The Republic of NamibiaSouth West Africa, adjacent to Angola and Zambia in the north, and adjacent to Angola and Zambia in the east and southbotswanaandSouth Africa, the Atlantic Ocean to the west.The coastline is 1600 kilometers long.Most areas in the whole territory are 1000~1500 meters above sea level.The western coastal and eastern inland areas are deserts, and the northern areas are plains, with a land area of 824269 square kilometers,Population 2.57 million (2022)[8]88% are black, and white and colored people account for about 12% of the total population.The Aowanbo nationality is the largest nationality, accounting for 50% of the total population. The capital, Windhoek, is divided into 14 administrative regions.
From the 15th to the 18th century,Netherlands、Portugal、britainAnd other colonists invaded successively.1890GermanyOccupation.In July 1915, South Africa sent troops to occupySouth West Africa(now Namibia).On December 17, 1920, the League of Nations "entrusted" South Africa to rule the area.South Africa annexed it in 1949.In 1960, the South West African People's Organization was established and began to fight for national independence.In 1966, the United Nations General Assembly changed the name of "South West Africa" to "Namibia" according to the decision of the people of South West Africa.On March 21, 1990, it became the last country on the African continent to achieve national independence.The next day,ChinaEstablish diplomatic relations with Namibia.
Before the arrival of western colonists, Namibian local residents engaged in fishing and hunting, and planting.
In the 15th century, Dutch, Spanish, British and other colonists came one after another.
In 1884, Germany occupied the coastal area and the whole territory in 1890.
In July 1915, South Africa sent troops to occupySouth West Africa(now Namibia).
On December 17, 1920,League of Nations"Entrust" South Africa to rule the land.South Africa annexed it in 1949.
In April 1960,South West African People's OrganizationIt was founded and led the people to start the armed struggle for national independence on August 26, 1966.
In May 1967, the special session of the General Assembly decided to establish the South West Africa Council (later renamed asUnited Nations Council for Namibia）As the local administration, it is responsible for ending the illegal occupation of South Africa.
On September 29, 1978, the United Nations adopted resolution 435, calling for the termination of South African rule and the realization of Namibia's independence through a referendum under the supervision of the United Nations.
In November 1989, the Constituent Assembly was elected under the supervision of the United Nations, and the South West African People's Organization won power.
In February 1990,Sam Nujoma Elected as the first head of state.
On March 21, 1990, Namibia officially declared its independence and was named the Republic of Namibia.It also marked the end of the colonial era.
In April 1990, it was accepted as the 160th member of the United Nations.
geographical environment
Announce
edit
Regional location
Namibia is located in the southwest of Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Angola and Zambia in the north and northeast, Botswana in the east and South Africa in the south.Namibia has a land area of 824000 square kilometers, ranking 15th in Africa and 34th in the world.It is about 1300 kilometers long from north to south, narrow from south to north, 480~930 kilometers wide from east to west, and 1600 kilometers long.[5]
topographic features
National map
There is a long and narrow plain along the coast of Namibia;The inland is all plateau and mountain, with an altitude of more than 1000 meters and the highest point of 2600 meters.The central part is the central highland;The east is part of the Kalahari Basin;The western coastal area is a desert plain.Located to the north by westBrandt HillWith an altitude of 2610 meters, it is the highest point in the whole territory.SouthernOrange RiverAnd northernInternal river in reservoir, the same asSouth AfricaandAngolaThe boundary river of.
Tectonically, Namibia is located in the northwest of the famous Kalahari craton. The oldest stratum exposed in Namibia is the Lower Proterozoic, with an exposed area of about 4600 bedrock, and the coverage area of Tertiary modern sedimentation (Kalahari layer) is about 54%.In terms of regional tectonic units, the regional geological structure of Namibia consists of the following three types of units:
The shield area is mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest of Namibia, and consists of the early and middle Proterozoic metamorphic rocks directly exposed to the basement and the ancient igneous rocks intruded into it. The protolith of the metamorphic stratum is a set of marine geosyncline deposits, and the main metal mineralization in it includes Au, CuPbandZnEtc.
Rift valley activity zone is widely distributed in Namibia.In the late Proterozoic era, large-scale rifting took place in the Namibian ancient land, in which huge thick rift type deposits were developed. In the later stage of the rift, folding deformation occurred, accompanied by intrusion of igneous rocks. The main metal mineralization in the rift was CuPb、Zn、U、Mo、Fe、Sn、W、Rare earth, Au, etc.
Desert in Namibia
In the platform area, there are unmetamorphosed and tectonically alteredsedimentary rockZone.
The strata of various ages developed in Namibia are: (1) Lower middleProterozoicVaalian system and Mokolian system: a set of intermediate basic volcanic rocksVolcaniclastic rockandclastic sedimentary rocks Sedimentation, most of which have undergone strong metamorphismMetamorphic basement。(2) Damara system of Upper Proterozoic: a set of continental rift type deposits, mainlyFluvial facies、Lacustrine faciesClastic rock deposits and rift volcanic rock deposits, and marine clastic rock and carbonate deposits in the middle and late stages.（3）CambrianNama group: a setPlatform coverType deposits, mainly composed of a set of shallow marineclastic rock、carbonate rocks Sedimentary composition.（4）Karo。Sequence: It is a set of platform cover deposits, composed of sedimentary rock and volcanic rock. The sedimentary rock series is located at the lower part, mainly composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale, containing important coal seams, and its age is Carboniferous~the triassic period；The volcanic rock series is located in the upper part and formed in the Jurassic Baikui Period.
Affected by Pan African orogeny, the Namibian tectonic line is mainly NW and NE trending, mainly composed of a series of thrust faults and fold structures, which not only controlled the distribution of Namibian igneous rocks since the late Proterozoic, but also controlled the latesedimentary basin Formation andsedimentary rockThe layout of.
Climatic characteristics
Namibia has a subtropical arid and semi-arid climate, with an annual average of 300 sunny days. It is one of the driest countries in sub Saharan Africa.The average annual rainfall is 270 mm, and the annual rainfall varies from less than 50 mm in the coastal area, 350 mm in the central area to 700 mm in the northeast. Except for the rainfall in winter (June September) in the southernmost area, 70% of the rainfall in the country is concentrated from November to March of the next year.
Due to the high terrain, the air temperature is slightly lower than that of other regions at the same latitude in the world. It is mild all year round, and the temperature difference between day and night is large.The year is divided into four seasons: early spring in September, summer in December, autumn in March, and winter solstice in June.The average daytime temperature in the mainland is 20-34 ° C in summer, and the temperature in remote northern and southern areas is often higher than 40 ° C.The average daytime temperature in winter in the mainland is 18-25 ° C, and the nighttime temperature is often lower than 0 ° C, and there is often ground fog.Affected by Benguela cold current, the temperature in coastal areas is kept at 15-25 ° C all the year round, and there is often thick fog at night.
natural resources
Announce
edit
Namibia is rich in mineral resources, known as the "strategic metal reserve".More than 30 kinds of minerals have been mined, of which diamonds, uranium, copper, lead, zinc and gold are the most valuable. 90% of mineral products are exported.
Namibia is extremely rich in marine fishery resources. It is the third largest fishing country in Africa and the third largest source of income after mining and tourism. Fishery exports account for about 15% of total exports.The main products are cod, tuna, sardines, mackerel, lobster, crab, etc., 90% of which are for export.There are only more than 300 fishing vessels registered in Namibia, with an annual fishing volume of 500000 to 800000 tons, an annual output value of about 480 million dollars, and direct employment of 16800 jobs.[1]
administrative division
Announce
edit
Zoning
Namibia is divided into 14 administrative regions (provinces), including Zambezi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango East, Okavango West, OmahekeOmusati, Oshana, Oshikoto and Otjozondjupa.The capital isWindhoek（Windhoek）。[1]
major city
capitalWindhoekIt is located in the central plateau, with an altitude of 1650 meters, a population of 405000, and an annual maximum temperature of 30 ℃ and minimum temperature of 7 ℃.It is the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of the country. Industry, commerce and tourism are prosperous. It has an international airport and convenient road network and railway lines.
Other important cities are: the northern border commercial and transportation center, Osakati, which is also the second most populous city.Chumeibu is a mining and smelting center in the north, rich in copper, gold, lead, zinc, etc., with convenient transportation and complete recreational and sports facilities.Ludritz Port is a major fishing port on the southwest coast, a famous tourist spot and diamond mining area.SwakopmundIt is a famous coastal city (30km away from Whale Bay). The city is clean and cool, with prosperous commerce and tourism. It is a summer resort.Kalibibu is a semi precious stone and industrial ore base in the central and western regions, and its animal husbandry is thriving.Okivalongo is an agricultural and animal husbandry center in the north central China, with convenient transportation and a wildlife park nearby.Kitmanshop is a transportation center and purple lamb breeding center in the south.Orange Mond is a diamond processing center.[5]
National symbol
Announce
edit
national flag
Namibia National Emblem
Flag of Namibia It was opened on March 21, 1990.The national flag is rectangular, with a length to width ratio of 3:2.The upper left and lower right of the flag are two equal right triangles, blue and green, and a red wide band with white thin edges on both sides runs diagonally from the lower left corner to the upper right corner.There is a golden sun that radiates 12 rays in the upper left corner of the flag.The sun symbolizes life and ability, and the golden yellow represents warmth and the plains and deserts of the country;Blue symbolizes the skyAtlantic, marine resources and water and their importance;Red symbolizes the heroism of the people and expresses their determination to build an equal and beautiful future;Green represents the plants and agriculture of the country;White symbolizes peace and unity.
national emblem
Namibia National EmblemIt is a shield micro with a national flag pattern painted in the center. The yellow at the bottom of the shield micro represents vastNamib Desert；Under the desert is a white ribbon engraved with the constitutional principles of the country in English: "unity, freedom and justice".The eagle above the coat of arms represents water resources, and the eagle claw is painted with the country's major mineral resources diamonds;Two Namibian unique African right angled antelopes stand on both sides, epitomizing the rich natural resources.
national anthem
Namibia, A Place of Courage
Main idea of lyrics: Namibia, a brave land, we won the victory in the struggle for freedom. The glory belongs to those brave men who fought for freedom.We offer love and loyalty, unite together, and build a beautiful Namibia, our country Namibia.The banner of freedom is held high on the lovely plain.Our country Namibia, our motherland Namibia, we love you.
national flower
Millennium orchid
national bird
Laniarius atrococcineus
Population and nationality
Announce
edit
Simba in Namibia
According to the 2018 Labor Force Survey Report issued by the Namibia Bureau of Statistics, Namibia has a national population of 2.414 million.The population in rural areas accounts for 50.1%, while the urban population accounts for 49.9%.The population density is less than 3 people per square kilometer, making it one of the countries with the lowest population density in the world.The labor force accounts for 45.2% of the national population, of which 0.07% have received college education or above.In 2021, the population will be 2.59 million.
Among Namibia's 14 provinces, the central Homas Province has the largest population, accounting for 18.5% of the national population.The northern Ohanguina District accounts for 10.8%, and Omusati accounts for 10.5%.The population of Karas Province in the south, Hadap Province, Kunene Province in the northwest and Omachko Province in the east is relatively small.
The Owambo is the largest tribe in Namibia, accounting for 50% of the national population.Other major tribes are: Kawango, Damara, Herero, Caprivi, Nama, Bushman, Rehobot and Tswana.[5]
Politics
Announce
edit
regime
The Constitution adopted in 1990 stipulates that Namibia is a sovereign, independent, unified and secular republic;The separation of three powers, the bicameral parliament and the Prime Minister's cabinet system are implemented.After independence, the political situation has remained stable.The People's Organization Party Government attaches importance to education, health, infrastructure construction, etc., pays attention to the improvement of people's lives, and economic and social undertakings continue to develop.In November 2009, Na held presidential and national assembly elections. The People's Group Party won, and its candidate, Shifikepunye Pohamba, was re elected president.Later, President Bohamba appointed Genghbor as Prime Minister.In November 2014, Nagorny held presidential and national assembly elections. As the presidential candidate of the People's Organization Party, Genghib participated in the election and was elected president with 87% of the votes. He took office on March 21, 2015.In November 2019, Nagorny held the sixth presidential and national assembly elections after independence. President Ghenglob won re-election with 56.3% of the votes, and took office on March 21, 2020.On February 4, 2024, President Ghenglob died of illness.Vice President Mbumba takes over the presidency in accordance with the Constitution and will serve until the newly elected President of Namibia takes office in March 2025.[8]
constitution
The current Constitution was formulated in February 1990 and has been revised several times since.The Constitution stipulates that the separation of three powers, the bicameral parliament and the presidential cabinet system are implemented in Ghana. The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander in chief of the armed forces. The term of office is five years, and may not exceed two terms;On the proposal of the Cabinet, the President may announce the dissolution of the National Assembly and hold national elections;At the same time, the President shall resign and elect a new President within 90 days after the dissolution of Parliament;The amendment of the Constitution must be approved by 2/3 majority of both houses of Parliament.[1]
parliament
It is composed of the National Assembly and the National Council.Each term of the National Assembly is five years.The current National Assembly was formed in March 2020, with 104 seats in total. Among the 96 directly elected seats, 63 seats are people formed parties, and 8 members are nominated by the President for a term of office until March 2025.Peter Katjavivi, President of the National Assembly, took office in March 2015 and was re elected in March 2020.
The National Committee is composed of 42 representatives elected by 14 district committees.Meetings shall be held at least twice a year.The President has no authority to dissolve the National Council.The Sixth National Committee was established in December 2020 and will serve until December 2025.Hon. Lukas Sinimbo Muha, Chairman.[1]
party
There are more than 40 large and small political parties, 10 of which have seats in the current National Assembly.The main political parties are:
(1) South West African People's Organization SWAPO Party: it is called People's Organization Party for short.It was founded on April 19, 1960, formerly the Orwaboran People's Organization, which was founded in 1958. It was widely supported by the largest ethnic group, the Orwaboran, and other social strata. It began armed struggle in August 1966, won the election of the Constituent Assembly in November 1989, and became the ruling party.In December 1991, Namibia held its first national congress after independence, and decided to transform itself from a national liberation organization to a mass political party.In November 2022, the seventh National Congress was held. Hag Genghib, Netongbo Nandi Ndetwa were re elected as President and Vice President, and Sophia Shaningwa was re elected as General Secretary.The Central Committee will hold a meeting in March 2024 and decide to hold a special party congress in April 2025 to elect the new party chairman.
(2) Popular Democratic Movement: formerly known as the Tanhar Democratic Alliance, it was renamed in January 2018.Founded in November 1977 by the White Republican Party in conjunction with 10 ethnic groups, it was reorganized in 1989 to include 12 political parties and factions, claiming to "oppose both communism and racism".In 2003, its important members, the Republican Party and the National Solidarity Democracy Organization, announced their withdrawal from the alliance.The current chairman is McHenry Venaani.The party won 16 seats in the 2019 general election.
(3) Rally for Democracy and Progress: In November 2007, it was jointly organized by former Foreign Minister Hidipo Hamutenya and former Minister of Mines and Energy Jessaya Nyamu.He participated in the general election held in November 2009 for the first time and won eight seats in the National Assembly.It advocates further consolidation of democracy, respect for human rights, opposes dictatorship and authoritarian system, and opposes personality worship;We will intensify efforts to reduce poverty and actively promote social and economic development.The party won one seat in the 2019 general election.
(4) Landless People Movement: Founded in 2016, it advocates radical land reform policies.The current chairman is Bernardus Swartbooi.The party is currently the third largest party in the National Assembly, with four seats.
(5) Independent Patriots for Change: Founded in August 2020, it focuses on people's livelihood and pursues change.The current chairman is Panduleni Itula.[1][8]
government
bookThe new government was formed in March 2020.In February 2024, after President Ghenglob died of illness, the cabinet members made some adjustments.At present, the main members are: President Nangolo Mbumba, Vice President Netumbo Nandi Ndaitwah (female), Prime Minister Saara Kuugongelwa Amadhila (female), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Engineering and Transport John Mutorwa,Peya Mushelenga, Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Christine Hoebes, Minister of Presidential Affairs, Frans Kapofi, Minister of Defense and Veterans Affairs, Albert Kawana, Minister of Interior, Immigration and Security,Lucia Iipumbu, Minister of Industrialization and Trade, Lipumbu Shiimi, Minister of Finance and Public Enterprises, Anna Nghipondoka, Minister of Education, Arts and Culture, Agnes Tjongarero, Minister of Sports, Youth and National Service,Emma Theofelus, Minister of Information and Communication Technology, Doreen Sioka, Minister of Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction and Social Welfare, Calle Schelttwein, Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Land Reform, and Erastus Uutoni, Minister of Urban and Rural Development,Kalumbi Shangula, Minister of Health and Social Services, Itath Kandjii Murangi, Minister of Higher Education, Training and Innovation, Pohamba Shifeta, Minister of Environment, Forestry and Tourism, Derek Klazen, Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources,Yvonne Dausab, Minister of Justice, Utoni Nujoma, Minister of Labor, Industrial Relations and Employment Creation, Thomas Alweendo, Minister of Mines and Energy, etc.[8]
judicial
It is composed of the Supreme Court, District Court and District Court.The Chief Justice and the Attorney General of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in consultation with the Cabinet and the Judicial Advisory Committee.District and district court judges are appointed by the Minister of Justice.Supreme Court Justice Peter Shivute.[1]
Dignitaries
ex-presidentHage Geingob 。Born on August 3, 1941, in Otezongjupa Province, north of Na, Damara nationality.From 1964 to 1974, he obtained a bachelor's and master's degree in political science in the United States, and a doctor's degree in political science from the University of Leeds in 2004.In his youth, he joined the liberation movement, participated in the founding of the party, and was one of the drafters of the independent Constitution of Ghana.From 1975 to 2002, he served as a member of the Political Bureau of the People's Organization Party.He became Prime Minister after independence in March 1990 and was re elected until 2002.He retired from cashier politics in August 2002 and moved to the United States in 2003. He was invited to serve as the Executive Secretary of the Global Coalition on African Affairs (GCA), an intergovernmental international organization.He returned to politics in 2004.In 2007, he was re elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the People's Democratic Party of China, and served as the vice chairman of the People's Democratic Party of China and the leader of the National Assembly.In April 2008, he served as Minister of Trade and Industry.In 2012, he became Prime Minister again.He was elected president in the general election held in November 2014 and took office in March 2015.In November 2017, the president-elect formed the chairman of the Party.He won re-election in November 2019 and took office in March 2020.On February 4, 2024 local time, Hager Gengob died.[1][6]
Nangolo Mbumba: President.Born on August 15, 1941, in Oshkoto District, North of Nash, he received a Bachelor of Science degree from Southern Connecticut State College and a Master of Biology degree from the University of Connecticut.He joined the People's Party in his early years.1993-1996: Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Development;1996-2003, Minister of Finance;2003-2005: Minister of Information and Broadcasting;2005-2010, Minister of Education;2010-2012: Head of the Safety and Security Department;1998-2022, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee;General Secretary of the Party of the elected group in 2012 and resigned in 2017;He was appointed as Vice President in February 2018 and re elected in March 2020;In February 2024, he will take over the post of President from Genghbou, who died of illness, until March 2025.[7-8]
Economics
Announce
edit
overview
As one of the countries with the richest marine fishery resources in the world, uranium, diamonds and other mineral resources and output rank top in Africa.Mining, fishery and agriculture and animal husbandry are the three traditional pillar industries, while planting and manufacturing are relatively backward.After independence, the People's Organization Party government has formulated five five-year economic development plans (the fifth national development plan is 2017-2022) and a long-term plan for 2030, vigorously attracting foreign capital to develop the manufacturing industry, mineral processing industry, tourism and financial services, supporting the development of black enterprises, while paying attention to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of white people, and maintaining steady economic growth.In 2014 and 2015, the economic growth rate reached 6.4% and 6.0% respectively.Since the beginning of 2016, the economy has fallen into a technical recession due to the downturn in international commodity prices, domestic drought, weak infrastructure and other impacts. In order to reverse the plight, the government has cut budgets, reduced spending, worked hard to promote the export of agricultural and livestock products and tourism to earn foreign exchange, and actively developed industrial parks.After the outbreak of COVID-19, tourism and other pillar industries suffered heavy losses, and economic development was difficult.In July 2022, the Nigerian government announced that it had successfully curbed the epidemic, comprehensively cancelled epidemic prevention measures, and gradually put various economic and social activities back on track.Driven by the continuous recovery of mining, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and tourism, the economy of Ghana has gradually recovered.
The main economic data of Namibia in 2023 are as follows (data sources: Namibia Bureau of Statistics, London Quarterly Economic Review, World Bank report, etc.):
GDP: 12.349 billion US dollars
GDP per capita: about 4086 US dollars
Economic growth rate: 4.2%
Inflation rate: 5.9%
Total external debt: US $8.3 billion
Foreign exchange reserves: 2.78 billion US dollars
Exchange rate: 1 US dollar ≈ 18.45 Na yuan[1][8]
Industry and mining
The manufacturing industry is underdeveloped, and 80% of the market is controlled by South Africa.There are about 300 manufacturing enterprises, more than 90% of which are small-scale private enterprises. The main industries are food and beverage, textile and clothing, leather processing, wood processing, building materials and chemicals.Mining is the traditional pillar industry of Na, with 90% of mineral products exported, mainly producing uranium oxide, diamonds, gold, etc.In 2020, Namibia will produce 5413 tons of uranium.Na is an important diamond supplier.In recent years, the sales market of Na diamonds has expanded to the Middle East, Japan and other places besides the United States.
Namibia's minerals mainly include:
(1) Diamonds.Diamonds are Namibia's most important mineral products, ranking sixth in the world in terms of output. Raw or semi processed diamonds are almost all exported.From 2016 to 2019, the diamond output was 1.57 million carats, 1.8 million carats, 2.028 million carats and 1.713 million carats respectively.According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the diamond output of Namibia in 2020 was 1.461 million carats, a year-on-year decrease of 14.7%, and the export volume was 7.1 billion Na yuan, a decrease of 24.5%.Namibia De Beer Marine Diamond Company, founded in January 2001, is the largest marine diamond company in Namibia, with De Beers accounting for 70% and Namibia Diamond Company accounting for 30%.In recent years, Namibia's offshore diamond production has been increasing, even exceeding that of land diamonds.
(2) Uranium.Eight uranium mines have been found in Namibia, mainly in the Namib Desert along the Atlantic coast of Elongo Province.Uranium reserves are about 280000 tons, accounting for 5% of the world's reserves. It is Namibia's second most important mineral product.At present, the output accounts for about 10% of the world output, ranking first in Africa and fourth in the world.In 2012, Namibian uranium production achieved significant growth, reaching 5514 tons, an increase of 30.4% over the same period of the previous year.Since then, affected by the decline of uranium prices in the international market, uranium production has continued to decline, reaching a low point of 2947 tons in 2015.According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the output of Namibian uranium products in 2020 will be 6382 tons, down 2.2% year on year. However, due to the depreciation of the exchange rate and the rise of the international uranium price, the export revenue will increase by 25% to 11.4 billion Na yuan.
(3) Copper.Namibia's copper reserves are about 2 million tons.Since independence, copper production has been declining.The Chumeibu copper mine, which has a history of 100 years, is the largest mine. In 2020, Namibia's copper export volume will be 46356 tons.
(4) Lead.Namibia's lead reserves are about 1 million tons, making it the largest lead producer in Africa.Lead is mainly produced in Chumeibu Mine, Kombat Mine and Rushpina Mine.
(5) Zinc.Namibia's zinc reserves are about 11.8 million tons, making it the third largest zinc producer in Africa.Zinc is mainly produced in Rushpina area. Scorpion Zinc Mine, located 25 kilometers north of Rushpina, is the main zinc mine. It is an open pit mine. The proven zinc reserves are 24.8 million tons, with an average grade of 10.96%, and the annual output of 150000 tons of high-grade zinc. It is operated by Scorpion Zinc Mine Company, a wholly-owned company of Anglo American Basic Metals in Namibia.According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the export volume of zinc in Namibia in 2020 will be 103218 tons.
(6) Gold.The gold reserves in Namibia are about 10000 tons, mainly distributed in the west of Chumeibu and between Karibibu and the west coast in the midwest.According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the gold export volume of Namibia in 2020 will be 6399 kg.
Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery
Fishing and fish products are another important industry in Namibia besides mining, with an increase of 6.1% in 2019, accounting for 2.8% of GDP.The Namibian Ministry of Fisheries has made great efforts to develop the aquaculture industry, calling on new holders of fishing rights of all kinds of fish to actively participate in the fishing, processing and marketing of marine products.In 2014, the Namibian Ministry of Fisheries announced that the government would no longer prohibit foreign investors from obtaining fishing rights in Namibia, but would not allow Namibian companies to resell fishing rights to foreign investors.Most Namibian fishery enterprises are controlled by Spanish companies, and there are a few joint ventures and local companies, mainly concentrated in the ports of Walvis Bay and Ludritz, which employ about 14000 people and about 300 fishing boats.The largest fishing species are cod and mackerel.Namibia is the country that supplies the most cod to the EU, and the aquatic products exported to Europe account for about 30% of the total export income of aquatic products.Namibia has an average annual marine catch of 550000 tons, worth about 7 billion Na yuan (about 540 million US dollars), ranking third in Africa and 30th in the world.The Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia has decided to allocate fishing quotas according to the performance of each fishery company. Companies without performance will be cancelled or punished. The new mechanism for allocation of fishing quotas was launched in January 2016.In 2020, Namibia's fishery export income will reach 10.118 billion Na yuan, down 3.8% year on year.
Agriculture is one of Namibia's main economic pillar industries.The income of animal husbandry accounts for more than 50% of the total income of agriculture and animal husbandry, mainly cattle and sheep breeding.In 2020, the annual export value of meat and livestock products will be 954 million Na, down 37.1% year on year.Most livestock products are exported to South Africa and Europe, covering 22 countries around the world.The purple lamb skin produced in Namibia is famous around the world with the Swakara brand.Namibia's agriculture and animal husbandry are greatly affected by climate.In Namibia, the state-owned land accounts for about 15% of the national land, the village community public land occupied by various tribes accounts for 41%, and the private land accounts for 44%.There are 26 agricultural areas in China, with 69 million hectares of arable land.Crops are mainly produced in the northern region. The Chumeibu Khrut Fontaine Otavi region is the main base of corn production, known as the "Golden Triangle of Grain Production".Caprivi Province is a potential food producing area, and the main food crops are corn, sorghum and wheat.Due to the lack of rainfall in most parts of the country, the small area of good farmland, most of the land is barren, the agriculture is underdeveloped, and the crop output is low and unstable. 70% of the country's grain depends on imports, 91% of the imported grain comes from South Africa, and 440000 people are still in food insecurity, accounting for 18.3% of the country's population.Since 2010, grain reserves have been 73000 tons, valued at 328.5 million Na yuan.Of which 36000 tons were used for the government's food relief plan, which increased the food supply in the case of natural disasters.[5]
tourism
The tourism industry is relatively developed, with the output value accounting for about 10% of the GDP.Tourist attractions such as beaches and nature reserves are concentrated in the north and south, of which Aitaosha Park in the north is world-famous.In 1997, Na became a member of the World Tourism Organization.In recent years, the number of international tourists to Ghana has increased year by year. In 2016, a total of 1.47 million foreign tourists went there for sightseeing.It has favorable conditions for tourism development, mainly including rich and colorful landform, prominent biodiversity, ecological protection and relatively complete transportation infrastructure.From 2014 to 2019, tourism developed rapidly and gradually became the fourth pillar industry in Namibia.International organization Bloomberg listed Namibia as one of the 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world, and Forbes magazine listed Namibia as the most affordable tourist destination in Africa.In 2019, according to the World Economic Forum Tourism Competitiveness Index, Namibia ranked fourth among sub Saharan countries, behind Mauritius, South Africa and Seychelles.It is estimated that by 2029, Namibia's tourism industry will create 122000 direct jobs, accounting for 15.7% of the total employment in the country.Foreign tourists mainly come from SADC member countries.The number of Chinese tourists visiting Namibia has increased rapidly.
Before the outbreak of COVID-19, foreign exchange income of tourism ranked third among all industries in Namibia, second only to mining and fishery.From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of tourism was 7.2%.Affected by the epidemic, the contribution rate of tourism to Namibia's GDP will drop to 2% in 2020, creating a foreign exchange income of N $1.9 billion, down 37.3% year on year.The 2020 annual report of the Central Bank of Namibia shows that the number of jobs created by the tourism industry has dropped sharply by 30%.[5]
Finance
It is a member of the Southern African Customs Union and the rand currency area.Fiscal and financial authority is centralized in the central government, and 90% of fiscal revenue comes from taxation.The revenue from the Southern African Customs Union accounts for 20%~30% of the annual fiscal revenue.65% of banks are controlled by foreign capital.
Namibia dollar front
The Bank of Namibia is the central bank of Namibia.There are four commercial banks in Namibia: First National Bank of Namibia Limited, Standard Bank Namibia limited, Nedbank Bank Namibia Limited and Bank Windhoek Ltd.The first three banks are all subsidiaries of Bank of South Africa in Namibia.In addition, Namibia has four state-owned professional banking institutions, one SME bank and one microfinance bank.
On September 30, 1992, the Namibian Stock Exchange (NSX) was officially established. In 2005, the Namibian Stock Exchange was the second largest stock exchange in Africa by market value and the fifth largest stock exchange in Africa by trading volume.The Namibian securities market has developed rapidly, but it is dominated by dual listing companies, mainly in the primary list of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Local listed companies are relatively small.The Namibia Stock Exchange is divided into the Main Board and the Development Capital Board.[5]
foreign trade
It mainly exports mineral products, fishery products, animal husbandry products and primary processing products, of which mineral exports (excluding diamonds) account for 36% of the export volume, and diamonds account for 16%.The economy is highly dependent on imports, and most of the means of production and livelihood need to be imported.Nearly 90% of imports come from South Africa.The main export markets are South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, etc.
According to the data of the Namibian Bureau of Statistics, the Namibian export in 2020 will be 88.7 billion Na yuan (about 5.46 billion US dollars), down 3.8% year on year;The import volume was 108.3 billion Na yuan (about 6.66 billion US dollars), down 3.5% year on year.The trade deficit reached N $19.56 billion (about US $1.34 billion), slightly less than that in 2019.According to Chinese customs statistics, the total import and export trade between China and Namibia in 2020 will be 781 million US dollars, up 10.1% year on year.Among them, China exported $223 million to Namibia, up 12.6% year on year, and China imported $558 million from Namibia, up 9.1% year on year.
Namibia's largest trading partner is South Africa, and the bilateral trade volume accounts for 27.8% of Namibia's total trade volume.In 2020, Namibia's largest exporter will still be China, accounting for 36% of Namibia's total exports, 10.1 percentage points higher than the previous year.[5]
foreign capital
Namibia implements a free market economy and welcomes foreign investment.According to the World Investment Report 2021 issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Namibia will absorb foreign investment of - 75 million dollars in 2020;By the end of 2020, Namibia's stock of foreign investment absorption was 6.07 billion US dollars.
According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the direct foreign investment flow in Namibia in 2020 will be - 82 million US dollars;By the end of 2020, Namibia's stock of foreign investment absorption was 6.07 billion US dollars.According to the data of the Central Bank of Namibia, the main sources of foreign direct investment in Namibia in 2020 are South Africa (37.8%), China (31.7%), Mauritius (9.5%), the United Kingdom (5.7%), Canada (2.8%), the British Virgin Islands (2.5%), Germany (1.8%), Malaysia (1.5%), Spain (1.3%), and the Netherlands (1.2%).[5]
Foreign aid
From 1990 to 1998, a total of 4.788 billion Na yuan of foreign aid was received, mainly from Germany (accounting for 30% of foreign aid), Sweden (accounting for 23% of foreign aid), Norway, the United States, etc.Aid is mainly used to create employment opportunities, reduce income inequality and help the poor.In 2010, Ghana received a total of 2 billion Na yuan of development assistance, mainly for AIDS prevention, education, agriculture, infrastructure construction and other fields.[1]
Culture
Announce
edit
motto
Unity, freedom, justice
language
English is the official language. Among the local languages, Orwambo and Nama are the most popular. Other languages include Afrika, German, Portuguese, etc.People usually speak 2-3 languages.The primary school stage includes the local language, and the teaching language above the secondary school stage is English.[5]
90% of Namibian residents believe in Christianity, and the rest believe in primitive religion.[5]
custom
Namibian customs have both the prominent characteristics of African indigenous people and the distinctive color of Europeans.Namibians pay attention to politeness and etiquette, and think that proper appellation is the embodiment of knowledge, culture and cultivation.
In social interaction activities, Namibians attach great importance to meeting etiquette, pay attention to the dress of social interaction activities, and the fashion of "respecting the elderly" and "women first" is popular.When invited to a friend's home in Namibia, you should attend the appointment according to the agreed time, which is a respect for the host.[5]
Art
"Namibia Dance Sketch" Chen Yuxian
Namibia's dance has a strong rhythm, and its movement characteristics mainly emphasize the expressive force of each part of the human body, such as the head, neck, shoulder, chest, waist, hip and limbs, among which the most prominent ones are the swing of the head, the rise and fall of the chest, the flexion and extension of the waist, the swing and rotation of the hip.The murals on the caves in the Bushmen inhabited areas south of the equator show that dance began more than 6000 years ago.There is no strict regulation on dance movements, only a relatively unified rhythm and rhythm.The dancing clothes are very simple, and most dancers are naked, with only a covering around their waist.With the development of production and civilization, shells, feathers, colored seeds, beads, various metal products, woven fabrics of plant fibers and various animal skins have been elaborately processed and beautified as dance decorations.
festival
Namibia's statutory holidays include: New Year's Day (January 1), Independence Day (March 21), Good Friday (Friday before Easter), Easter (the first Monday after the full moon of the vernal equinox, between March 21 and April 25), International Labour Day (May 1), Kasinga Day (May 4), Africa Day (May 25),Ascension Day (the fortieth day after Easter, between May 1 and June 4), Hero Day (August 26, commemorating the armed struggle of the 1966 group), Human Rights Day (December 10), Christmas Day (December 25), and Family Day (December 26).Namibian enterprises and stores generally work five days a week, and rest on Saturdays and Sundays.During holidays, enterprises and stores are generally closed. Now some stores are open for half a day on Saturdays and Sundays.[5]
military
Announce
edit
After Namibia's independence, the government established a unified national defense force based on the former Namibian Liberation Army and the former South West African local army, with a total force of 19000, including 16700 troops from the army, 1100 from the air force, 1200 from the navy, and 14000 from the police force.[1]
traffic
Announce
edit
Railway
Namibia has a railway history of more than 100 years. During the German colonial rule from 1894 to 1915, some railways have been built, and some of them are still in use today.Namibia Railway is exclusively managed by the state-owned company TransNamib.The total length of Namibian railways is about 2687km, all of which are narrow gauge railways with a gauge of 1067mm.Among them, 48% of the railways meet the SDAC railway 18.5 ton axle load standard, and the rest of the axle loads are 16.5~17.5 tons, and the speed is basically 60 km/h.
The existing railways in Namibia are in poor condition and most of them are in disrepair for a long time. They mainly transport bulk goods such as agricultural products, mineral products and building materials. The rest are container transport, sightseeing routes and long-distance passenger routes from the capital to other cities and towns.[5]
highway
Northern highway contracted by Henan International Company
According to the latest data of Namibia Highway Bureau, the total length of Namibia's roads is about 48875.27 kilometers, including 7892.7 kilometers of Class B asphalt roads, 26046.5 kilometers of gravel roads, 13315.6 kilometers of earth roads, and 299.9 kilometers of salt mud roads. Most roads are in good condition.The annual average passenger traffic volume is 50000 person times, and the freight volume is 180000 tons.
According to the 2020 Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, the quality of Namibia's road infrastructure ranks first in the world, 23rd in the world and first in Africa.[5]
water transport
Namibia's coastline is 1600 kilometers long, with two ports, namely, Walvis Port (also known as Whale Bay Port) and Ludritz.
Whale Bay Port is the fifth largest port in southern Africa. It is operated by Namport Company and performs the functions of the Port Authority.Jingwan Port has 11 berths, with a length of 500 meters and a maximum draft of 10~12.8 meters.There are bulk cargo, containers, oil tankers and fishing boat docks, complete loading and unloading storage facilities, with an annual throughput of 5.3 million tons of bulk cargo and about 250000 TEUs of containers.Up to 8 million tons of goods can be transported every year, and the average handling efficiency is 8000 tons per day.After the completion of the container terminal contracted by China Harbor Corporation, the throughput has doubled to 750000 standard containers per year.In the fiscal year 2020/2021 (April 1, 2020 - March 31, 2021), the cargo throughput of Jingwan Port and Ludriz will increase by 11%, with a net increase of 633000 tons.Among them, the throughput of standard containers increased by 5%, with an increase of 7338 TEUs.
Namibia has no inland waterway transportation.[5]
air transport
All major cities in Namibia have airports, including 27 registered airports and 360 small airstrips.There are two international airports in China, Hosea Kutako International Airport in the capital and Walvis Bay Airport in the port city of Walvis Bay.Hosea Kutako International Airport can land all large passenger and cargo aircraft.[5]
Sociology
Announce
edit
power
The Namibian power supply system belongs to the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) organization. At present, the national power consumption is 600MW every year, about half of which is imported from South Africa.The North Hydropower Station Luakana Falls Hydropower Station has an installed capacity of 347MW, and can generate electricity for half of the year;One standby coal power plant in the capital, with an installed capacity of 90MW, was built in 1968;Heavy oil power generation units have been built in Jingwan, with an installed capacity of 22.5MW, which is being expanded to 150MW;The rest are imported from South Africa and Zimbabwe, and 220MW transmission lines have been built.There are 11709 kilometers of transmission lines and 149 substations in China.In 2020, the total installed capacity will be 760MW, and the total grid connected power will be 4702GWh, of which the local power generation will be about 2000GWh.[5]
education
After independence, Namibia established a universal education system and achieved free and compulsory primary education in 2012.There are 1500 primary and secondary schools and special schools in China.The main institutions of higher learning are the University of Namibia and the University of Science and Technology of Namibia, as well as more than ten secondary technical schools and normal schools.The University of Namibia is the only comprehensive university in the country. Founded in 1993, it has more than 4000 students.In recent years, Namibia's investment in education has continued to increase. According to Namibia's 2021/22 budget report, basic education was approved at 13.8 billion NA and higher education was approved at 3.1 billion NA, accounting for 23.2% and 5.3% of the total budget, respectively. The total amount was slightly smaller than that of the previous year, and the proportion increased.At present, the enrollment rate of primary education is 93.6%, the enrollment rate of high school is 49.5%, and the popularization rate of higher education is 24%.
Namibia's national literacy rate has risen from less than 75 per cent at independence to 90 per cent at present.Namibia has also signed joint research and scientific and technological cooperation documents with South Africa, Germany, China, etc., but the development of education still faces challenges such as high dropout rate and failure rate, serious lack of classrooms, and unsatisfactory teaching quality.[5]
media
There are 192 news agencies and organizations in Namibia.
There are more than 10 newspapers and periodicals in China.The five major daily newspapers are The Namibian, New Era, Namibian Sun, The Republikein (Afrikaans) and Wen Wei Po (German).Other weekly newspapers include The Namibia Economist, The Southern Times, Namibia Today and Windhoek Observer.There are also magazines such as Insight Namibia and Big Issue Namibia.
The Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), a state-owned national radio and television organization, was founded in 1990, and 64% of its capital was allocated by the government.In Namibia, 10 radio channels are broadcast in 13 languages, including English, German, Afrikaans, and many local languages. The audience accounts for 90% of the national population.There is one TV channel, which mainly focuses on English programs, and the audience accounts for 45% of the national population.In July 1998, NBC began to cooperate with China in television programs.In addition, there is one private television station (One Africa TV) and several private radio stations.
Namibia Press Agency (Nampa) is a semi official news agency, which relies on government funding to operate. Its headquarters are in Windhoek, and it maintains information sharing with many news agencies around the world.South Africa has a television relay station in Namibia.[5]
medical care
At the beginning of independence, the government reformed the medical and social service institutions during the colonial period and established the Primary Health Care system.There are 34 hospitals, 267 clinics and 44 health centers;There are 6435 beds in total, with an average of 3.6 beds per thousand people.There are also many private clinics.The Namibian government attaches importance to improving people's medical and health conditions. According to the 20201/22 budget report, the medical and health expenditure accounts for about 13.6% of the total budget. However, according to the rough estimation of the Namibian Financial Institutions Supervision Authority, the medical insurance currently covers about 410000 people,It only accounts for 17% of the national population (the rest of the population is constrained by the lack of key drugs, medical personnel and medical equipment in the public medical system).
Simba in Namibia
After years of efforts, the HIV infection rate in Namibia has stabilized.The proportion of mother to child transmission of AIDS decreased from 20% in 2005 to 4% in 2013, and the number of new cases decreased by 50%.At the same time, 85% treatment coverage was achieved.However, a small number of malaria cases still exist in the northern region.The Ministry of Health of Namibia confirmed that from February 10 to April 5, 2020, there were 182 cases of hepatitis E in Homas and Elongo provinces of Namibia.According to the New Times of Namibia, 200 pigs were confirmed to be infected with African swine fever and 61 pigs died in Naomshati Province in 2020.In addition, due to the increase in precipitation in 2020, malaria cases in the Kawango region of Namibia have surged.On July 2, 2020, Namibia's New Times reported that there were 7000 cases of malaria in Kawango, compared with 1582 cases in the same period in 2019.According to the news released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Land Reform of Namibia, the foot and mouth disease epidemic was found in Kasenu Village, Kasiku District, Nazarbesi Province on June 3, 2021. The area within a radius of 30 kilometers of the village has been classified as a control area, all cloven hoofed animals are prohibited from leaving or passing through the control area, and active monitoring and livestock vaccination measures have been implemented.
According to the cooperation agreement between the two governments, China has stationed a medical team in Namibia.The medical team assisting Namibia is mainly engaged in acupuncture and massage in the National Katutura Hospital in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, to promote traditional Chinese medicine culture.The medical team for Namibia has been stationed since 1996, and the term of office of each batch is 2 years. In 2018, the term of office of each batch is changed to 18 months.The medical team consists of four members, two doctors and two nurses, who are selected by the Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission from the Grade III Grade A TCM hospital. The doctors are from the Acupuncture Department and the Massage Department, and the nurses have no special professional requirements.The 13th batch of medical teams assisting Namibia began to provide services in Namibia in January 2020.[5]
Sports
Since the 1992 Olympic Games, Namibia has sent athletes to participate, and won two silver medals that year.In 1996, he won two more silver medals.There was no medal revenue in the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games.The London Olympic Games track and field will be their advantageous competitive event.
International Relations
Announce
edit
foreign policy
So far, the Nigerian government has established diplomatic relations with 150 countries.Pursue the foreign policy of non alignment, good neighborliness and friendship, emphasize that diplomacy serves economic construction, support the strengthening of cooperation among African countries, and advocate the establishment of a new international political and economic order, strengthening South South cooperation and North South dialogue.Pay attention to neighboring diplomacy.Strengthen economic and trade exchanges with neighboring countries and Asian countries.[1]
It believes that globalization must benefit all people, not only lead to selective prosperity, but also not further impoverish or marginalize the third world, or it will endanger world peace and stability.However, in the existinginternational orderThe developing countries cannot compete with the western developed countries because of their backward economyGlobalization processIn the position of being plundered.Developing countries should strengthen cooperation to survive in economic globalization.The United Nations should help developing countries to maximize the benefits of globalization and promote all countries to share economic growth and prosperity.
It advocates unity and cooperation among African countries, and Africans must master their ownfateAfrican issues should first be solved by Africans themselves.
We support the OAU's position on the reform of the United Nations and believe that the United Nations should play a greater role in maintaining world peace, promoting development, resolving regional conflicts and other issuessecurity councilThere should be twoPermanent membersRepresentative.It advocates gradually limiting and eventually abolishing the veto power.
Think“9 · 11 Incident”The impact is huge, but how to eradicate the root causes of terrorism is worth pondering.It advocates that only when leaders of all countries in the world work together to build a fair society to eradicate poverty, ignorance, disease and hunger can the anti-terrorism problem be fundamentally solved.
He believes that the final decision on the settlement of the Iraq issue is in the hands of the United Nations, not a few countries or groups of countries.It is not advisable to adopt unilateralism on such issues. Countries, strong or weak, should follow the principles of multilateralism.
external relations
Relations with China
The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Namibia established diplomatic relations on March 22, 1990.Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, bilateral relations have developed smoothly and high-level exchanges have been frequent. President Jiang Zemin (1996) and President Hu Jintao (2007) have visited the country.In March 2018, the two countries established a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership.
On April 8, 2014, Namibian Prime Minister Genghib visited China and met with Chinese President Xi Jinping.Genkob said that China has provided valuable support and help to Namibia for a long time and is an old friend and good friend of Namibia.The Nigerian side is working hard to speed up national construction and hopes to deepen friendly cooperative relations with China.Nigeria is willing to create good conditions for Chinese enterprises to invest.
Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Namibia, China has completed well drilling, economic housing, children's activity centers, rural primary schools, youth training centers, irrigation projects, aquaculture centers, Mao Zedong Middle School and other assistance projects.
In 1994, the two countries signed a trade agreement.In 2004, the two countries established the Joint Economic and Trade Commission mechanism, held the second meeting in April 2007 and the third meeting in March 2018.
In 2023, the bilateral trade volume will reach 1.31 billion US dollars, up 16.5% year on year, including 560 million US dollars in exports, up 5.9% year on year, and 750 million US dollars in imports, up 25.9% year on year.China mainly exports mechanical and electrical products, textiles, furniture, etc. to Namibia, and imports natural uranium, minerals (lead, manganese, copper ore), etc.
The two governments have signed agreements on cultural and educational cooperation.China has sent many professors and lecturers to Namibia to teach.From 1994 to the end of 2017, I received 262 Namibian scholarship students.At present, nearly 500 Namibian students are studying in China.China has sent medical teams in Namibia, with a total of 60 people in 15 batches. At present, there are 4 Chinese medical experts in Namibia.In December 2005, China declared Namibia as an outbound tourist destination for Chinese citizens.China and Namibia have also signed extradition treaties and judicial assistance treaties.So far, the two countries have 13 pairs of sister provinces (cities).In June 2018, the Chinese and Nigerian U23 national men's football teams held a friendly match at the 2018 FIFA China Team International Football Match in Chongqing.In August 2019, the Chinese astronaut delegation visited Ghana.[9]
China has several large-scale infrastructure development projects and resource exploitation projects in NamibiaSwakopmundThere is also a satellite tracking station near Swakopmund.The article also mentioned that China decided at an important meeting to strengthen its national defense in order to meet China's security and development interests and meet its current international status.Lieutenant Colonel Monica Sheya, spokesman of the Namibian Ministry of Defence, confirmed that he had seen the relevant reports and "believed that the matter was being discussed at a higher level. Once a decision was made, the Ministry of Defence would inform the citizens; it could only say so much".
On March 18, 2020, Chinese Ambassador to Namibia Zhang Yiming donated 1000 sets of new coronavirus test kits to the Ministry of Health of Namibia.[2]
At the invitation of the Namibian National Assembly, Cai Dafeng, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, led a delegation to visit Namibia from May 30 to June 2 to meet and talk with Vice President Ndetwa of Namibia, Speaker Kajawi of the National Assembly, Chairman Muha of the National Committee and others respectively.[10]
Relations with African countries
We should attach importance to developing relations with African countries, especially with the neighbouring countries of the Southern African Development Community.Advocate that SADC countries should establish a common mechanism to promote trade, investment and regional economic development, and support the work of SADC's political, defense and security institutions.Support the African Union in leading African affairs.From August 2018 to August 2019, Na served as the rotating chairman of the Southern African Development Community.In September 2022, President Ghenglob went to Angola to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Lorenzo for re-election.In August 2023, President Ghenglob went to Angola to attend the 43rd Summit of the Southern African Development Community.In March 2024, President Mbumba will visit Angola and Botswana.[1][8]
Same as Western and Northern European countries
It has close economic and trade ties with western and northern European countries, and Germany, Sweden, Norway and France are the main donors.After its independence, Namibia joined the Lom é Agreement and signed a number of economic, trade, cultural and technical cooperation agreements with Western and Northern European countries.The main areas of EU assistance to Ghana include education, rural development, capacity and infrastructure construction, government management and non-governmental organization activities, aiming to help Ghana promote poverty reduction and achieve sustainable growth.Na has a special relationship with Germany. At present, there are nearly 40000 white Germans in Na and 30 schools teach German.In 2014, we reached a consensus with the EU on the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA).In 2021, a reconciliation agreement on genocide was reached with Germany.In November 2022, during the United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Egypt, President Ghenglob signed a strategic partnership agreement with President Von Delain of the European Commission.In October 2023, President Ghenglob went to Brussels to attend the first EU "Global Gateway" Forum and the first Namibia EU Important Raw Materials and Green Hydrogen Business Forum, and held talks with the President of the European Commission Von Delain.[1][8]
Relations with the United States
The United States is one of the major donors to Ghana, providing bilateral and regional development funds of 10 million to 15 million US dollars every year.American companies account for more than 1/3 of foreign companies.The Youth Volunteer Program of the U.S. Peace Corps has been implemented since the beginning of independence. At present, about 100 young volunteers have provided volunteer services in government agencies, small and medium-sized enterprises, clinics, schools and community organizations in Ghana.In 2001, Ghana was treated as a beneficiary country of the African Growth and Opportunity Act of the United States.In 2006, the United States accepted as a beneficiary of the Millennium Challenge Account.In June 2019, President Ghenglob went to Mozambique to attend the US Africa Business Summit.In July 2023, Vice President Mbumba went to Botswana to attend the US Africa Business Summit.[1][8]
Relations with Asia and other countries
In recent years, Ghana has actively pursued the "eastward" policy and strengthened cooperation with Asian countries.While attaching great importance to relations with China, we should actively strengthen cooperation with Japan, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and other countries in natural gas development, civil service training, distance education, agriculture, marine fisheries, port construction, human resources, tourism and other fields, and expand economic and trade exchanges.In August 2019, President Genkobu went to Japan to attend the Yokohama Summit of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD).[1]
Relations with Russia
In October 2019, President Ghenglob went to Russia to attend the first Russia Africa Summit.In July 2023, Vice President Mbumba, Deputy Prime Minister Ndetwa and Foreign Minister went to Russia to attend the second Russia Africa Summit.[1][8]
Travel?
Announce
edit
Aerial view of the capital Windhoek
capitalWindhoek, 1680 meters above sea level, located in the center of the whole Namibia, with a population of 310000, one fourth of which is of European descent (statistics in 1992).There are administrative building, national museum, secondary school and African Augustine High School in the city.Katura and Komasdar near Windhoek are African populated towns.
From Windhoek to the north, you can reach Idosha National Park.Built in 1907, the park covers an area of 22270 square kilometers and has a wide range of animals.There is also Idosha Salt Pond in the garden.The unique swale is in the industrial zone in the north of the city.
Port cityWalvis Bay , also translatedWhale Bay Port, once from South Africaenclave, located on the west coast of Nagorny, is an important port andtourist city。There are busy cargo ports, beautiful coastal scenery and fierce seafood here.Tourists can not only see the huge salt field and the weir lake full of fire birds, but also take a yacht to swim on the sea, play with dolphins, visit the unforgettable Seal Island, and more importantly, take a glider or ride a beach bike to enjoy the desert scenery and experience the magic of nature.
Wildlife Park Etosha
Namibian traditional dance
Etosha ParkLocated in the north of Namibia, with an area of about 23000 square kilometers, it isSub Saharan AfricaThe largest and famous wildlife park.As early as 1907, the then German governor declared the park an animal reserve. Since then, the park area has changed constantly, reaching nearly 100000 square kilometers in 1956, making it once the largest wildlife park in the world.After independence, Na attached great importance to the protection of the environment and natural resources, and wrote the sustainable use of wild resources into the Constitution.About 15.5% of the land in the country is listed as national parks or nature reserves, so various rare and endangered animals can be protected.In 1999, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism of Na established "Na Wildlife Entertainment Co., Ltd.", which implemented enterprise management in all national parks and nature reserves to better develop, utilize and protect wild resources.As one of the most famous tourist attractions in Na, Etosha Park has been paid by the Na government to implement professional management, take various measures to protect the animals and environment in the park, and strictly control the number and scale of hotels in the park, so that the park still maintains its original style.The Na government has declared the park as a world natural and cultural heritage.[3]
Popa Waterfall Landscape
English name: Popa Falls, because Kavango River is enteringbotswanaandOkavango DeltaOn the way, the water flows through Bopa Waterfall at a very fast speed. The water scours the stratum to form Bopa Waterfall, which is only 2-4 meters high but 1.2 kilometers wide.Bopa Waterfall got its name from this.However, the name of Popa Falls is not quite accurate, because it is just a series of rapids on the Okavando River, the third longest river in southern Africa.It's not a waterfall.But the scenery around Popa Falls is very beautiful.
Popa Falls is also part of Mahango National Zoo, so you can watch many birds here, such as parrots, swiftsHornbill, black titmouse, short toed thrush, owl, etc.You can also watch various kinds of things hereWetland plantAmong them, amphibians and reptiles mainly include frogs, turtles, lizards, geckos and snakes.
