synonymRed Second Front Army(The Second Front Army of the Red Army) Generally refers to the Second Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
During the Agrarian Revolutionary WarThe 2nd Red Army Corps, the 6th Corps and the 32nd Corps.
The 2nd Red Army Corps was formed in July 1930 by the 4th and 6th Red Army Corps in the west of Hunan and Hubei.The Fourth Army was founded in Xiangxi in July 1928.Commander and Secretary of the Front Committeeprominent military leader in early Communist movement, Party representativeYun Daiying(The secretary of the special committee in western Hubei will be appointed later when he is not on dutyZhou YiqunAnd).
The 6th Army, established in western Hubei in February 1930, is the commanderSun Deqing(later Kuang Jixun), political commissar Zhou Yiqun and vice military commanderDuan Dechang。
In July 1930, the Fourth Army and the Sixth Army of the Red Army held a front committee meeting of the two armies after the meeting of the public security forces in western Hubei. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, the Fourth Army was renamed the Second Army. The Second and Sixth Armies formed the Second Corps of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. He Long, the commander in chief, Zhou Yiqun, the political commissar, and the chief of staffSun DeqingLiu Keming, Director of the Political Department (Zhi Xun).The whole army has more than 10000 people.[1]
In September 1930,Deng ZhongxiaHe took over the post of secretary of the CPC Special Committee for Western Hunan and Hubei (renamed from the former Special Committee for Western Hubei) and political member of the 2nd Red Army Corps. Sun Deqing was transferred to the post of commander of the 2nd Army,Zhu MianzhiAs a political member,Duan DechangHe served as the commander of the 6th Army and Liu Zhixun as the political commissar.
In July 1932,Chiang Kai shekMobilize 100000 troopsHonghu Revolutionary BaseCarry out the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign.In October, the 3rd Red Army was forced to withdrawHonghu LakeIn the region, it went north to Dahong Mountain and then to the border area of Hunan and Hubei.In December 1933, the Central Branch and the Front Committee decided to establishHunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Revolutionary Base。In May 1934, the Third Red Army entered eastern Guizhou, and then openedQiandong Revolutionary Base。[1]
The 6th Red Army Corps was formed by the Red Army in Hunan Jiangxi and Hunan Hubei Jiangxi revolutionary bases under the order of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission in June 1933. It governs the 17th and 18th divisions.The 17th Division was reorganized from the 8th Army of the Hunan Jiangxi Red Army, and the 18th Division was reorganized from the 18th Army of the Hunan Hubei Jiangxi Red Army.After the reorganization, the 18th Division crossed Yuan Shui to the south and arrived atHunan Jiangxi Revolutionary Base AreaMeet the 17th Division of the Red ArmyShookPolitical membersCai HuiwenThe two divisions are under unified command.
In July 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the 6th Red Army Corps to withdraw from the Hunan Jiangxi revolutionary base and move to central Hunan for developmentGuerrilla war, create new revolutionary base areas, andprominent military leader in early Communist movementAnd so on.At the beginning of August, the 6th Red Army Corps set out from Hengshi, Suichuan County, the Hunan Jiangxi revolutionary base, to break through the Western Expedition.According to the instructions of the Central Committee, the representative of the Central Committee and the secretary of the Hunan Jiangxi Provincial Party Committeea dose associate of Mao ZedongFollow the army and cooperate with ShookCommunist military guerrilla leader and political commissarForm the 6th Corpsmilitary and administrative commissionRen Bishi is the chairman of the Military and Political Committee, Xiao Ke is the head of the regiment, Wang Zhen is the political member, Li Da is the chief of staff, and Zhang Ziyi is the director of the Political Department.The regiment led the 17th and 18th divisions, with a total of more than 9000 people, to fight for more than 80 days, across four provinces of Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, covering more than 2500 kilometers, breaking through ten times the encirclement of the Kuomintang army and reaching the eastern region of Guizhou.[1]
On October 24, 1934, the 6th Red Army Corps and the 3rd Red Army Corps successfully joined forces in Muhuang District, Yinjiang County, eastern Guizhou Province.On the 26th, in Youyang County, southern SichuanSouth waist boundaryHold a celebration meeting.After the meeting, the Red Army 3 recoveredThe Second Red ArmyNumber, commanderprominent military leader in early Communist movement, Political Commissara dose associate of Mao Zedong, Deputy Political CommissionerGuan Xiangying, Chief of StaffLi Da, Director of the Political DepartmentZhang Ziyi。Shook、Communist military guerrilla leader and political commissarContinue to serve as the head, political commissar and chief of staff of the 6th Red Army CorpsTan Jiashu, Director of the Political DepartmentGansiqi。At that time, there were more than 4000 people in the 2nd Corps and 3000 people in the 6th Corps, a total of about 8000 people. The head of the 2nd Red Army Corps commanded the actions of the two corps.[2]
In responseCentral Red ArmyThe 2nd and 6th Corps of the Red Army launched the Xiangxi offensive at the end of October 1934 to create a base area.On November 7, they occupied Yongshun County in western Hunan, and on November 16, they defeated the warlords in western Hunan at the north Shiwanping of Longjiazhai in YongshunChen Quzhen3 brigades, more than 2000 people below the chief of staff of the brigade were captured.Following the victory, Yongshun was conqueredDayong、Mulberry planting, TaoyuanCiliThe county towns surrounded Changde and shocked Yueyang and Changsha.
On November 26, the CPC Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Provincial Committee was established, and the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Revolutionary Committee and the military region were also established,a dose associate of Mao ZedongSecretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Political Member of the Military Region,prominent military leader in early Communist movementChairman of the Revolutionary Committee and commander of the military region.The 2nd and 6th Corps of the Red Army carried out the Agrarian Revolution, expanded the Red Army and establishedSoviet regimeandguerrilla detachmentAnd other revolutionary base areas.At this time, the Red Army gradually controlled Longshan, Baojing, TaoyuanCiliOne in each county of Changde.[3]
The Xiangxi offensive of the 2nd and 6th Corps of the Red Army shocked those who were directing the pursuit of the Central Red ArmyChiang Kai shek, forcing him to pursue the front commander of the Kuomintang Army of the Central Red ArmyWhat keyThe 16th, 19th, and 62nd Divisions were transferred from the new factory in the passageway to Yuanling to attack the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps.In view of the victory of the Red 2 and Red 6 Regiments and the development of the base areas, Chiang Kai shek mobilized more than 80 regiments from February 1935 to deploy six "encirclement and suppression" campaigns in the Soviet area of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, with four columns (Chen Yaohan, Guo Rudong, Li Jue, Tao Guang) facing the provincial party committee and the main Red Army from the southeastDayongYongshunMulberry plantingThe regional advance was carried out from the northwest by two columns (Xu Yuanyuan and Zhang Zhenhan), who fought together to encircle and annihilate the enemy.[3]
On February 1, 1935, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission telegraphed that the 2nd and 6th Corps of the Red Army should organize a branch of the Revolutionary Military Commission toprominent military leader in early Communist movement、a dose associate of Mao Zedong、Guan Xiangying, Xia XiShook、Communist military guerrilla leader and political commissarHe Long is the chairman of the committee.According to the general policy of the Zunyi Conference on combating "encirclement and suppression", it is decisive defense, not just defenseMobile warfare, notPositional warfareThe provincial party committee and the military branch decided to withdraw from the basic areas of Tavu and Longjiazhai, focus on the main force behind the enemy side, break the encirclement and smash the joint attack.The anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign started from the Xikou battle on February 8, and on April 12, the provincial party committee withdrew from Tahou and moved northward. From 13 to 15, the Red ArmySangzhi CountyThe Chenjiahe and Taozixi areas wiped out the headquarters of the 58th Division of Chen Yaohan Column and its two brigades, and the other five routes retreated one after another, ending the first stage of the counter campaign against "encirclement and suppression".[3]
At the end of April, the Red 2 and Red 6 Corps turned to the strategic counter offensive, moved out of Cili to the east first, transferred the Kuomintang army to the east, consolidated and expanded the base areas, and supplemented and reorganized the Red Army.May,Chiang Kai shekWe also mobilized troops to "encircle and suppress" again.The Red Army returned to the west according to the enemy's situationDayongIn Yongshun base area, take advantage of favorable terrain and mass conditions to seek opportunities to wipe out the enemy.From June to early August, the Red Army fought fiercely with the enemy in Zhongbao, Chestnut Garden, Bajiaotuo and other places, annihilating the 41st Division headquarters and a brigade, and the commander and commander of the Captive ColumnZhang Zhenhan；Kill the 35th division and kill the commanderXie Bin；RoutTao GuangThe second stage of the counter campaign against "encirclement and suppression" was successfully ended with about 10 regiments in the column.By the end of August, the Red Army had occupied Lizhou, Tianjin, Shimen, Linli and other counties and cities until the prosperous area in the west of Dongting Lake.
The 2nd and 6th Corps of the Red Army fought in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou for ten months, annihilating two whole divisions, one division headquarters and one brigade of the Kuomintang Army, totaling more than 20000 people.More than 8000 guns were surrendered, more than 100 light and heavy machine guns, and more than 20 various guns were createdHunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Revolutionary BaseThe strength of the Red Army has more than doubled to more than 20000 people. The 18th Division, the 11th and 17th Regiments have been established. In addition, the Independent Regiment, the Independent Battalion and the Guerrilla have also been established.The expansion of the Red Army not only built and defended the base areas, but also clamped down some Kuomintang troops chasing the Central Red Army, which effectively cooperated with the strategic shift of the Central Red Army.[3]
Not reconciled to defeat, Chiang Kai shek mobilized more than 130 regiments to carry out a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the 2nd and 6th Red Army regiments.On November 19, 1935, the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps withdrewHunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Revolutionary Base, respectively fromMulberry plantingLiu Jiaping and Ruitapu set out for strategic transfer.The Red Army moved southeastward, broke through the Lishui and Yuanjiang blockades, directly cut into Xinhua and Xupu in central Hunan, and then turned westward. On January 11, 1936QiandongJiangkou met with the 18th division that stayed in the region during the Long March and insisted on fighting (the division broke through and moved on December 21).The Red ArmyestuaryAfter a short rest in Shiqian, cross the north of Guiyang and go straight to Guizhou (west) to Dading and Bijie.The work of establishing a base area was carried out here, and nearly a month's rest was obtained between battles. More than 5000 troops were expanded.As the Kuomintang army pursued with heavy troops, it turned westward to Wumeng MountainKuixiangRegion, followed byZhaotongBetween Weining and Weining, they crossed the defense line of the Yunnan Army, left Xuanwei in the south, entered the Panjiang area in the north and south, and tried to establish a base here.In late March, according to the proposal of the General Headquarters of the Red Army, we went out of Panxian County to the west of Kunming, shook off the Kuomintang troops, and on the night of April 25Stone Drum, Judian crosses the Jinsha River in various places, climbs north over the Yulong Snow Mountain, and enters Zhongdian at the end of April.[4]
In July 1936, the 2nd and 6th Corps of the Red Army and the 32nd Corps of the Red Army formed a second front army.The 2nd Red Army Corps was formed in July 1930 after the 4th Red Army (later renamed as 2nd Red Army) in Hunan Hubei border area and the 6th Red Army in Honghu area joined forces in Gong'an County (now Nanping Town), Hubei Province.He Long was appointed as the commander in chief, and Zhou Yiqun was appointed as the former secretary of the committee and political commissar (later Deng Zhongxia).
In July 1937, the Anti Japanese War broke out in an all-round way.In August, according to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Red Second Front Army, the Red 27th Army, the Red 28th Army and other departments were reorganized into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army in Zhuangli Town, Fuping County, Shaanxi Province.In the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Red Second Front Army troops successively shifted to Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces and regions.In the bloody battle, he wiped out a large number of Kuomintang troops, gained rich experience in army building and operations, and created a large number of leading cadres, which made a significant contribution to the development of China's revolutionary cause.[5]
In March 1931, the 2nd Red Army Corps was in Changyang County, Hubei ProvinceZhizhepingIt was reduced to the Third Army of the Red Army.He Long was appointed military commander and Deng Zhongxia was appointed political commissar.In May 1934, the Third Red Army entered the eastern part of Guizhou Province and opened up the Soviet Area in eastern Guizhou.The Sixth Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red ArmyIt was composed of the 17th Red Division in the Hunan Jiangxi Soviet Area and the 18th Red Division in the Hunan Hubei Jiangxi Soviet Area in June 1933ShookPolitical membersCai HuiwenUnified command.
At the beginning of August 1934, the 6th Red Army Corps set out from Suichuan County, Hunan Jiangxi Soviet Area, and moved to the central part of Hunan Province.On the 11th, enterGuidong CountyIn front of the village, a leading organization of the regiment was officially established, and Xiao Ke was appointed as the head of the regiment,Communist military guerrilla leader and political commissarServe as a political member.In October, the 6th Red Army Corps arrived in eastern Guizhou.On the 24th, they joined forces with the 3rd Red Army in Muhuang District, Yinjiang County.The Third Red Army resumed the designation of the Second Red Army,prominent military leader in early Communist movementRen Juntuan Leader,a dose associate of Mao ZedongHe served as a political member, and his 7th and 9th divisions were renamed as the 4th and 6th divisions.Xiao Ke is still the head of the 6th Red Army Corps and Wang Zhen is the political member.The 17th and 18th divisions were reduced to three regiments.At this time, there were more than 4400 members of the Second Red Army and more than 3300 members of the Sixth Red Army.The actions of the two legions were carried out by He Long, Ren BishiGuan XiangyingUnified command.
In response to the strategic shift of the Central Red Army, the Red 2 and Red 6 Corps launched the Xiangxi offensive at the end of October and successively conqueredDayong(today's Zhangjiajie)Mulberry planting, Taoyuan and other counties to create the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Soviet Area centered on Yongshun, Dayong and Sangzhi.In November, the CPC Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Provincial Committee was established. At the same time, the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Provincial Revolutionary Committee and the military region were established. Ren Bi was then the secretary of the provincial party committee and political member of the military region, and He Long was the chairman and commander of the revolutionary committee.The army was expanded. The 2 divisions of the 2nd Red Army Corps were expanded from 4 regiments to 6 regiments, with a total of more than 6500 people;The 6th Red Army Corps resumed its 17th and 18th divisions and expanded from 3 regiments to 5 regiments, with more than 5200 people in total.The number of local armed forces has grown to more than 3000.
After the Xiangxi offensive,Chiang Kai shekUrgently transfer the forces of more than 80 Kuomintang regiments to launch a "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Soviet areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou in six routes.On February 1, 1935, according to the telegram of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou Branch of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission was formed to command the Red 2 and Red 6 Corps.He Long, Ren Bishi, Guan Xiangying, Xia Xi, Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen are the members, and He Long is the chairman.From February to August, the Red 2 and Red 6 Corps won the battles of Chenjiahe, Taozixi, Zhongbao, Chestnut Garden, Bajiaotuo, etc., and wiped out 2 divisions, 1 division headquarters and 1 brigade of the Kuomintang Army.[6]
In September, the Kuomintang Army mobilized 130 regiments to launch a new "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Soviet Area of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou.According to the decision of the CPC Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Provincial Committee and the Military Commission Branch, the 18th Division of the 6th Red Army Corps stayed in the Soviet area to persist in the struggle (later joined up with the main force in the Jiangkou area of eastern Guizhou). The main forces of the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps wereMulberry plantingStarting from the region, implement strategic transfer.Before the transfer, the 5th and 16th Divisions were composed of local armed forces and were organized into Red 2 and Red 6 Corps respectively.At that time, there were more than 17000 people in the two legions.The Red 2 and Red 6 Corps first went south to central Hunan to capture Xinhua, then moved to southern Hunan, entered Guizhou Province in the west, and reached Shiqian.In February 1936, the Soviet area was planned to be established in the Dafang Bijie area of Guizhou (west), and more than 5000 troops were expanded.The Xuanyin Kuomintang army pursued with heavy troops, and then moved westward to Wumeng Mountain, moved around Yiliang and Kuixiang areas, crossed the defense line of the Yunnan Army between Zhaotong and Weining, left Xuanwei in the south, and entered the Panjiang area in the north and south.In late March, we set out from Panxian County and shook off the Kuomintang army. From April 25 to 27Stone Drum, Judian and other places cross the Jinsha River to the north, cross the Yulong Snow Mountain and enter Zhongdian.On June 3, the 6th Red Army Corps metRed Fourth Front ArmyThe 32nd Army (formerly the 9th Corps of the Red First Front Army) joined forces.On June 30, the 2nd Red Army CorpsXikang Ganzi CountyRongbacha (now Sichuan Province) joins the 30th Army of the Red Fourth Front Army.On July 2, Red 2 and Red 6 Corps gathered in Ganzi to join forces with the main force of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army.
The Red Second Front Army Period
On July 5, 1936, under the order of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, Red 2, Red 6 Corps and Red 32 Corps were formedChinese Workers' and Peasants' Red ArmyThe second front army.He Long was appointed Commander in Chief and Ren Bi was then a political member,ShookDeputy Commander in Chief,Guan XiangyingVice political member, Li Da as chief of staff,GansiqiDirector of the Political Department.It governs the 2nd Army (Red 2nd Corps), the 6th Army (Red 6th Corps) and the 32nd Army, with a total of more than 13000 people.Immediately andRed Fourth Front ArmyGo north together.
On October 22,Red Second Front ArmyThe Jiangtai Fort (now belonging to Ningxia) north of Jingning, Gansu Province, joined the Red Army.After the meeting, Guan Xiangying served as a political member of the Front Army,Zhou ShidiChief of Staff,Zhu RuiDirector of the Political Department.In November, attendMountain Castle Campaign。
In December, after the Xi'an Incident, he went south to prepare for the fight against He Yingqin's "crusade army".In July 1937, the Anti Japanese War broke out in an all-round way.In August, according to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Red Second Front Army, the Red 27th Army, the Red 28th Army and other departments in Shaanxi ProvinceFuping CountyZhuangli TownAdapted into the 8th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army120 divisions。[6]
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In the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Red Front Army troops successively shiftedXiangxi, western Hubei, eastern Guizhou, Hunan Jiangxi, Hunan Hubei Jiangxi, Hunan Hubei Sichuan Guizhou and other regions and Soviet areas.In the bloody battle, he wiped out a large number of Kuomintang troops, gained rich experience in army building and operations, and created a large number of leading cadres, which made a significant contribution to the development of the Chinese revolutionary cause.Red Second Front ArmyUnder the leadership of the Communist Party of Chinathe Agrarian Revolutionary WarChina has made great contributions to the Chinese revolution.[6]
