according toNational Public Service Platform for Arts and Crafts IndustryIntroduction: Yue embroidery is from GuangdongRepresentativenessEmbroidery has a history of more than 1000 years.Su Jia in Tang Dynasty《Du Yang miscellaneous knitting》China has the South China SeaLu Meiniang"It is extremely skillful to embroider seven volumes of the Fahua Sutra on chiffon".Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Yue embroidery has gradually formed its ownartistic characteristics First of all, in the materials used for embroidery, in addition to the usual silk thread and wool, peacock hair twist thread is also used as thread, or horsetail wrapped wool is used as thread.[21]
Guangdong embroidery originated from the skills of women's boudoirs, and its history can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. The immigrants from the Central Plains brought embroidery to Lingnan, and the Gongqi women from Nanhai, Guangdong, in the Tang Dynasty were regarded as the ancestors of Guangdong embroideryLu Meiniang[22-23]。Tang Dynasty《Du Yang miscellaneous knitting》Record,Yongjhen In the first year (805), Nanhai (county name, government location)Panyu, nowGuangzhou）Lu Meiniang, a 14-year-old girl who paid tribute to the imperial court, was a teacher of the Northern emperors in the Southern and Northern DynastiesLu JingzuoThe descendants of the brothers later drifted to Lingnan.She embroidered 7 volumes of the "Dharma Flower Sutra" on a foot of silk in the imperial palace. The words were like millet grains, while the stippling was clear and thin as hair, which showed the essence of her skills.Tang ShunzongThe emperor sighed at his work and called her Goddess.Tang XianzongThe emperor gave her a gold phoenix ring to wear on her wrist to praise her intelligence and ingenuity[3-5]。During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Lingnan envoyZhang JiugaoPresenting exquisite embroidery to Concubine Yang, she was awarded three official titles, which shows that the highest class at that time appreciated Cantonese embroidery better[6]。
the Ming dynastyvirtueDuring the period from 1506 to 1521, Yue embroidery passed through EuropeMerchant shipExport toPortugal, Britain, France and other countries have become the favorite clothing accessories of the court, the royal family and the nobility.In the ninth year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1514), a Portuguese merchantGuangzhouPurchasedimperial robeEmbroider pieceHe returned home and presented the embroidered robe to the king, receiving a great reward.In the 35th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1556), Croz, a Portuguese missionary who had stayed in Guangzhou for several weeks, wrote in his "memoirs" after returning home: "There are many people in Guangzhouhandicraft industryThe workers areexport trade But work.The export products are alsoRich and colorfulOf.Embroidered on the vamp with colored silk threadsEmbroidered shoes... are wonderful works of art ".[7]
Ming WanliIn 1600, the Queen of EnglandElizabeth I, very fond of Guangdong's gold and silver thread embroidery, personally initiated the establishment of the British embroidery industryGuild, imported silk and silk thread from China, and embroidered aristocratic costumes;King of Englandcharles i After his accession to the throne, he further advocated the breeding of mulberry and silkworm by British people, developed the British silk industry and technology, and made Guangzhou EmbroideryArt communicationTo the British Isles, it was praised by western scholars as "China's gift to the West"[7]。Guangzhou embroidery is collected in museums in Britain, France, Germany and the United States.Cantonese embroidery became popular in the 18th century among the British royal family andUpper class society。According to the Record of Cunsutang Silk Embroidery, the court of the Qing Dynasty once collected 8 pieces of Ming Dynasty Cantonese embroidery, including "Bo Gu Wai Ping", on which 95 pieces of ancient tripods, utensils and jade articles were embroidered. "The stitches are thinner than the hair, and the stitches don't forget the rules", and some are "tied with horsetailLay a lineThus, "the outline", "the design is neat," the needle eye is hidden, and the clothes are seamless ", fully demonstrating the superb skills of Guangdong embroidery in the Ming Dynasty.Guangdong embroidery in the Ming Dynasty also used peacock tail imported from abroadFeather weavingbecomethread, embroidered into clothes and daily necessities, which are dazzling, magnificent and luxurious.
the Qing dynastyQianlongIn the 22nd year (1757), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ordered western merchant ships to enter onlyGuangzhou PortAnd promoted the development of Guangdong embroidery, making it famous abroad.Embroidery was founded in Guangzhou in the 58th year of Qianlong's reignguild"Splendid travel" and those specializing in embroidery exportYanghangThere are specific regulations on the working hours, materials, patterns, colors, specifications, and embroidery prices of embroidery.In the middle of the 18th century, "leather gold embroidery" was also popular in Guangdong, which was a kind of silk embroidery. The bottom layer was mostly lined with sheepskin gold, which was extremely beautiful and glittering.Guangdong embroidery artists also creatively use peacock hair to weave threads for embroidery, which is extraordinary in gold and jade;Some are also made of horse hair wrapped with velvetLay a lineIt can be said that the craftsmanship is unique.Guangxu reign periodGuangdong, 1875-1908Technology BureauSet up the Binhua Art School in Guangzhou and set up an embroidery department dedicated to improving embroidery skills, cultivating talents and being the ancestor of Lingnan School of PaintingGao JianfuPresident.[6]
Guangxiu "Bauhinia Peacock"
In 1910, it was held in Nanjing“Nanyang Industry Promotion Association”The embroidery selected by Guangzhou Binhua Art School won the third prize, and the Peacock Peony purse of Yu De (Zong Xi, 1880-1970), a disciple of Huang Hong, won the second prize;Chaozhou ForestXinquan24 embroidery technicians, including Wang Bingnan and Li Hebin, won a lot of awards for Guangdong embroidery, such as Suwu Shepherd and Danfeng Chaoyang[6]。In 1915, Yu De's embroidery "Peacock Peony Meeting Scene" was in the United StatesSan FranciscoHeldPanama World ExpoWon the first prize and was honored as the "King of Embroidery" in the industry.In 1922, Yu De's embroideryScratchThe Lion is inLondon Bridgeopenreligious processionsThe famous artists Pei Yin and Lu Yan performed their skills at the London Games in 1923, and participated in the London Games in 1923 and 1925, which was highly praised internationally.In 1929, the head of Lenin embroidered by Mo Fu Jing was collected by Lenin Memorial Museum in Moscow.[8]
Since around 1950, after the liberation, Guangzhou embroidery artists have created many excellent Guangzhou embroidery paintings with exquisite skills, traditional characteristics and distinctive flavor of the times. These embroidery paintings are famous at home and abroad, such as Li Zhan, Yu De, Huang Mei, Li Xiaohua, Wenjing, Yiran and other artists who created a number of well-known Guangzhou embroidery paintings at home and abroad, including Yu De's Peony, Pine and Crane；Huang Mei's《Hundred Crane Painting》；Nie Zhuo (Yu De's disciple)《Lu Xun's portrait》And so on;Liang JiThe Bauhinia Peacock, embroidered by Su Wen, Zhu Kai, Xu Zhiguang and other people, was selected for hanging in the Guangdong Hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The Guangzhou Peasant Movement Seminar, co sponsored by Lin Zhang and Deng Bojiang, was presented to President Frosilov of the Soviet Union as a national gift;Yu De and Disciple Li YanOpening and closingThe embroidered "Golden Rooster and Peony" won the first prize in the selection of Guangdong arts and crafts in 1959. This work uses more than 20 kinds of stitches in 7 categories, including straight twisted stitches, continuous inserting stitches, auxiliary stitches, knitting embroidery, winding embroidery and variant embroidery;The Peacock Hanging Screen created by Su Wen and others, the Red Cotton Myna embroidered by Nie Zhuo and others designed by Liang Ji, the four screen Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter embroidered by Zhu Kaideng, and the gold nailed embroidery Flower Basket embroidered by Chen Heying won the first prize in Guangdong Arts and Crafts Competition.
Chao embroidery
In 1951, 13 embroidery shops in Chaozhou City established a guild.In 1952,Chaozhou CityEmbroidery department is set up under the drawnwork company to organize embroidery production and export.In May 1955, Guangzhou established the first embroidery supply and marketing production cooperative, which was composed of 19 embroidery outside workers from Datang Township, Xinjiao District. Two years later, it was renamed Xinjiao Embroidery Society (now Guangzhou EmbroideryProcess plant）。In 1956, Guangzhou set up Yifeng, Minyi and other embroidery production clubs.In 1957, Chaozhou City and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province successively set up arts and crafts research institutes to summarize and sort out the traditional skills and experiences of Guangdong embroidery.Later, Chaozhou set up an embroidery research institute.
Guangdong embroidery
From 1979 to 1981, Chaozhou embroidery works of art provided 250 pieces (sets) of gifts for overseas exhibitions, including 198 pieces provided by Chaozhou Embroidery Factory alone, which was highly praised by all circles at home and abroad[9]。In 1982, Chao's embroidery works "Jiulong Screen" and "Blowing the Wind to Attract the Phoenix" won the Gold Cup of the Hundred Flowers Award for Chinese Arts and Crafts in 1982.Modern Cantonese embroidery, large piecesHand embroideryEmbroideries such as quilt covers, screens, small pieces such as handbags, fan covers, embroidered shoes, etc., womenSleeves, Skirt surface, mostly made of folded flowers, extremely thin velvet, flat silk surface, some only emerald blue color, unique style.In short, Cantonese embroidery with strong local color is very popular internationally and among overseas Chinese in Hong Kong and Macao.
Origin of Guangzhou Embroidery
Guangzhou Embroidery originated from Guangzhou and its ancient territories of Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, etcFolk embroideryArts and crafts, together with Chaozhou embroidery, are called Guangdong embroidery, and Hunan embroideryShu embroideryIt is also known as one of the four famous embroideries in China.It is like touching the cultural context of a thousand year old ancient city to visit Guangzhou following this art with strong Lingnan flavor.
Buddhist scriptures on silk
The curtain of opera characters is clear
Guangxiu embroidery has a history of more than 1000 years.Tang dynastySu EThe Du Yang Miscellaneous Chapters first described the exquisite craftsmanship of Guang embroidery: "In the first year of Yongzhen's reign, Nanhai Gongqi Meiniang was 14 years old and extremely skillful. She can embroider seven volumes of the Fahua Sutra on a foot of silk. The size of the characters is no more than a grain of milletPoint divisionMing Dynasty is as fine as a hair, and there is nothing missing in its articles and sentences.It is better at making flying immortals. It is divided into three strands with a silk hook and dyed into five colors... "" Gift to the West "" By the Ming Dynasty, Guangzhou embroidery had become one of the important folk handicrafts in Guangzhou.
In the ninth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1514), a Portuguese businessman bought the dragon robe embroidery piece in Guangzhou and returned home. He presented the embroidered robe to the king and received a great reward. From then on, Guangzhou embroidery became famous overseas.The Queen of EnglandElizabeth I admired the gold thread and silver embroidery of China very much, and advocated the British Embroidery AssociationFormal organizationBritish royal familyEmbroidery Shop, importing silk and silk thread from China to process and embroider aristocratic costumes;King of Englandcharles i Advocate forBritish IslesIt spreads the art of Guangxiu, which is praised by western scholars as "China's gift to the West". Guangxiu is collected in museums in Britain, France, Germany and the United States.
Guangdong embroidery
In the early Qing Dynasty, the British took their clothes to Guangzhou Embroidery Shop for processing.Since then, Guangxiu has obviously absorbedWestern paintingIts artistic style has become more commercialized and practical than that of other regions, and has developed rapidly in foreign trade.Wende RoadWende Road used to be the center of culture and education in Guangzhou.It has always been a land of books.There are many shops for mounting calligraphy and paintings, selling antiques, books and the four treasures of study,Make a rowChengshi.LiteratiI often come to search and buy various rare ancient books.At present, there are still several embroidery stores full of embroidery works of various styles. Through this window, traditional embroidery works will enter the market.
In the middle of the Qing DynastyCantonese OperaWith the prosperity of Guangzhou, a new kind of Cantonese opera costumes was added to Guangzhou embroidery.At that time,Guangzhou Zhuangyuan SquareThe costumes produced have become famous in China, even the courttheatrical troupeIt is also customized by admiring the name. The No. 1 Scholar's Workshop is full of embroidery workshops that process Cantonese opera costumes, becoming a famous "embroidery street" at home and abroad.Guangzhou embroidery industry has become a city, and the skills of Guangzhou embroidery artists have reached a very high level and can be skillfully usedWoolen embroideryAnd creatively use peacock hair and horsetail as threads and ribbons, and embroider with gold and silver threads.
No. 1 Scholar's Square Guangzhou Renmin SouthOn the roadsideThere is onegreen slabstoneThe paved narrow alleys are the No. 1 Scholar's Square, known as "the most famous fashion center in Guangzhou" and "the shopping paradise for young people".This ancient inner street has a history of more than 700 years, due to the number one scholar of the Song DynastyZhang ZhensunNamed after his former residence.Now, the top scholars have been burieda heap of musty old books or papersIn the middle, the alleys are still shining with impressive brilliance.Fashion clothes worth tens of yuanCartoonDolls, Tibetan ornaments with popular elements, lively and lovely pets and affordable and attractive snacks are all attracting young people who pursue fashion.
Process characteristics
Announce
edit
The peak work of embroidery - Fuchun Jiangchun Residence (Chaoxiu)
Yue embroidery, includingChao embroideryandGuangxiu Embroidery, famous at home and abroad for its exquisite embroideryFour Famous Embroideries in ChinaOne is the embroidery produced in Guangdong, with Chaozhou and Guangzhou as the center.Chaoxiu embroideryCostumeMainly.It is famous for its full layout, luxuriant patterns, warm scenes, rich colors, strong contrast, bright red and green.Its biggest feature is that the layout is full, and there are often few gaps. Even if there are gaps, they should be supplemented by mountains, rivers, grasslands, tree roots, etc., which is lively and compact;Another unique phenomenon of Yue embroidery is that most of the embroiderers are men, which is different from other embroiderers who are women. When embroidering large pieces, the embroiderers often hold them by handLong needleEmbroider while standing.
Yue embroidery formed its own characteristics in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.Its characteristics are as follows: First, it uses various threads, including silk thread and wool threadpeacockFeather is twisted into floor to make thread, or horsetail is wound into velvet to make thread.The second is to use bright colors with strong contrast and emphasize gorgeous effects.Third, gold thread is often used as embroidery patternContour line。Fourth, the decorative patterns are colorful and lively.Fifth, the embroidery workers are mostly male workers.There are a variety of embroideries, including quilt covers, pillow cases, bed lintels, shawls, headscarves, embroidered clothes, shoes and hatsTheatrical costumeThere are also mirror screens, hanging scrolls, banners, etc.
Qiu Size's Yue embroidery work, mixed embroidery of gold and velvet, "Blowing the flute to attract the phoenix"
The various forms of thread and other factors are used to strengthen Guangdong embroidery. In addition to silk thread and wool thread, peacock hair is also used as thread, or horsetail is used as thread.The needling method is very rich. Take the needle and thread up and down with light and heavy forceSilk textureThe trend, arrangement density, crimp shape of silk knots and other factors are all used to enhance the imageexpressiveness。The main stitches of Yue embroidery areSprinkling pin(i.e"And" needles）、Trocar、Hair applicator。It is usually forged by weaving gold orNail gold embroideryFrench lining.Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Yue embroidery has been divided intoFlannelette embroidery, thread embroidery, nail gold embroidery, gold flannel embroidery, among which nail gold embroidery with floating cushion is the most famous.At first, the nail gold embroidery was only lined with thin floating pads, but later it became lined with thick floating pads, which made the patterns appear relief effect. It was mostly used to embroider costumes, stage furnishings and temple furnishings.Chaozhou is the most famous place for Golden Rong Embroidery, and Guangzhou is the most famous place for Golden Rong Embroidery.
Introduction to "Cuxiu Tang Silk Embroidery Record", "Zuo Yinghua" and other booksLate Ming and Early QingYuexiu said:“Needle layingIt is smaller than a milligram of light and does not forget the rules when writing. It uses horsetail to embroider the outline. Every picture must be embroidered with the so-called flying white pattern, so the finished pattern is natural and neat.According to the analysis of the existing Cantonese embroidery works, its needle steps are short, its colors are rich and colorful, and its patterns are vivid and realistic.YongzhengQianlongDuring this period, it was widely sold in Europe andMiddle and Near EastIn various countries, there were workshops specializing in export products at that time.the palace museumThe hanging screen of Guangdong embroidery during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqingcircular fan, vests and so on.One of them is holding a screen, and the left corner is embroidered with red sun and grey, while the right side is embroideredWisteriaOld tree, mixed in the middleCaragana、myna、parrotThere are three white sheep under the tree with different attitudes of standing or flyingWestern oil paintingFlavor.Guangdong embroidery is too colorfulSuzhou embroideryAnd pay more attention to light and shadow changes.
Guangdong embroidery peacock embroidery piece
Classics in the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900 AD)Guangzhou CustomsThe value of Guangdong embroidery exported reached 496750 taels of silver.The patterns of Cantonese embroidery include three sunny days, peacocks, birds, spring swallows, pine cranes, apes, deercockPeony, Golden Lionthe moon, dragon flying, phoenix dancing, bergamot, melon and fruit and other popular themes, with dense composition and rich colors.The main works of Yue Embroidery include clothing, quilt cover, pillow case, hanging screen, screen heart and small piecesFan sleeveBags, round fans, shoes and hatspouchEtc.In 1915, Yue EmbroideryPanama International FairWon the award.
"Guangxiu" is produced inGuangfu DistrictHandmade embroidery.Guangxiu has a history of more than 1000 years.Su Jia in Tang Dynasty《Du Yang miscellaneous knitting》There is the South China Sea in China (todayGuangzhou）GirlLu Meiniang"It is extremely skillful to embroider seven volumes of the Fahua Sutra on chiffon".The craftsmanship of Guangdong embroidery in the Tang Dynasty was extraordinary.tang xunzongWhen,Lingnan Festival EnvoyZhang JiugaoPresenting exquisite embroidery to Concubine Yang, she was awarded three official titles, which shows that the highest class appreciated Cantonese embroidery at that time.In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514) of the Ming DynastyPortugalMerchants bought it in Guangzhouimperial robeEmbroider pieceWhen he returned home, he presented the embroidered robe to the king and received a great reward. From then on, Guangzhou embroidery became famous overseas.The Queen of EnglandElizabeth I admired the gold thread and silver embroidery of China very much, and advocated the British Embroidery AssociationFormal organizationBritish royal embroidery shop, which imports silk and silk thread from China to embroider aristocratic costumes;King of Englandcharles i Advocate forBritish IslesIt spreads the art of Guangxiu, which is praised by western scholars as "China's gift to the West". Guangxiu is collected in museums in Britain, France, Germany and the United States.[6]
The stitches of Guangxiu Embroidery are varied and the stitches are even. The stitches are skillfully used to show the silk texturevisible imageTexture;Wide range of subjects, rich colors, and focus on the harmonious use of light and shadow;Pay attention to the stitch technique of embroidery, and pay more attention to the embroideryartistic effectIt stresses that "merit" is used for "skill".Guangzhou Embroidery has a wide range of materials, including silk flanneletteGold and silver threadEmbroidery, thread embroidery andBeading Four categories[10]。The middle and late Ming Dynasty formed its own characteristics.It has five characteristics: first, it uses a variety of threads. In addition to silk and wool, it also uses Kongyu wool twist floor as thread, or uses horsetail to wrap wool as thread.The second is to use bright colors with strong contrast and emphasize gorgeous effects.The third is to use gold thread as the contour of embroidery patterns.Fourth, the decorative patterns are colorful and lively.The theme with local characteristics, such as birds courting the phoenix, seafood fish and shrimp, bergamot melon and fruit, is commonly used.Fifth, the embroidery workers are mostly male workers.Embroideries are rich in variety, including quilt covers, pillow cases, bed lintels, shawls, headscarves, platform curtains, embroidered clothes, shoes and hats, costumes, etc., as well as mirror screens, hanging scrolls, banners, etc.
Jiulong Screen, a gold embroidery work by Lin Zhicheng, Chao embroidery nail
Since the Qing Dynasty, Chaozhou women have been weaving more frequently. When a woman is eleven or twelve years old, her mother is a prefabricated wedding dress, and every household can spin embroidery.Most of the Yue embroidery workers in the Qing Dynasty were from Guangzhou and Chaozhou, especially the Chaozhou embroidery workers, who were more skilled, and men were skilled in embroidery, which was rare in other provinces and cities.Embroidery ArtIt is widely used in practical decorations of daily life.Chao embroiderywithJinbiThe nail gold embroidery with rough cotton and vigorous cushion embossed effect is distinctive from other embroidery types.The themes include figures, dragons and phoenixes, antiques, animals, flowers, etc. With a full and symmetrical composition and warm and festive colors, Chaoxiu Embroidery presents the themes in a bright and vivid atmosphere, producing rich and magnificent artistic effects.Chaoxiu embroidery includes flannelette, nail gold embroidery and gold velvetMixed embroidery, thread embroidery and other varieties, each with its own characteristics.A Hundred Birds Paying homage to the Phoenix is his representative work.
The composition of Cantonese embroidery is plump, complex but not disorderly;The pattern is neat and exaggerated;Bright colors with strong contrast;Various stitches are good at changing.The unique technique of "waterway" is used in Yue embroidery to make the patterns clearly layered, harmonious and unified."Waterway", that is, between each adjacent embroidery areaNeedle pointLeave an equal distance of about 0.5mm between them, so as to form a blank line on the embroidery surface.For example, there is a clear and uniform "waterway" between each petal of a flower and the feather of a bird, which makes the image more striking.
Guangxiu Shouluan
Yue embroidery has a wide range of subjects, including dragon, phoenix, peony, birds courting the phoenix, and southern fruits (such aslitchi）, peacock, parrot, Bogu (antique ware) and other traditional themes.
GuangdongEmbroidery needleRich methods, including basic needling, auxiliary needling, pictographic needling, straight needlingContinued needling, needle binding, needle laying, needle nailingClench needle, net embroidery needleHypodermic needle45 kinds.When embroidering, various stitches are skillfully matched and converted according to the design intent and the shape, texture and appearance of the objects, so as to achieve a good artistic effect.
Gold and silver thread embroidery, also known as nail gold embroidery, is a traditional technique of Guangdong embroidery, with complex and varied stitches.Among them, the gold and silver line of ChaozhouCushion embroideryMost prominent.Gold and silver thread cushion embroidery is to use thick silk thread or cotton thread to stitch layer by layer to a certain height on the embroidery surface according to the part that needs to be raised in the image, and to make the appearance smooth and tidy, and then embroider on it;Or cotton batting as the baseSurface courseEmbroider with silk thread, and then embroider on the surface layer;Or cotton batting is used as the base, covered with silk, nailed around the silk, and embroidered on it.Chaozhou embroideryThe "Jiulong Screen" shows nine dragons flying in the air with different dynamics, connected by the rising sun, sea water and auspicious clouds, forming the magnificent scene of Jiulong bustling over the sea, rising sun and dazzling rays.The embroidery adopts the technique of gold and silver thread embroidery. The dragon head and dragon body are padded with cotton wool, 2~3cm higher than the embroidery surface, which fully shows the plump muscles of the dragonBe good at dancingBody and glitteringscale, rich in texture andStereoscopic feeling。
Variety classification
Appreciation of Guangdong embroidery includesBar screen、Pedestal screen, screen, etc.There are many kinds of daily necessities, mainly including clothing, shoes, hats, headscarves, quilt covers, pillowcases, cushions, shawls, door curtainsTable cloth, bedspread, etc.Chaozhou is famous for its embroidered Chaozhou Opera costumes.Religious articlesMost of them are divine robes and decorations in temples.Guangdong embroidery is divided into silk embroidery, gold and silver embroideryDouble-sided embroidery, cushion embroidery, etc.
Manufacturing materials
Flannelette embroidery
On various silk, silk, satinPlain stitchusevelvetEmbroider a flat picture;Themes are mostlybird, Bogu, used for pictures, hanging screens, etc.
Mixed embroidery of gold nail and gold velvet
Nail gold embroidery, also known as gold and silver embroidery;It is mainly made of gold and silver thread, supplemented by woolen threadHybrid line。The needlework of gold stitching is complex, including more than 60 kinds of needlework, such as bridge crossing, step stitch, petal fishing, floor padding, concave stitch, and tired hook stitch. Among them, the "two needle scale" stitch is unique to other types of embroidery.The nail gold embroidery can produce relief like artistic effect by using cushion, embroidery, pasting, splicing, and embellishment.
Tiger Roaring for Thousands of Miles, a masterpiece of Chaoxiu (Sun Qingxian)
There are various kinds of embroidery, such as flannelette embroidery, nail gold embroidery, gold velvet mixed embroidery, thread embroidery, etc., each with its own characteristics.
1. Pile embroidery.On various silk, silks and satins, the flat picture is embroidered with velvet by flat stitch;The themes are mostly birds and Bo Gu, which are used as pictures and hanging screens.2. Mixed embroidery of nail gold embroidery and gold velvet.Nail gold embroidery, also known as gold and silver embroidery;Mixed embroidery with gold and silver thread as the main part and wool thread as the auxiliary part is called mixed embroidery with gold and velvet.The needlework of gold stitching is complex, including more than 60 kinds of needlework, such as bridge crossing, step stitch, petal fishing, floor padding, concave stitch, and tired hook stitch. Among them, the "two needle scale" stitch is unique to other types of embroidery.The nail gold embroidery can produce relief like artistic effect by using cushion, embroidery, pasting, splicing, and embellishment.
3. Thread embroidery.It is plain embroidered with pure silk thread.
Guangxiu Embroidery
Dawn (Chen Shaofang), a top representative masterpiece of Guangzhou Embroidery
There are mainly 7 categories and more than 30 kinds of stitches in "Guang Embroidery", including straight twisted stitches, tied biting stitches, continuous inserting stitchesAuxiliary needle, weaving embroideryRao Embroidery、Variant embroideryAnd Guangzhou nail gold embroideryplain embroidery, Weaving Splendid Embroidery, Rao EmbroideryConvex embroidery、AppliqueEmbroidery and other 6 categories, more than 10 kinds of stitches."Chao Embroidery" has more than 60 kinds of gold stitching and more than 40 kinds of flannelette embroidery. At the same time, the artists also used a variety of techniques such as folding embroidery, inserting embroidery, gold and silver outline, brown silk outline, etc., to make "Chao Embroidery" more perfect in "embroidery, nailing, padding, pasting, splicing, and embellishment" and other techniques, producing the artistic effect of "flat, floating, protruding, and living".
In addition to adopting rich and varied stitches, Guangdong embroidery also pays attention to ideas in its creation and design, and is good at integrating auspicious meanings and good wishes into embroidery.staymode of artistic creationHe is not satisfied with the realistic description but pursues a better ideal. At the same time, he is good at drawing andFolk paper-cutEtcartistic formIts advantages make the composition of embroidery full, complex but not disordered, with even needle steps, bright and flat, clear texture and imageBoth form and spirit, lifelike and lifelike, fully reflecting theLocal styleandartistic characteristics 。
technological process
Announce
edit
Design Embroidery[12]
Design Embroidery
Draft
Lay the embroidered manuscript flat and close to the embroidered cloth, and print the pattern of the embroidered manuscript on theEmbroidered materialOn (silk, satin, yarn, silk and other textiles).
Fasten the embroidered material with the embroidered draft on the embroidery frame.
Embroidery
Chao embroidery
All colors of embroidery thread must be prepared before embroideryPicture compositionDesign embroidery patterns, and then embroider them with appropriate stitches.
Loose frame
After finishing the embroidery work, remove the embroidery piece from the embroidery rack.
Arrange embroidery and frame it
After removing the embroidered fabric, iron the embroidery pattern to make the wool more bright, then tighten the embroidery and install itMirror frame, a beautiful embroidery work was officially completed.
Representative works
Announce
edit
The pinnacle of embroidery: Golden Dragon Fish (Chaoxiu)
Since the 1950s, the outstanding representative works of Yue Embroidery have included "Hundred Birds Chase the Phoenix", "Danfeng Rising Sun", "Hundred Flowers Basket" and "I Lovechick”、“parrot”, "Dawn", etc."Dawn" means that the morning fog is vague, the sun rises, and everything wakes up,peacockIt's a beautiful scene of dancing in the flowers.When embroidering peacock tail, the artists mixed red, green, blue, yellow and purple silk threads together, giving full play to the advantages of different stitches and silk luster of Guangdong embroidery, showing that different colors are reflected due to different light receiving partsartistic effect。The artists also flexibly use the hook needle according to the peacock's head, neck, chest, abdomen and other partsClench needleThe equal needle techniques are combined and transformed with each other, vividly showing the different texture of the feathers in various parts.
Jiulong Baoding (Chaoxiu)
From the Tang Dynasty toFive Dynasties and Ten KingdomsDuring this period, Guangzhou was greatly developed《Du Yang miscellaneous knitting》There is the South China Sea in China (todayGuangzhou）GirlLu Meiniang"It is extremely skillful to embroider seven volumes of the Fahua Sutra on chiffon".The craftsmanship of Guangdong embroidery in the Tang Dynasty was extraordinary.tang xunzongWhen,Lingnan Festival EnvoyZhang JiugaoPresenting exquisite embroidery to Concubine Yang, she was awarded three official titles, which shows that the highest class at that time appreciated Cantonese embroidery better[6]。From the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the skill of Yue embroidery was further improved.In the Qing DynastyQianlongDuring the period, an embroidery shop was set up in Guangzhou. Embroidery shops and workshops were also set up in Guangzhou, Chaozhou and other places. Guangdong embroidery presented a thriving scene.After the liberation, under the promotion of the policy of "double hundred", famous artists and masterpieces constantly emerged.With the prosperity of Yue embroidery, there are more and more varieties of Yue embroidery,Scope of applicationIt is very extensive, among which the high-level embroidery mainly includes banners, hanging screens, platform screens, etc., while the general embroidery covers all aspects of daily necessities, such as embroidery pictures, gold and silver velvet hanging skirts, quilt covers, pillowcases, bed lintels, cushion, scarf, headscarf, various embroidered clothesembroider shoes, embroidered bagTheatrical costumeThere are also some ornamental embroideries, such as Dawn, Birds Chasing the Phoenix, Jiulong Screen, Blowing the Wind to Attract the Phoenix and other masterpieces.Yue embroidery also has a wide range of subjects, including figures, animals, flowers and birds, dragons and phoenixes, landscapes and rivers, utensils and various patterns, among which hundreds of birds worship phoenixes, dragons and phoenixes, and Bo Gu are the most traditional subjects.
The Qing Dynasty Yue embroidery, which is known to have the largest preserved full size, was created by 13 provinces of Guangdong in the 31st year of Guangxu's reignZhuangyuan SquareIt's made by Tongtai Store, an official embroidery pieceShouluanEmbroidery is 4.2 meters long and 2.8 meters wide. This handicraft uses a lot of gold and platinum threads, and its production process is complex. In addition, the golden birthday greetings are profound and the font is neat.Such a huge and exquisite masterpiece of embroidery is extremely rare in the world. It is the best collection of embroidery technology and birthday etiquette in the late Qing Dynasty.
When it comes to Guangxiu, the 71 year old master of Guangxiu must be mentionedChen Shaofang。In 1962, after four yearsGuangzhou Academy of Fine ArtsChen Shaofang, who studied in the figure department of the Chinese Painting Department,Graduation distributionreachGuangzhoucityindustrial artgraduate school.From then on, she began to deal with Guangxiu.45 years later, General Chen ShaofangHalf a lifetimeThe tradition of Guangxiu is infused with the painstaking efforts ofFolk artInheriting tradition, integrating innovationUniversity graduates, has grown into the founder of "modern Guangzhou embroidery", and has become a well-known China at home and abroadSenior craft artistGuangdong ProvinceMaster of Arts and Crafts。Now, she has won the first batch of national level awardsIntangible cultural heritageprojectRepresentativenessInheritor title.With decades of painstaking efforts of Guangzhou embroidery technology, it has successfully created“Chen ShiThe unique "silk thread" of Guangzhou EmbroideryColor compositionAnd made contributions to the development and innovation of Guangxiu.
Traditional Cantonese embroidery is mostly made with auspicious and festive traditional themes and line drawing. Through the inheritance and innovation of Chen Shaofang and others, it ushered in the peak of art and is known as "modern Cantonese embroidery".Modern Guangzhou Embroidery uses coloring techniques on the basis of line drawing, and uses traditional Chinese painting and oil paintingExpressive techniqueExtend material selection toPortraitEtc.At the same time, Chen Shaofang also expressedArtistic conception, and created many new needling techniques.It uses Guangxiu'sartistic languageFor example, we created "fluff needle" to embroider chicks, "zigzag needle" to embroider deer and horses, "short hair needle" to embroider children's "bald head"“bamboo weavingNeedle embroideryBamboo basket... greatly enriched the skills of Guangzhou embroidery.One chick used nearly 30 colors andSuzhou embroideryCompared with embroidery finished with colorful silk threads, the innovation of modern Guangzhou embroidery lies in the "color composition method of silk threads".The silk thread color of traditional Guangzhou embroidery is half that of Suzhou embroidery. After more than ten years of research, Chen Shaofang has created a variety of colors using silk thread stacking and other methods. "You can embroider any color you want to paint".
I Love Chickens is one of the most distinctive works of Chen Shaofang, which can be called a famous piece of modern embroidery.conventionalFour Famous EmbroideriesWhen embroidering chickens, only dark, medium and light colors are used to show the texture of fuzz.Chen Shaofang's more than a dozen chickens in this embroidery work use the "trend color" in the oil painting. When you look carefully, the chicken's hairColor hasSome prefer purple, some prefer green, and some prefer yellow,OnlyDifferent.
Lingnan Splendid Embroidery is a huge embroidery scroll designed by Chen Shaofang for 40 years and researched and embroidered for more than 10 years. This 13.8Meter longLong scroll of flowers and birds, painted and embroideredspring, summer, autumn and winterThe Lingnan scenery of flowers competing for beauty and birds singing harmoniously contains most of the traditional techniques of Guangxiu and the innovative skills of "Chen's Guangxiu".In April 1999, the famousLingnan School of Paintingmasterthe moon at the fortified passSee this pictureembroidered pictureWhen he was very excited, he made an exception to the proposition of "Long Scroll" and wrote "Lingnan Splendid Embroidery" when he had already "closed the pen", and commented that this long scroll of wide embroidery was "an epoch-making work of wide embroidery".
In 2001, the "Chen Shaofang Guangxiu Works Exhibition" set a record of 450000 people visiting the exhibition, which was highly praised by audiences at home and abroad. The work "Zhao Puchu Statue" attracted more than 30 Tibetan eminent monks who came to visit with its vivid charm. If they saw their people and places singing together, and one after anotherEmbroidery statue"Zhao Puchu" line inBump foreheadCourtesy.Chen Shaofang's Guangxiu Exhibition Hall GuangzhouPanyu DistrictIn the exhibition hall of Chen Shaofang's Guangxiu, dozens of exquisite Guangxiu pieces, which have been created with her painstaking efforts for decades, are displayed:“Guangdong"I Love Chickens" and "I Love Chickens"Beading Ma Zhigong Cheng;Won the gold medal "Phoenix Crowned Bird" in Guangzhou Arts and Crafts Exhibition;
In 2006, she represented Guangzhou Embroidery in China's "National"Intangible cultural heritageThe exhibition ", as well as other embroidery masterpieces such as" Proud of All Fragrances ", has been published by domestic and foreign newspapers, printed into calendars, picturesPostcard、Greeting cards、phonecardHer embroidery work New Partners from the North, etc.Guangdong Folk Arts Museum（Chen Family Temple）Visit the Chen Ancestral Temple to see the essence of Guangxiu art.Guangdong Folk Arts Museum relies on GuangzhouChen Academy(commonly known as Chen Family Temple).
Xu Chiguang
Master of Guangxiu Xu Ciguang
Master of Guangzhou Embroidery, the last "flower guy" in Guangzhou Embroidery Industry——Xu Chiguang: Good at GuangxiuTraditional skillsIt is the last "flower guy" in Guangzhou embroidery industry (male workers are commonly called "flower guy" in Guangzhou embroidery industry).He was born in an embroidery family. His family has been engaged in Guangzhou embroidery for more than 140 years. From the age of 7, he learned from his father to embroider figures, landscapes, scenery, animals, flowers and birdsfishHe is fully proficient in the needle techniques and expression techniques, and has invented and innovated new needle techniques such as "covering needle" and "chicken needle". He is praised by his peers as an artist who "has a lot of research on needle techniques", and has superb artistic attainments and richCreative experience, one of Guangzhou's 100 pairs of skilled artisans.Having been engaged in embroidery for more than 60 years, she has guided and participated in a number of embroideryWell known at home and abroadGuangzhou embroidery, including BeijingGuangdong Hall of the Great Hall of the PeopleDisplay, selected as a gift by the Central Ministry of Light IndustryMoscowWorld youthparty, won the national, provincial and municipal awards, and was collected by Guangdong Folk Arts Museum (Chen Ancestral Temple).It has successively won the title of "Guangdong Province"folk cultureOutstanding inheritor "," Guangdong Arts and Crafts Master "," Guangdong Senior Arts and Crafts Master "," Guangzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Guangzhou Embroidery Project Representative Inheritor "and other titles.Over the past few decades, more than 400 people have been trained (times) to learn embroidery skills. Now they are still engaged in design, embroidery and apprenticeship in Guangzhou Embroidery Factory.
Liang Guiguang
From the age of 6, I learned the basic embroidery skills of Guangzhou embroidery with my mother. After learning from Suzhou embroidery masters and Guangzhou embroidery masters, I learned and mastered the portrait embroidery skills and the unique embroidery skills of Guangzhou embroidery. I also integrated and innovated the skills of Guangzhou embroidery and Suzhou embroidery, and had skilled embroidery skills in daily necessities embroidery and people, landscapes, landscapes, flowers and birds and other paintings.Having been engaged in embroidery for more than 50 years, she has participated in the embroidery of a number of well-known boutiques of Guangzhou embroidery art, and has been successively named "Guangdong Arts and Crafts Master", "Guangdong ProvinceCraft Artists ”, "Representative Inheritor of Guangzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Guangzhou Embroidery Project", etcGuangzhou Embroidery Craft Factory Co., LtdAs a technical consultant, engaged in embroidery, apprenticeship, etc.
Chaoxiu Master
In 2012,Lin Zhicheng（Chao embroidery）Kang Huifang (Chaoxiu)Sun Qingxian(Chaoxiu) is listed as the inheritor of national intangible cultural heritage project by the Ministry of Culture[13]。On August 11, 2015, Kang Huifang, a master of Chaoxiu, wasthe United NationsAwarded "Cultural Ambassador"[14]title.
Kang Huifang
Kang Huifang, UN Cultural Ambassador
GuangdongChaozhouPeople, now the countryMaster of Arts and CraftsSenior craftsman and artist, representative inheritor of Chaoxiu of intangible cultural heritage projectChina Arts and Crafts SocietyEmbroideryDirector of the Professional Committee.Engaged in embroidery for more than 40 yearsChaozhou CityEmbroidery, research and technical guidance of Chaozhou Embroidery Factory and Chaozhou Embroidery Research Institute.
2010 Shanghaithe World ExpoOn,Guangdong PavilionA large art work has been displayed, which has attracted the attention of many tourists. Its content is the shape of the Guangdong Pavilion at this World Expo - the golden arcade, the arcades, arches, lions and other traditions of GuangdongCultural symbolIt is lifelike and vivid.So people began to guess its material and manufacturing process, and finally they came up with a surprising answer. This is an embroidery work. All details are made by hand, needle by needle. This exquisite work was created by Kang Huifang, a famous Chaoxiu artist.[15]
Enter Kang Huifang'sEmbroidery workshopFacing the store door is a double-sided goldfish embroidery with a length of 98x88cm and a width of 98x88cmFish scale flake, four meticulous lapsfisheye, the fish mouth is about to open, and the cotton pad is used to make the work taller, withStereoscopic feeling, breaking away from the tradition of plane embroideryEmbroideryWhen turning, I seem to see a fish slowly swinging, lifelike and lifelike.Kang Huifang's exhibition hall is on the second floor, where exquisite pieces of embroidery are mounted and placed. She said that she spent most of the day here looking at her own works to see what shortcomings her works had and how to modify them. When she saw the very well finished works, she would clap her hands happily, just like a child who is easily satisfied.
Golden Dragon Fish, the peak work of Chinese embroidery
As one of the four famous embroideries, Chaoxiu Embroidery is learning from Suzhou Embroideryhunan embroidery、Shu embroideryAt the same time as other embroideries, he innovated boldly and creatively on this basisHigh embroidery, that is, before embroidery, the pattern is padded with cotton wool, and then embroidered on itGold filigreeWoolen thread makes the work look more embossed and lively, and Kang Huifang also integrates this high embroideryDouble-sided embroideryamong.The goldfish double-sided embroidery is her first double-sided embroidery work.When embroidering a simple fish, attention should be paid to its stereoscopic sense and eye angle. Double sided embroidery should be carried out after double-sided padding. This is a new innovative technology.Kang Huifang said that when she studied the goldfish, she was staring at the real goldfish every day. The fish's eyes were turning up and down. When the fish was exerting its power,shark 's finUpward, these need to be studied and materialized.Later, I found this method slowly, and I couldn't wait to start. After trying again and again, more skills were gradually improved, and then I taught other embroiderers, until everyone started to embroider large double-sided embroidery works.Due to the complexity of these Chao Embroideries, it often takes several months or even more for a good work to be completed. For example, a work of "Pine and Crane Prolonging the Years" in Kang Huifang's studio, which takes more than half a year to be completed with several embroiderers working together, also requires enough patience and perseverance.
Chao embroidery
After thousands of years of development, Chaoxiu Embroidery has become increasingly diversified and gradually integrated into calligraphy, painting, sculpture, etcartistic form。In Kang Huifang's studio, not only the magnificent embroidery, but also a special work - Plum, Orchid, Chrysanthemum and Bamboo, which is a double-sided hair embroidery, which is made of real human hair.Hard textureControlAfter her processing, her hair is made into the softness that is most suitable for threading. This also involves the preservation of hair. Hard hair is not easy to use as silk thread, so it is necessary to bind these hair in small bunches separately, and wrap them with cloth after being stuffy and soft, so they cannot contact the air andBlowingOtherwise, it is easy to become hard and brittle, which makes it difficult to use. Although the hair is not easy to break, its hardness makes the embroidery process more difficult.This double-sided three-dimensional hair embroidery was created by Kang Huifang in combination with the characteristics of Chaoxiu and Hair Embroidery, and continuous innovation can go further.
Lin Zhicheng, a national treasure embroidery master[16], contemporary embroidery artist,Chinese arts and craftsMaster.Born in 1922ThailandAn overseas Chinese worker's family, who lost his father at the age of nine, returned home with his mother.At the age of 13Embroidery ShopAs a child laborer, he was able to design various products of Chaoxiu independently at the age of 20, and was a rising star in the design team of Chaoxiu at that time.In 1957, in order to improve the design levelCentral Academy of Arts and CraftsStudying inLei GuiyuanUnder the guidance of the president and others, the art has been improved.
Lin Zhicheng has been engaged in Chaoxiu design for more than 40 yearsCostumeStart with the curtain edge, quilt cover, pillowcase and other varieties, except absorptionTraditional craftIn addition to nutrition, we also modestly learn from our peers and learn from each other.He often goes deep into the Chaozhou Opera Troupe to experience life, conducts in-depth research on the clothing of Chaozhou Opera, and boldlyReform and innovationIn cooperation with the overseas performance of Chaozhou Opera, he created 190 costumes for 15 plays, which were praised by foreign friends during the performance.
Chaozhou Opera designed by himPython robeAnd won the third place in the national costume contest.Lin Zhicheng was even more painstaking in the creation and design of the ritual exhibits. As soon as the first draft came out, he invited designers and embroiderers to comment together, listened carefully to every useful suggestion, and made the works more perfect.The Chaozhou embroidery appreciation articles designed by him have the characteristics of beautiful patterns, exquisite embroidery, light and shade, outstanding texture, harmonious colors, and beautiful and generous appearance.The representative work "Dragon Cloud Painting" depicts a golden dragon rolling in the sea clouds, seeming to rise in the atmosphere of rising sun and myriad rays of light. It is magnificent and touching. It is a new work born from the traditional Chao Opera python robe.Another Shepherd Girl, with novel composition, exquisite embroidery, exquisite stitch and free style, was listed as an excellent work and sent to BritainEgypt, JapanSyriaAnd other countries.
In 1982, he carefully designed《Nine Dragons》It was carefully embroidered by 25 embroiderers. It is a masterpiece of Chaozhou embroidery."The Painting of Nine Dragons" takes the dragon as the theme, and uses "nine" as a symbol of permanence. The nine dragons are billowing with great momentum, symbolizing a strong, vigorous and heroic spirit.He used needle techniques such as gold nailing, gold padding, and floating embroidery, which had rich and vigorous characteristics.In embroidery, he also used six techniques: embroidery, nail, cushion, pasting, patching, and embellishment to make the nine dragons slightly protrude, especially the method of using two needle dragon scales to turn the needle to embroider the dragon scales, with pieces overlapping and shining.The wavesbluesThe ground is made of dark and light colors, and silver thread is embroidered on it. The wave light is embroidered with silver thread.The whole embroidery screen is resplendent, magnificent and has a strong decorative effect, reflecting the style and characteristics of Chaoxiu embroidery.Works participated in 1982China Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers AwardWon the Gold Cup Award in the competition.
Later, Lin Zhicheng created the Chaoxiu hanging screen《ZhouchuCutting the Dragon "is another breakthrough in Chaozhou embroidery.The needle technique used in the whole hanging screen includes gold paddingVelveteen、Wrapping needle, chemical needleContact pin, random stitch, spot embroidery, etc.Colorful colors reflect each other, forming a colorful picture.The raging waves submerged half of the body around him. He cut off the dragon with a sword in his hand, showing a fierce battle scene.He made full use of the technique of floating, raising the facial makeup around him and the head and tail of the dragon, and half raising the waves. It looks like relief, the characters are lifelike, and the texture is strong.This hanging screen is praised as an excellent embroidery work.In the late 1980s, although he was over sixty years old, he still designed a batch of richnational styleHis works, such as Spring Scenes in the Jade Hall, Blowing Flute to Attract Phoenix, etc.Nezha Naohai designed by Chen Liebo, Jubilant Harvest designed by Xu Qirui, and three-dimensional Goldfish designed by Du Yingbao are masterpieces with unique ingenuity.
In August 1979, Lin Zhicheng was awarded the title of "Arts and Crafts Artist" at the National Congress of Arts and Crafts Artists, Creative DesignersHonorary titleIn 1988, it was renamed "Master of Chinese Arts and Crafts"[17]。
Li Shuying
One of the top ten folk artists in China[18], is a member of Chaozhou Folk Artists Association, and is now in ChaozhouXiangqiao DistrictCurator of folk art exhibition hall.1986Ministry of Light IndustryHe was awarded the title of embroiderer. In March 1990, he was again awarded by the Ministry of Light Industry as a famous folk artist who had been engaged in the arts and crafts industry for 30 years and made contributions to China's arts and crafts industry. In 2007, he was designated as the inheritor of folk art by the Guangdong Provincial Government, and in 2008, he wasDepartment of Culture of Guangdong ProvinceNamed as "Guangdong Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Project"Yue Embroidery (Chao Embroidery)And won the honorary title of "National Top Ten Artists".
Li Shuying has worked for four generationsEmbroidery Art, grandfather Li Jinquan was inChaozhouWest Road opens "Li Jinquan"Iron Branch Puppet”Workshop, famousSoutheast AsiaandSouth Fujianthe eastern part of Guangdong provinceAll over the country, it is known as "puppet plum".Li Shuying has learned art with her father Li Wenlong since she was eight years old. She is good at the traditional embroidery art of Yuebang, and is also good at puppet making. Her Chaoxiu works have won awards in provincial exhibitions and national exhibitions for many times. The one screen set of her work "Embroidery Iron Branch Puppet" was selected by the Ministry of Culture to be exhibited abroad and wasGuangdong Provincial MuseumCollection.[19]
Bolie
Open the "Harmonious China" just released in 2014——Chinese cultureFamous Artists' Artistic Achievements Special Series Stamps Phone Card Commemorative Collection ", several pieceslike a breath of fresh airOfPlum orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemumThe pearl embroidery paintings and elegant pine and crane pearl embroidery paintings are very eye-catching.These pearl embroidery paintings with bright colors and exquisite elegance are fromChinese embroideryThe hand of Huang Weixiong, a master of arts and crafts in Guangdong Province.In the morning, the reporter walked into theChaozhou AvenueHuang Weixiong, the pearl embroidery studio in the industrial zone, listened to his story about his indissoluble love with pearl embroidery paintings.
Seven year old child pinches needle as "embroidering mother"
In 1964, Huang Weixiong was born in an ordinary family in the old city. Soon, his parents added two younger sisters to him.The burden of the family is getting heavier and heavier. As the eldest son, Huang Weixiong helped his mother with embroidery at the age of seven, saving tuition for himself and his sister."Because my grandmother and mother both took embroidery needles, I learned quickly from what I saw and heard." Huang Weixiong fell into the memory of doing embroidery in his childhood.
The dexterous Huang Weixiong learned to embroider quickly when he picked up the embroidery needle, and became a "little girl" under his mother's guidanceXiuniang”。However, in his heart, he still felt that it was a shame for boys to take embroidery needles.Every time a classmate shouted his name at the door, he would immediately leave the embroidery needle in hand and run away from the bandage for fear that his friends would tease him as "Xiuniang".
However, those colorful embroidery sketches were opened for Huang WeixiongArt worldThe door of.When he was free, he would draw those flower sketches with a pen, completely intoxicated with the world of art.Later, he learned that these flower drafts were designed by the predecessors of Chaozhou arts and crafts industry at that time. The painting experience in his childhood laid the initial foundation for him to embark on the road of embroidery design.
After graduating from high school, Huang Weixiong was admitted to the Arts and Crafts School, and later was arranged to work in the local state-owned Chaoxiu Factory.Immersed in the design of Chaoxiu embroidery and beaded embroidery, he gradually fell in love with the work dealing with color and art, devoted all his knowledge to Chaoxiu embroidery and beaded embroidery design, and created many exquisite Chaoxiu embroidery works.In 1993, he leftstate-owned enterprise, founded a pearl embroidery company, and the produced pearl embroidery and Chaoxiu embroidery works are sold overseas.
The turn of fortune took place in 2001.I remember that day, Huang Weixiong was designing a "flower manuscript" in the design room, and the assistant used a largeWooden palletsWe prepared dozens of beads for him and filled them with dozens of cloth "bead bowls".Unexpectedly, when he came to Huang Weixiong's side, the assistant stumbled under his feet, and the whole plate of beads in his hand fell to the ground. The beads of different colors that had been neatly placed in different "bead bowls" would all spill out into the wooden plates.Looking at the plate of colorful beads, Huang Weixiong was suddenly shocked.In his eyes, the disordered beads turned into a picture of nature, green mountains, red sunset, golden sunshine, pale blue sea water, andRosewoodThe edge becomes a natural picture frame."Why don't you embroider beads into pictures?" he asked himself.
In a flash of inspiration, an amazing art variety was born.As soon as he spoke, he mobilized his knowledge of bead embroidery design in his mind and designed the first bead embroidery work, Plum, Orchid, Chrysanthemum and Bamboo.Once this work was completed, it was recognized and encouraged by many predecessors in the arts and crafts industry.Huang Weixiong was keenly aware of the promising future of pearl embroidery painting. Soon, he askedState Intellectual Property OfficeHe applied for the patent of "Pearl Embroidery Painting Hanging Screen" and soon obtained the certificate, becoming the founder of the pearl embroidery painting.
Holding Mother to Receive Artist Award
When entering the exhibition hall of Huang Weixiong's beaded embroidery studio, the reporter was impressed by the colorful beaded embroidery paintings in front of him.The pearl embroidery painting "Bright Future", which is based on Xu Beihong's "Eight Horses Painting", is embroidered with eight steeds galloping against the wind.Look farIt is quite similar to the painting of the Eight Horses written by Xu Beihong. It seems that people can hear the neighing of horses and feelHorsehairOnly when a beam of light hits the screen and the beads reflect a light sheen can it remind people that it is a beaded painting.The whole pearl embroidery painting only uses more than 100 kinds of beads with different shades in a gray color system“Ooze needle”The method arranges them from deep to light gradually, and depicts the texture of the horse through the color changes, showing the dynamic sense of leap and the stereoscopic sense of the horse."This painting used more than 200000 piecesGlass beadIt took more than 8 months to complete. "Huang Weixiong told reporters that the pearl embroidery painting won“Chinese arts and craftsCultural Creativity Award ".
In recent years, Huang Weixiong has successively designed and created pearl embroidery paintings that have won gold prizes in national and provincial fine arts and crafts exhibitions.In 2012, he was named "Chinese Embroidery Artist".On the award day, he helped his old mother to receive the award.His mother was his first teacher. He took her to receive the award not only for filial piety, but also for gratitude.
Innovate theme and inherit bead embroidery
As a category of Chaoxiu Embroidery, bead embroidery is also a purely handmade craft artmarket valueIt is gradually attracting attention.The secret of bead embroidery painting to go further lies in not being bound by traditional themes, and daring to innovate in combination with the market.What Huang Weixiong is doing is to inherit and carry forward this skill with innovation.
The key to the innovation of bead embroidery painting is the innovation of theme. "Huang Weixiong said that with the progress of society, beads and other materials are becoming more and more diverseexpressiveness, but traditionalplum blossoms,orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, Songhe and other themes,market demandHowever, it has shrunk. It is necessary to innovate some themes in combination with the current situation in order to meet the appetite of young people.For example, he willAthens、London, Beijing, etcOlympic host city"From Athens to Beijing" was embroidered as a landmark of "Zheng Chenggong", and the designed portrait "Zheng Chenggong" was a highly praised innovative pearl embroidery masterpiece.
At the end of the interview, Huang Weixiong sat in front of the embroidery bandage and held up the embroidery needle to perform for the reporter.As soon as the embroidery needles fall together, a leaf embroidered with green glass tube beads will be nailed to theSilk clothAbove, the green light shines under the light.I suddenly think of local writersHuang GuoqinA passage in Misty Rain in Chaozhou says, "The men in Chaozhou who drink this water have beautiful spring mountains, and the women who drink this water have soft spring waters. The combination of yin and yang in this beautiful mountain and water has created Chaozhou men's uncanny workmanship. Chaozhou men's skillful hands do not allow Chaozhou women's embroidery." And Huang Weixiong, a Chaozhou man, is also using his own skillful hands,Embroidery inherits this traditional craft because of its inextricable relationship with bead embroidery.[20]
Inheritance and protection
Announce
edit
On April 29, 2022,Guangdong EmbroideryIt was included in the expansion project of the list of "Guangdong Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative Projects",Item NoⅦ-4。[24]
