Raw materials for making plates, pipes and other materials
Crude steel[3](crude steel）Means that the whole smelting process has been completed (includingHot metal pretreatment, smeltingSecondary metallurgyI.eSecondary refining, pouring or continuous casting, etc.)Plastic processingSteel with iron as the main element, carbon content generally below 2%, and other elementsMetallic materials。After plastic processing or other processing, crude steel is made into steel of various shapes, which is widely used in industry, agriculture, construction, etcnational economyAll departments.Generally used internationallyCrude steel outputAs a reflection of a country's steel production scale andDevelopment levelThe landmark indicator of.
Chinese name
Crude steel
Foreign name
Crude steel
Definition
Steel that has completed the whole smelting process (including hot metal pretreatment, smelting, secondary metallurgy, i.e. furnace refining, casting or continuous casting) and has not undergone plastic processing
Coarse steel, used forpig ironorsteel scrapAnd other ferrous raw materials, after converter orarc furnaceAnd other smelting equipment, reduce the carbon content to the specified range, and adjust the content of other elements to the specified range, so as to obtain molten steel that meets the chemical composition required by the final steel, and most of it can be reusedContinuous casterCastbillet, or withIngot mouldCast into steel ingot, a small part is directly castSteel casting。
China Iron and Steel Industry AssociationIt was formulated in 2003 and approved by the National Bureau of Statistics. Since January 1, 2004Steel industryThe Production Statistics Index System of China's Iron and Steel Industry is implemented with reference to China's Steel Classificationnational standardIn combination with China's customs import and export statistics and international steel statisticsstainless steelAs a separate category, stainless steel is separated from alloy steel and counted as a separate category,Coarse steel is divided into non alloy steel, low alloy steel, alloy steel and stainless steel, that is, stainless steel is not included in alloy steel[2]。
（1） Non alloy steel.fingeralloying elementSteel with content (%) within the following range: Al<0.10;B＜0.0005；Bi＜0.10；Cr＜0.30；Co＜0.10；Cu＜0.10；Mn＜1.00；Mo＜0.05；Ni＜0.30；Nb＜0.02；Pb＜0.40；Se＜0.10；Si＜0.50；Te＜0.10；Ti＜0.05；W＜0.10；V＜0.04；Zr＜0.05；La system (each element)<0.02;Except S, P, C and N, other specified elements are<0.05.
（2） Low alloy steel.It refers to steel with one or more alloy element contents (%) within the following range: Cr 0.30 ～<0.50;Cu 0.10 ～ ＜ 0.50; Mn 1.00 ～ ＜ 1.40; Mo 0.05 ～ ＜ 0.10; Ni 0.30 ～ ＜ 0.50; Nb 0.02 ～ ＜ 0.06; Si 0.05 ～ ＜ 0.90; Ti 0.05 ～ ＜ 0.13; V 0.04 ～ ＜ 0.12; Zr 0.02 ～ ＜ 0.05; La system (each element) 0.02 ～ ＜ 0.05.
（3） Alloy steel (excluding stainless steel).It refers to adding one or more alloy elements to improve the strength, toughness andHardenabilitySteel.Steel with one or more alloy element contents (%) within the following range: Al ≥ 0.10;B ≥ 0.0005; Bi ≥ 0.10; Cr ≥ 0.50; Co ≥ 0.10; Cu ≥ 0.50; Mn ≥ 1.40; Mo ≥ 0.10; Ni ≥ 0.50; Nb ≥ 0.06; Pb ≥ 0.40; Se ≥ 0.10; Ti ≥ 0.13; W ≥ 0.10; V ≥ 0.12; Zr ≥ 0.05; La system (each element) ≥ 0.05;Except S, P, C, N, other specified elements ≥ 0.05.
（4） Stainless steel.It refers to the air, water, acid, alkali, salt and other solutionsCorrosive mediumWith certainchemical stabilitySteel of GB 1220, GB 1221, GB 2100, GB 8492, etcSteel grade。
By smelting method
(I)Converter steel。It refers to the steel produced by smelting in converter.That is to use the air or oxygen blown into the converter andhot metalSteel produced by smelting the heat released from the reaction of medium carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus.Including converterSecondary metallurgySteel.According to different blowing methods of air or oxygen, it can be divided intotop-blownConverter steel, bottom blown converter steel, side blown converter steel, top and bottom blown converter steel, etc.
（2） Electric arc furnace steel.abbreviationElectric furnace steelIt refers to the steel produced by smelting in electric arc furnace.Namely, the steel is obtained by smelting scrap steel and alloy with the electric arc generated between the electrode and the furnace charge as the heat source.containelectric furnaceSecondary metallurgical steel.
(III)Induction furnace steel。Refers to utilizationInduction furnaceSteel produced by smelting.That is to say, steel is made in an induction furnace by using the heat energy generated by electromagnetic induction.
（4） Other furnace steels.It refers to the steel obtained by smelting in other steelmaking furnaces.It refers to the steel smelted by other steelmaking furnaces except converter, electric furnace and induction furnace.
(II)Rimmed steel。Non deoxidizing steel refers to steel that is not deoxidized sufficiently before casting without deoxidizing agent added at the later stage of smelting.This kind of non deoxidized steel has a considerable amount of oxygen, carbon and oxygen left in the molten steelchemical reactionThe carbon monoxide gas is released, and the molten steel is boiling in the ingot mold, so it is called rimming steel.After ingot solidification, honeycomb bubbles are distributed in the ingot. After heating and rolling, bubblesWelding。Rimmed steelSilicon contentLowShrinkageHigh, good processing performance, low cost, but large component segregation, many impurities, qualityUneven、mechanical strengthPoor.
(III)Semi killed steel。It belongs to semi deoxidized steel, which is between killed steel and rimmed steel in deoxidization degree, and has rimmed phenomenon during casting but is weaker than rimmed steel.The ingot structure, cost and yield of semi killed steel are also between rimmed steel and killed steel, but it is difficult to master in smelting operation.
By product status
Coarse steel can be divided intoContinuous casting billet, moldcast steelIngot and casting liquid steel (liquid steel casting) are classified into three categories.
（1） Continuous casting billet.It refers to the product produced by pouring liquid steel into the continuous casting machine.PressSection shapeCan be divided intoSquare billet, rectangular billetslab 、Round billet, tube blankProfiled billetEtc.
（2） Die cast ingots.It refers to the product obtained by pouring liquid steel into ingot mould with certain shape.
（3） Liquid steel for casting.It refers to the liquid state steel used for casting steel parts, generally referred to as molten steel casting.
Production data
Announce
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Crude steel outputIt refers to the completion of steelmakingProduction processQualified output of the whole process.Steel ingot and continuous casting billet are calculated as qualified primary products, includingSecondary remeltingQualified steel ingots and continuous casting billets used.
remeltingSteel refers to the steel that has been refined, qualified in composition andCasting formingOf steel ingot and continuous casting billetElectroslag furnaceVacuum consumable furnaceElectron bombardment furnaceetc.Metallurgical furnaceThe steel obtained by internal remelting and re purification generally does not change the original steel gradechemical composition, or make only minor adjustments.In order to avoid repeated calculation, the output of remelted steel is not included in the output of crude steel.
2020
Global production: according toWorld Iron and Steel AssociationAccording to statistics, the global crude steel output in 2020 will be 1.878 billion tons.Among them, China's crude steel output is 1.065 billion tons, ranking first in the world for the 25th consecutive year, accounting for the world's crude steeltotal output56.71%;The crude steel output of India and Japan is 100 million tons and 83.2 million tons respectively, ranking second and third in the world;The United States andRussiaThe crude steel output is 72.7 million tons and 71.6 million tons respectively, ranking fourth and fifth in the world.South Korea, Turkey, GermanyBrazil、IranThe output of crude steel is 67.1 million tons, 35.8 million tons, 35.7 million tons, 31 million tons and 29 million tons, ranking sixth to tenth respectively.
China's output: According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, China's crude steel output in 2020 will be 1064.77 million tons, breaking through 1 billion tons for the first time.Among them,Hebei249.7695 million tons, accounting for 23.46% of the national output;The second isJiangsuProvincial 121.082 million tonsShandong79.9351 million tons were saved.The top ten provinces Hebei, Jiangsu, ShandongLiaoningThe output of crude steel in Shanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Guangxi and Guangdong reached 769.44 million tons, accounting for 72.26% of the national output.
Crude steel output and its growth rate in 2022
Product name
Company
yield
Increase over the previous year (%)
Crude steel
10000 tons
one hundred and one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five point nine
-1.7[4]
2023
On November 23, 2023, the data of the World Iron and Steel Association showed that the crude steel output of 71 countries included in the statistics of the World Iron and Steel Association in October 2023 was 150 million tons, up 0.6% year on year.In October 2023, Africa's crude steel output will be 1.9 million tons, up 3.5% year on year;The output of crude steel in Asia and Oceania was 108.8 million tons, up 0.8% year on year;EU (27 countries) crude steel output was 10.6 million tons, down 7.1% year on year;The crude steel output of other European countries was 3.6 million tons, down 0.2% year on year;The output of crude steel in the Middle East was 5 million tons, up 5.0% year on year;The output of crude steel in North America was 9.3 million tons, unchanged year-on-year;The crude steel output of Russia and other CIS countries+Ukraine was 7.4 million tons, up 12.9% year on year;The output of crude steel in South America was 3.4 million tons, down 8.7% year on year.[5]
Energy saving and carbon reduction
Announce
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On June 7, 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission and other five departments jointly released the special action plan for energy conservation and carbon reduction in four industries: steel, oil refining, synthetic ammonia and cement.About 15% of crude steel industryThe production capacity and energy efficiency cannot reach the benchmark level, and the potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction is huge.[6]
