated the tank group army and various arms group army to prepare to eliminate the remaining enemies.On the same day, the tank troops of the First Front Army of Ukraine also approached the Berlin defensive circle.Konev strengthened the 10th Artillery Army, the 25th Assault Division and the 23rd Antiaircraft Gun Division to the 3rd Group Army of Guard Tanks, and the 2nd Army of Fighter Airmen served as air cover.On the same day, the Soviet army transferred large caliber fortress guns from the rear to destroy the German strongholds. Each shell weighed 500 kg. In the next 13 days of fighting, the fortress guns fired about 1.8 million shells, an unprecedented battle.
On the morning of April 26, thousands of Soviet planes dropped thousands of tons of bombs and gasoline bombs again over Berlin.On the ground, nearly a thousand guns have been deployed every mile to focus on shooting, and Berlin has suddenly become a dark world.After the bombing and shooting, Zhukov's Belarusian 1st Front Army sent countless commandos and commandos to break into the city from all directions.
WithStalingradSoviet soldiers knew how to capture a city.Before the attack, the Soviet army first bombarded the target area with artillery and aircraft. The infantry, under the cover of tanks and engineers equipped with flamethrowers and explosives, moved forward in small segments, infiltrated into the backyard, basement, even subway and sewer, and captured every street and building.butBerlinIt is a city carefully fortified by the German army. The defense system is complete and the fortifications are very solid.The closer to the city center, the harder it was for the Soviet army to advance.Solid buildings, concealed basementsSubway, drainage ditches, and so on, all provided support for the German army to carry forward its firepower.As a result, the Soviet army had to fight for buildings one by one and seize them street by street, and paid a heavy price every time they went further.
At this time, Hitler insisted.His defense commander to BerlinWei DelinHe said, "The situation will get better. Our 9th Army Group is about to arrive in Berlin. Together with the 12th Army Group, we will launch counter raids against the enemy. The Russians will suffer the worst defeat in Berlin."
German generals who always "reported good news but not bad news" to the head of state did not understand that the 9th Group Army under the command of General Gishi, who was deployed in the southeast of Berlin, had been divided and surrounded by the Soviet army and could not move to Berlin.The 12th Group Army, which was defending the Elbe River in the southwest of Berlin, was led by General Wenke to approach Berlin desperately. However, due to the containment of the US military and the resistance of the Soviet army, it could not move any further after entering the Ferch region.Hitler, who was almost isolated from the outside world, was still sending radio telegrams signed by him to dispatch troops and generals in the underground bunker of the Prime Minister's Office.In fact, some generals can no longer carry out his orders so resolutely.
Soviet ArmyAttackedBerlin In the 9th area of the 12th Army, Kettle sent a telegram to Berlin, admitting that the 12th Army could not continue to advance and the 9th Army could not break out of the encirclement.
HitlerThe last glimmer of hope was dashed.Weidelin, the commander of the Berlin garrison, proposed to Hitler the plan for the garrison to break through the capital, and promised that "the head of state will leave Berlin safely".He also reported that ammunition was only enough for two days and nights, and food and medicine were almost exhausted.General Klebbs, the chief of the army's general staff, supported Weidlin's breakthrough proposal and believed that from a military point of view, this plan was possible.
However, Hitler realized that he had lost the war completely.He refused to leave Berlin. He wanted to stay here until the last moment of his life.
The First Front Army of BelarusThe 3rd Commando Group Army and the 8th Guard Group Army forced into the Thiel Garden District of Berlin, which is the last support point of the Berlin garrison. Since the position has the government office, the parliament building, the Supreme Command and other supreme head offices that symbolize the power of the Third Reich, the Berlin garrison headquarters deployed the most elite SS troops here.The 8th Group Army of the guards under the command of General Cuikov first attacked the position, crossed the Randeville Canal that afternoon, occupied the German communication hub, and cut off the main communication links between Berlin and the outside world.Late at night, under the command of General Kuznetsov, the 3rd Commando Group Army launched a strong attack on the Interior Ministry building outside the Parliament Building.
The German army carried out the most stubborn resistance, and the battle lasted until late at night on the 29th. When almost all the troops were killed, the building was captured by the Soviet army.
At 1 a.m. on the 29th, Hitler announced thatEva Braun Hold a wedding ceremony.After the wedding, Hitler dictated his will and appointed the admiralDonitz As his successor, he decided to commit suicide and hoped that their bodies would be cremated in the Prime Minister's Office.At 3:30 p.m. on the 30th, Hitler and his wife, who had been married only one day, were both poisoned in the dormitory of the underground bunkercommit suicide。While taking poison, Hitler also raised his gun against his owntemplePull the trigger.
GoebbelsThey carried the remains of Hitler and Eva to a crater in the garden of the Prime Minister's Office, poured gasoline on them and cremated them.
The battle of the Soviet army attacking and occupying the Capitol is still going on fiercely, and the 150th Infantry Division of the 3rd Assault Group Army is the closestHouses of ParliamentOf the army.At 6:00 p.m. on the 30th, Soviet soldiers launched another attack on the building.Nearly 2000 German troops were stationed here. Their stubborn resistance made the Soviet army pay a heavy price every time they went further.In the bloody battle, even if the Soviet army occupied the lower floor of the building, the German army guarding the upper floor would not surrender, so the Soviet army had to fight with the enemy floor by floor. At any corner of the building, there were fierce battles.The Soviet army smashed the resistance of the defending enemy one by one with the powerful force pouring into the building.At 21:50,Soviet heroesSergeant Mikhail Yegorov and Corporal Melitan Kantaria planted the Soviet red flag on the dome of the main building of the Parliament Building.
Late at night on the 30th, the German army broadcast a request for a temporary ceasefire and asked for negotiations with the Soviet army.At 3:55 a.m. on May 1, General Krebs, the Chief of the General Staff of the German Army, went out of the underground shelter of the Imperial General Office with a white flag and went to the front command post of the 8th Soviet Army to negotiate. Krebs said to Cuikov, "I want to tell you something that is absolutely confidential. You are the first foreigner I reported it to. Hitler committed suicide yesterday.".Krebs then asked the Soviet army to stop the war and wait until Germany formed a new government before negotiating.Cuikov immediately reported the situation to Zhukov by phone.Ten minutes later,StalinfromMoscowThe supreme order was sent: "The German army can only surrender unconditionally without any negotiations. It will not talk with Krebs or any other fascists.".At 9:45, Zhukov, on behalf of the Soviet army, issued an ultimatum to the German army in Berlin according to Stalin's instructions: the German army must surrender completely, or the Soviet army will carry out the final assault on the German army at 10:40.Cuikov asked Krebs to take the ultimatum back to Goebbels and others. Goebbels saw the ultimatum and knew there was no room for bargaining, so he asked his wife to usePotassium cyanideThe capsule poisoned his six children. In the evening, Goebbels committed suicide in the garden of the Chancellery.
German commander of Berlin city defenseWei DelinThe general went to Trekov's forward command post and signed the surrender order.By noon, about 150000 of Berlin's remaining defenders had surrendered.So far, the final battle of the Soviet German War, the Berlin War, ended.In this battle, the Soviet army wiped out 100000 German troops, captured more than 480000 people, destroyed and captured more than 12000 tanks and self-propelled artillery, destroyed and captured more than 6000 aircraft, and destroyed and captured 23000 various artillery.
May 9, 1945HitlerheirDonitz On behalf of the German Supreme Command, Field Marshal Kettle, Admiral Shtumpfer and Admiral Friedberg formally signed the unconditional surrender to the Soviet Union and its allies in the canteen hall of the Berlin Military Engineering Academy.From then on, the Third Empire also withdrew from the stage of history.The once flying representativeNazismAnd the glory of war“Swastika”The flag no longer exists.In 2020, Russia released part of its collection of historical archives detailing the occupation of Berlin in 1945.[2]
administrative division
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During the Second World War,France, the Three Low Countries (Netherlands)Norway、Finland、Italy, except for the Soviet UnionSlavic nationalityThe country is in the Third Reich at this timePuppet governmentOr under military control, only the Soviet Union and Britain remained sovereign and independent throughout Europe,Spain、Portugal、Sweden、Switzerlandremain neutral.
Native administrative divisions of Nazi Germany
Politics
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party
Nazi Party(NSDAP), in fact, the Allied forces against the German nationSocialist Workers Party The title of.So called“Nazism”ActuallyNational socialismIt is a representative fascism.The introduction in Dieter Rapp's History of Germany - From the Ancient Empire to the Second Republic is better.
utilizeReichstag Fire"Put the politicalleftExclude. ""The adoption of a new emergency decree, namely, the Presidential Decree on the Protection of the People and the State, actually temporarily abolished all basic rights." The Congress obtained a weak majority and was able to take office.
Amend the Constitution and submit it to the Congress《Authorization Law》, "legislative powerGrant to the government. "After the passing of the "Authorization Law", Hitler issued a decree, "Cancel the state parliaments, and make the state governments fully subordinate to the central government. In this way, for the first time in history, Germany becameCentralizationCountries ".
Political parties and trade unions are prohibited. "There are only 'the only political party, the German National Socialist Workers' Party' and its affiliated groups left. The law was published, and this party was publicized as' inextricably linked with the country '".
CentralizationHitlerAs the saying goes: "One person holding several positions of the party, the state and the administration has become a rapidly realized principle of national socialist rule."
The Nazi Party organized an "elite organization" with various functions——SS(Schutzstaffel, abbreviated as SS, is marked by two lightning letters S, representing victory and the sun), which includes quasi religious functions, intelligence agency functions, quasi police functions and an armed force (called the "Waffen SS").This army was originally composed of people of Aryan origin who had been strictly selected (but in the later period, with the deterioration of the situation, the composition became mixed, and even the hooligans on the street could participate). It was known as the elite of the Nazi armed forces, and often acted as a battlefield fireman in the later period of the war.
Nazi German Parliament
Country name
Nazi Deutschland (1933.1-1945.5) was officially named Deutsche Reich and Gro ß deutsche Reich, also known asThe Third Reich（Drittes Reich）。Usually refers to Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was under Adolf Hitler's dictatorship and national socialism（FascismAnd socialist variants).
National socialismAlso known asNazism, "Nazi" is the abbreviation of the German "National socialist", which originally means the German National Socialist Workers' Party (NSDAP)the National Socialist Party）Party members and supporters of.Now in Europe (especially in Germany), it generally refers to the extreme right fascists.
Nazi German territory
regime
The Nazi regime was characterized by political control over all aspects of society (integration,Gleichschaltung），In pursuit of race（Aryan, Nordic Caucasians), social and cultural purity.The Nazis achieved their goals by persecuting what was considered impure, especially for minorities such asIsrael、gypsy、homosexualityAnd political enemies (see German Resistance Movement for the political opposition in this period).This persecution peaked in the last years of the regime.About six million Jews, ten millionSlavicAnd various other people were killed in an organized way.This kind of genocide is called Holocaust (meaning“massacre”）, onHebrewShoah in German“Final solution”(Endl ö sung, killing Jews is generally called "final settlement").
National symbol
national emblem
The origin of the German national emblem can be traced back to the 12th century, when it once ruledPrussia, later became the German royal familyHohenzollern family 。Since ancient times, the German people's reverence for eagles has been devout and profound.As early asRoman timesThe eagle is regarded as the symbol of the supreme God, which protects the descendants and believers of God from harm.God compares himself to an eagle. Whoever believes in it can fly like an eagle and constantly gain new vitality.At the same time, it is also the bird of the sun, whose sharp eyes can withstand the sun god's radiation.stayFeudal dynastyTime, the eagle isImperial powerThe emperors hoped to make the throne permanent.As early as the ninth century, the eagle has appeared in the picture.It is said that the pattern was introduced into Germany from the Roman Empire by the army of Charles I, the king of Franks.
National Emblem of Nazi Germany
national flag
It is a horizontal rectangle, and the ratio of length to width is 5:3.From top to bottom, it is composed of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, black, red and yellow.The origin of the tricolor flag varies. It can be traced back to the Roman Empire in the first century AD, and later to the 16th century ADGerman Peasant WarGermany in the 17th centurybourgeois-democratic revolutionIn China, the tricolor flag representing the republic also flew on the land of Germany.After the fall of the German Empire in 1918,Weimar Republic The national flag is also black, red and yellow.The Imperial Flag Law promulgated on September 15, 1935 stipulates that from that day on, the German national flag can only be a swastika (with left-handed swastika), and the black white red tricolor flag can no longer be used as the national flag.September 1949Federal Republic of GermanyEstablished, it still adopts the tricolor flag of Weimar Republic;Established in October of the same yearGerman Democratic RepublicThe tricolor flag is also used, but the hammer, gauge, ear of wheat and other national emblem patterns are added in the middle of the flag to show the difference.On October 3, 1990, the unified Germany still usedFlag of the Federal Republic of Germany。The tricolor national flag can be hung at airports, hotels, banquets and other occasions.Federal government agencies and embassies abroad hang national flags with black eagle patterns.
national anthem
Germany is above everything.Nazi PartyStormtrooperLeaderHorst Wessel The march "Wessel Falls Down", which was composed during his lifetime, was designated as the party song of the Nazi Party by Joseph Goebbels, the propaganda minister during the Nazi Germany period (October 25, 1897 May 1, 1945). Since then, this song has been regarded as the official song of the Nazi Party ceremony and the unofficial national anthem of Nazi Germany since 1934.
Economics
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After the development of two four-year plans, the economy of Nazi Germany basically recovered: 1933Gross National Product(At 1928 prices) about 73.7 billion empiremark。At constant prices, Germany's GDP in 1938 reached 126.4 billion imperial marks.However, the average annual economic growth of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1938 was 2.6% lower than the average of 2.9% from 1870 to 1913, and far lower than 7.6% from 1950 to 1960 or 6.2% from 1950 to 1970.Therefore, the economy of Nazi Germany can only be called recovery.
Agriculture
In the agricultural field, before the Nazi Party came to power in 1932, the total output value of German agriculture, forestry and fishery was 8.713 billion gold marks. In the first year of Nazi rule, it increased to 10.29 billion gold marks, 9.553 billion in 1934, 9.206 billion in 1935, 10.598 billion in 1936, 9.515 billion in 1937, and 10.259 billion in 1938.Food Self-Sufficiency Ratio From 75% in 1932 to 80% in 1933-1934 and 83% in 1938-1939.In 1928, 68% of the food calories consumed "came from their own" supply, 75% in 1932, and 81% in 1936.From 1937 to 1938, 89% of German grain, 90% of milk products, 95% of meat products, 74% of fish consumption and 79% of egg consumption were produced domestically.
Industry
In 1936, German industrial production recovered to the level of 1929;From 1937 to 1938, it continued to rise.The speed of industrial development in Germany is beyond the reach of the United States, Britain, France and other countries.According to the data of British scholar Toynbee, Germany accounted for 14.3% of the world's manufacturing output in 1938, more than the combined production of France and the United Kingdom.By 1938, Germany's steel output reached 23.3 million tons, ranking first in Europe.By 1939, Germany's aluminum output was 199000 tons, ranking first in the capitalist world.Germany controls 2/3 of pigment production and 90% of pigment output in the capitalist world.In the 1930s, Germany controlled 70% of the world's potassium output.Germany has the largest number of radios per capita in the world.
From 1933 to 1939, German military production increased sevenfold.Taking the production of military aircraft as an example, the output in 1934 was 840, while in 1939 it reached 4733.A large number of German airports, defense roads and fortifications have been put into operation.All these provided important conditions for Hitler's army to achieve successive victories in the early stages of the war.
Iron Cross Medal - 1939
foreign trade
Germany, through the implementation of the "transfer liquidation system"Central EuropeandSoutheast EuropeIt has increasingly established its own economic advantages.In 1938, in Hungary, RomaniaYugoslavia、BulgariaGermany has accounted for 30%, 35%, 33%, 48% and 29% of the import trade of Greece.From 1933 to 1938, Germany increased its exports to Latin American countries such as Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru through barter trade, quota system and other means.By 1939, Germany had accounted for 1/4 of the export share of the Latin American countries mentioned above.Although Germany's share in the import volume of these countries is still lower than that of the United States, its export growth rate is significantly higher than that of the United States.
Germany's exports are mainly industrial products, while its imports are mainly raw materials and food.In 1937, German industrial finished products accounted for 82% of the total output (73% in 1929), while raw materials and semi-finished products accounted for only 16.5%.Among the finished products exported from Germany, the most important ones are machinery and equipment, optical instruments and precision mechanical equipment.Chemical industrial products are an important part of Germany's output, which once ranked first in the world. Such products accounted for 12-13% of Germany's total output.The raw materials exported from Germany are mainly coal and coke, and the semi-finished products exported from Germany are mainly ferrous metals and nonferrous metals.
Germany's foreign investment in 1938 was only 676 million dollars.If patent rights, hidden capital and other property pages are included, Germany's foreign capital was about 6.2 billion dollars at the end of World War II.Germany in Asian countries (ChinaJapan、IranAnd so on).In 1937, Germany invested 137 million dollars in China.
finance
Germany's foreign debt increased from 20 billion yuan in 1932markIt dropped to DM 9 billion in 1938, the bank interest rate dropped from 6% to 3%, and the national income rose from DM 43 billion to DM 80 billion.
In the field of employment, two years after Hitler took office, the number of unemployed people in Germany dropped from 6 million to 4 million, and by 1936, they had basically reached full employment.With September 30 as the annual statistical deadline, Germany's unemployment rate in 1933 was 20%;20.5% in 1934;9.6% in 1935;5.7% in 1936;2.5% in 1937;In 1938, it was only 0.95%.The number of unemployed people in Germany was 5.5 million in 1933, 2 million in 1935, less than 1 million in 1937, and only tens of thousands in 1939. Unemployment was basically "eliminated", and there was a shortage of labor.
In other fields, from 1933 to 1939, Germany's railway operating mileage increased from 581.85 thousand kilometers to 619.4 thousand kilometers;A four lane highway system called "autobahn" has been built. The highway has meandered for 2000 miles in central Germany. Drivers can drive straight for several hours at an amazing speed of 50 miles per hour.This can be said to be the pioneer of modern highways.Ordinary Germans can enjoy the convenience of the highway system as long as they have a car, and Hitler promised to provide a car for every working family.A healthy lifestyle includes sports, military parades, torch parades, and even the Olympic Games, a noble event.
CommerzbankDeposits increased from 6.953 billion marks in 1933 to 8.298 billion marks in 1938;Government revenue and main taxes increased from 6.85 billion marks in 1933 to 23.575 billion marks in 1938;However, if the price index was 100 in 1913, it only changed from 68 to 78 from 1933 to 1939.The level of urbanization has also been improved. Germany's urban population increased from 67.2% of the total population in 1933-1939 to 69.9%. It is estimated that more than 1 million German farmers moved to cities from 1933 to 1939.In particular, Germany's achievements can be fully demonstrated by the successful hosting of the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin. Hitler announced the opening of the magnificent Olympic Stadium in Berlin, which cost 77 million marks, with a style of kingship. At this moment, Berlin became the "capital of the world".
population
According to the figure in Germany in the Weimar Republic, in 1933, the population of Germany was about 66030000. When it was merged by Germany, Austria had nearly 7 million people, Sudetenland had 3 million people, Sal had 750000 people (I don't know whether this area has been included in the German population statistics mentioned above), Mehmel should have more than 10000 people, and Poland had 2 million Germans,Romania 900000, Italy 250000, Alsace Lorraine 1.5 million.
Sociology
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Nazi Germany spent about 5 billion marks on public works from 1933 to 1934.Among them, the largest is the construction of roads (mainly expressways), totaling 1.61 billion marks, followed by the construction of public buildings and residences (many later became barracks), about 700 million marks, about 700 million marks for reclamation of wasteland and soil improvement, 350 million marks for river regulation, canal digging and bridge erection, and about 500 million marks for repair and renewal of railway equipment;Grants and tax relief for private participants in public works are about DM 600 million to DM 700 million.
The new monetary economic policy refused to accept foreign loans and took production as the basis of German currency, rather than gold as the standard.Carry out import and export trade by direct barter.To stop the so-called "freedom of foreign exchange" means to allow gambling in currency and move private property from one country to another according to political conditions.When people and materials are available for work, they will make money instead of borrowing money from foreign countries.
Social welfare policies.Vigorously promoteSocial insurance systemTo increase and improve the social welfare of citizens.We expanded the paid leave system for workers, built a number of sanatoriums and hotels, and enabled workers to enjoy the vacation tours that only the bourgeoisie could enjoy in the past.Improve the working conditions and working environment of workers through labor beautification activities.
These measures have played a great role in starting the German economy at the lowest point of the crisis and reducing the huge number of unemployed people.In an objective evaluation of Hitler, his contribution to the German economy cannot be denied. In terms of economic development, from 1932 to 1937, Germany's national production grew by 102% and its national income doubled.The Nazis created the miracle of German economic recovery.Hitler and his Nazi party made Germany, which had failed twenty years ago, rise again as a European power.
Advocated by Nazi GermanyNational socialismAlso known as Nazism."Nazi" is the abbreviation of the German "National socialist", which originally means the National socialist Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)Nazi Party）Party members and supporters of.Today in Europe (especially in Germany), it generally refers to the extreme rightFascismThe.As shown in the picture "The Flag of the German National Socialist Workers' Party", it is the flag of Nazi Germany, which is regarded as bloody after World War IIslaughterThe symbol of terror is forbidden in most occasions (except for educational research, filming anti Nazism films and TV works, criticism and other purposes). In daily life, especially when dealing with European countries, try to avoid the flag.
The flag of the German National Socialist Workers' Party
Nazism believes thatGerman nationIt is an excellent nation,SlavAnd other ethnic groups are regarded as inferior ethnic groups (this isExtreme nationalismPan Germanism in);Also known as the Jews are the most dangerous among inferior nations.Hitler also promised to abolish the Nazi Party immediately after it came to powerTreaty of Versailles, reorganize the armaments, recover the lost land, and establish a great German empire of the German nation, namely the Third Reich (the Holy Roman Empire from 962-1806 AD was the First Reich; the German Empire from 1871-1918 AD was the Second Reich).In this regard, it is one of the reasons for the prosperity of the Third Reich. Hitler's "My Struggle" has infected most German young people ideologically, making them actively join the army. In a sense, it has indeed united the whole Germany and provided a powerful weapon for future wars.On the other hand, Germany's capitalist development did not go throughbourgeois revolutionAs a result, a large number of feudal remnants remained politically, which indirectly led to Hitler's smooth implementation of the foreign expansion policy.
HitlerHe said, "National socialism neither regards individuals nor human beings as the starting point for its consideration, opinions and decisionsblood kinshipThe phenomenon of decision, which believes that it is a part of human society granted by God.Individuals will die, and nations will live forever. The worship of individuals in the liberal world will inevitably lead to the destruction of nations.contrary,National socialismIt is required to protect the nation and sacrifice individuals when necessary.Everyone must gradually realize that his self is insignificant compared with the existence of the whole nation. "
