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Sun like star

Those stars that are particularly similar to the sun
Sun like star, similar names include sun like star, sun type star A solar analogue, twin sun, etc , are those stars that are particularly similar to the sun, and the twin sun is more like the sun than the sun analog, while the sun type stars are less similar to the sun than the sun analog. Observing these stars can learn more about our sun, especially about the Habitability , is quite important.
Chinese name
Sun like star
Foreign name
Sun-like Star
Alias
Sun like stars, sun type stars Solar analog [5]
Classification
fixed star

classification

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These three types of definitions reflect the evolution of astronomy in observation technology. At first, the definition of solar stars was only the stars closest to and similar to the sun. Then, more accurate and improved observation technology takes into account several key details, such as temperature, which makes the sun Similitude It is a star more similar to the sun. After that, continuous improvement accuracy With technical improvements, the twin sun is almost the same star as the sun.
Considering the detection similar to the sun Export quantity - Like temperature, it is caused by Color index In contrast, only the sun is the star whose temperature can be measured correctly. For stars different from the sun, there will be no cross comparison. [1]

Solar type star

These stars are associated with sunlight The similar range of B-V color index Between 0.48 and 0.80 Main sequence star The B-V color index of the sun is 0.65.
Another way is to define it according to the definition of spectrum type, such as F8 V to K2V, corresponding to the B-V color index between 0.50 and 1.00.
About 10% of stars are suitable for this definition, so the list of solar stars is very wide.
Solar stars show that their rotation rate and Chromospheric activity (such as H and K line And Coronal activity (e.g X-ray radiation )With height between relevance When the rotation rate of solar type stars decreases due to the magnetic braking of the main sequence star during its life cycle, these also have a rough correlation with age. Mamajek and Hillenbrand (2008) once based on their chromospheric activity (by measuring the H and K of calcium Emission line )Estimated distance is 16 Second gap 108 solar cells inside (F8V-K2V) Main sequence star Age of. [2]
List of solar stars
name
Right ascension( J2000.0 )
Declination( J2000.0 )
Distance (light year)
Surface temperature( K )
03 h thirty-two m fifty-five point eight s
−09° 27′ 29.7″
ten point five
K2V
5,153
−0.11
01 h forty-four m four point one s
−15° 56′ 15″
eleven point nine
G8V
5,344
–0.52
04 h fifteen m sixteen point three s
−07° 39′ 10″
sixteen point five
K1V
5,126
–0.31
03 h nineteen m fifty-five point seven s
−43° 04′ 11.2″
nineteen point eight
G8V
5,338
–0.54
twenty h 08 m forty-three point six s
−66° 10′ 55″
nineteen point nine
G8IV
5,604
+0.33
HR 7722
twenty h fifteen m seventeen point four s
−27° 01′ 59″
twenty-eight point eight
K2V
5,166
−0.04
Gliese 86A
02 h ten m twenty-five point nine s
−50° 49′ 25″
thirty-five point two
G9V
5,163
−0.24
00 h thirty-nine m twenty-one point eight s
+21° 15′ 02″
thirty-six point one
K0V
5,129
+0.19
Auriga V538
05 h forty-one m twenty point three s
+53° 28′ 51.8″
thirty-nine point nine
K1V
3,500–5,000
−0.20
HD 14412
02 h eighteen m fifty-eight point five s
−25° 56′ 45″
forty-one point three
G5V
5,432
−0.46
HR 4587
twelve h 00 m forty-four point three s
−10° 26′ 45.7″
forty-two point one
G8IV
5,538
zero point one eight
HD 172051
eighteen h thirty-eight m fifty-three point four s
−21° 03′ 07″
forty-two point seven
G5V
5,610
−0.32
Tianji increases by 13
seventeen h twenty m thirty-nine point six s
+32° 28′ 04″
forty-six point nine
G0V
5,662
−0.37
HD 196761
twenty h forty m eleven point eight s
−23° 46′ 26″
forty-six point nine
G8V
5,415
−0.31
Jackal ν two
fifteen h twenty-one m forty-eight point one s
−48° 19′ 03″
forty-seven point five
G4V
5,664
−0.34
reference material: [5]

Solar analogue

These stars are Photometer It is similar to the sun in measurement and has the following properties:
  • The temperature difference with the sun is within 500 K (about 5200 to 6300 K)
  • Amount of metal 50-200% Solar of the sun means Protoplanetary disk There is a similar amount of dust to the sun, which can allow the formation of planets.
  • No close companion (The orbital period is ten days or less), because such a companion star will intensify the activity of the star.
List of sun analogs
name
Right ascension( J2000.0 )
Declination( J2000.0 )
Distance (light year)
Surface temperature( K )
fourteen h thirty-nine m thirty-six point five s
−60° 50′ 02″
four point three seven
G2V
5,847
+0.24
fourteen h thirty-nine m thirty-five s
−60° 50′ 14″
four point three seven
K1V
5,316
+0.25
eighteen h 05 m twenty-seven point three s
+02° 30′ 00″
sixteen point six
K0V
5,314
−0.02
nineteen h thirty-two m twenty-one point six s
+69° 39′ 40″
eighteen point eight
K0V
5,297
−0.20
00 h forty-nine m six point three s
+57° 48′ 55″
nineteen point four
G0V
5,941
−0.17
01 h forty-two m twenty-nine point eight s
+20° 16′ 07″
twenty-four point four
K1V
5,242
−0.04
twelve h thirty-three m forty-four point five s
+41° 21′ 27″
twenty-seven point four
G0V
5,930
−0.30
thirteen h eighteen m twenty-four point three s
−18° 18′ 40″
twenty-seven point eight
G5V
5,558
−0.02
00 h twenty m four point three s
–64° 52′ 29″
twenty-eight
F9.5V
5,956
−0.14
05 h fifty-four m twenty-three s
+20° 16′ 34″
twenty-eight point three
G0V
5,902
−0.16
thirteen h eleven m fifty-two point four s
+27° 52′ 41″
twenty-nine point eight
G0V
5,970
−0.06
HR 4523 A
eleven h forty-six m thirty-one point one s
–40° 30′ 01″
thirty point one
G5V
5,629
−0.29
Step down and add one
eleven h forty-one m three s
+34° 12′ 06″
thirty-one point one
G8V
5,483
−0.12
HR 4458 A
eleven h thirty-four m twenty-nine point five s
–32° 49′ 53″
thirty-one point one
K0V
5,629
−0.29
HR 511
01 h forty-seven m forty-four point eight s
+63° 51′ 09″
thirty-two point eight
K0V
5,333
+0.05
06 h ten m fourteen point five s
–74° 45′ 11″
thirty-three point one
G5V
5,594
+0.10
03 h seventeen m forty-six point two s
−62° 34′ 31″
thirty-nine point five
G3–5V
5,733
−0.22
03 h eighteen m twelve point eight s
−62° 30′ 23″
thirty-nine point five
G2V
5,843
−0.23
08 h fifty-two m thirty-five point eight one s
+28° 19′ 51″
forty point three
G8V
5,235
+0.25
08 h eighteen m twenty-three point nine s
−12° 37′ 56″
forty point six
K0V
5,410
−0.03
HD 10307
01 h forty-one m forty-seven point one s
+42° 36′ 48″
forty-one point two
G1.5V
5,848
−0.05
HD 147513
sixteen h twenty-four m one point three s
−39° 11′ 35″
forty-two
G1V
5,858
+0.03
Nine Qi Seven
04 h forty-seven m thirty-six point three s
−16° 56′ 04″
forty-three point three
G3V
5,868
+0.02
01 h thirty-six m forty-seven point eight s
+41° 24′ 20″
forty-four
F8V
6,212
+0.13
HD 211415 A
twenty-two h eighteen m fifteen point six s
–53° 37′ 37″
forty-four point four
G1–3V
5,890
−0.17
ten h fifty-nine m twenty-eight s
+40° 25′ 49″
forty-five point nine
G1V
5,954
+0.06
03 h twelve m four point three s
−28° 59′ 21″
forty-six
F6V
6,275
−0.19
Bazeng-1A
fifteen h forty-four m one point eight s
+02° 30′ 55″
forty-seven point nine
G5V
5,636
−0.03
HD 84117
09 h forty-two m fourteen point four s
–23° 54′ 56″
forty-eight point five
F8V
6,167
−0.03
HD 4391
00 h forty-five m forty-five point six s
–47° 33′ 07″
forty-eight point six
G3V
5,878
−0.03
ten h 01 m zero point seven s
+31° 55′ 25″
forty-nine point one
G3V
5,741
+0.20
Phoenix ν
01 h fifteen m eleven point one s
–45° 31′ 54″
forty-nine point three
F8V
6,140
+0.18
twenty-two h fifty-seven m twenty-eight s
+20° 46′ 08″
fifty point nine
G2.5IVa
5,804
+0.20
reference material: [5]

Twin sun

These stars are more similar to the sun and have the following properties:
  • The temperature difference with the sun is within 50K (about 5720 to 5830K).
  • The amount of metal in the sun is 89-112% (± 0.05 dex ), which means that the protoplanetary disk is almost the same as the total amount required for planet formation.
  • There is no stellar companion, because the sun itself is lonely.
  • The age difference with the sun is less than 1 billion years (about 3.5 billion to 5.6 billion).
Twin Sun List
name
Right ascension( J2000.0 )
Declination( J2000.0 )
Distance (light year)
Surface temperature( K )
sixteen h fifteen m thirty-seven point three s
–08° 22′ 06″
forty-five point one
G2Va
5,790
−0.03
HD 9986
01 h thirty-seven m forty point nine s
+12° 04′ 42″
eighty-four
G2V
5,785
+0.09
HD 150248
sixteen h forty-one m forty-nine point eight s
–45° 22′ 07″
eighty-eight
G2
5,750
−0.04
HD 164595
eighteen h 00 m thirty-eight point nine s
+29° 34′ 19″
ninety-one
G2
5,810
−0.04
HD 195034
twenty h twenty-eight m eleven point eight s
+22° 07′ 44″
ninety-two
G5
5,760
−0.04
HD 117939
thirteen h thirty-four m thirty-two point six s
–38° 54′ 26″
ninety-eight
G3
5,730
−0.10
HD 138573
fifteen h thirty-two m forty-three point seven s
+10° 58′ 06″
one hundred and one
G5IV-V
5,760
+0.00
HD 71334
08 h twenty-five m forty-nine point five s
−29° 55′ 50″
one hundred and twenty-four
G2
5,770
−0.06
HD 98649
eleven h twenty m fifty-one point seven six nine s
–23° 13′ 02″
one hundred and thirty-seven
G3
5,770
−0.02
HD 134664
fifteen h twelve m ten point four s
–30° 53′ 11″
one hundred and forty
G3
5,810
+0.13
HD 143436
sixteen h 00 m eighteen point eight s
+00° 08′ 13″
one hundred and forty-one
G0
5,768
+0.00
HD 129357
fourteen h forty-one m twenty-two point four s
+29° 03′ 32″
one hundred and fifty-four
G2V
5,749
−0.02
HD 118598
thirteen h thirty-eight m thirteen point seven s
−23° 41′ 20″
one hundred and sixty
G2
5,800
+0.02
HD 133600
fifteen h 05 m thirteen point two s
+06° 17′ 24″
one hundred and seventy-one
G0
5,808
+0.02
HD 115382
thirteen h sixteen m forty-eight point four s
+12° 24′ 56″
one hundred and seventy-six
G1
5,780
−0.08
HIP 11915
02 h thirty-three m forty-nine point zero two s
−19° 36′ 42.5″
one hundred and ninety
G5V
5,760
-0.059
eleven h forty m twenty-eight point five s
+69° 00′ 31″
two hundred and eight
G5V
5,795
+0.02
BD +15 3364
eighteen h 07 m eighteen point six s
+15° 56′ 46″
two hundred and nine
G2
5,785
zero point zero seven
HD 197027
twenty h forty-one m fifty-four point six s
–27° 12′ 57″
two hundred and fifty
G3V
5,723
−0.013
YBP 1194
08 h fifty-one m zero point eight s
+11° 48′ 53″
two thousand nine hundred and thirty-four
G5V
5,780
+0.023
Some other stars are sometimes called twin sun candidates, especially: Always used (Beta Canis) Gemini 37 and Cygnus sixteen B。 However, the temperature and luminosity of these three stars are too high to be true twin suns. Moreover, the metal content of Chang Chensi and Tianzuzengyi (Gemini 37) is too low compared with that of the twin sun. Finally, Xi Zhongsi B( 16 Cygni B) It is a distant binary system, and it is too old to be a twin sun (at least 7-8 billion years old). Always used It is more suitable to be classified in the aforementioned solar analogy. [5]

Livability

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Another way to define a twin sun is "habitable star" - a star considered to be particularly suitable for the existence of planets similar to the Earth, including mass, age Amount of metal , variability and proximity companion
This requires that the star stay in the main sequence period for at least 3 billion years, and its mass cannot exceed 1.5 times Solar mass The hottest spectral type is F5V. Such stars, Absolute magnitude It can reach 2.5, or 8.55 times of the sun.
Ideally, not Variability It means that the variability is less than 1%, but it is still acceptable to reach 3% in fact. Sidereal Livable zone Due to the companion and orbital Eccentricity , causing irradiance The variation of is also a problem.
stay Aggregate star In the system terrestrial planet As a system with three or more stars, it is impossible to have a long-term stable orbit. In a conjoined star system, a stable orbit is one of two types: an S-type (satellite or arch star) orbit is to orbit one of the stars; And P-type (planet or conjoined star) orbits, surrounding the entire conjoined star system. Eccentric Jupiter It may also interfere with planetary orbits in habitable zones.
Amount of metal At least 40% of the sun ([Fe/H]=- 0.4) is necessary for the formation of Earth like planets. High metal content and Hot Jupiter The formation of is closely related, but it has no absolute relationship with life. Like some gas Giant planet Eventually, there will be habitable zones surrounding their own orbits, and there may also be satellites similar to the Earth. [3]

Extinction process

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Life cycle of sun like and massive stars
similar sunlight Such a star, death is beautiful and peaceful. It will produce brilliant Gas nebula When this type of star runs out of hydrogen in its core, it starts hydrogen fusion in the thin shell around the core, and the core is wrapped in the shell like egg yolk. In the shell, the burning hydrogen releases energy, which heats the outer layer of the star, causing it to expand. Then the star becomes a Red Giant The outer layer of the star expands more and more violently, and finally it is completely blown away, leaving a hot, dying core. This core is called White dwarf It lights up the surrounding gas, forms a luminous nebula, and then becomes the birthplace of a new generation of stars. These processes take about 10000 years to evolve slowly, until they are too thin to be seen. The white dwarf gradually becomes cold and dim, and finally becomes a cold Black dwarf [4]
(Picture "Sun like and High quality The life cycle of stars ": [6]