Fargesia fargesii（Fargesia spathaceaFranch.) is a bamboo plant of Gramineae and Fargesia.Poles clustered or nearly scattered;Up to 6 meters high, cylindrical pole, no white powder or slightly white powder when young, hairless, longitudinal ribs underdeveloped, pith is sawdust like;The sheath ring is raised, and the culm ring is flat or slightly raised;Rod bud is ovoid or long ovoid, slightly rough, with grayish yellow short cilia on the edge.Branches are oblique, slightly covered with white powder, solid or several solid.The sheath is leathery, oblong triangular, and the sheath tongue is truncate. The sheath segments are everted or the sheath at the lower part of the culm is upright, triangular or linear lanceolate. The longitudinal ridge of the upper part of the small branches and leaves is not obvious, and there is no cilia on the edge or yellow brown cilia when young;The ear is small, purple, the ligule is slightly arched or truncate, hairless, and the petiole often has white powder;The leaf blade is linear lanceolate, with small serrations on one side of the leaf margin, and nearly smooth on the other side.The panicle is dense, terminal, and contains spikelets. The spathe is usually longer than the inflorescence. The branchlets of the inflorescence have grayish white hairs. The rachis and spikelet stalk are covered with grayish white hairs. The spikelets contain florets, purple or purple green;Shooting in May, flowering in April, and fruiting in May.
It is distributed in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan of China.It is 1300-2400 meters above sea level, and grows under forests or on barren slopes.The type specimen was collected from Chengkou County, Chongqing.
Bamboo shoots for food;The pole is split into strips for weaving.
The stem is 7-13 cm long and 7-20 mm thick.Poles clustered or nearly scattered;Upright, 1.5-4 m high, 0.5-2 cm thick;The internode is 15-18 cm long, and the internode at the base of the pole is 3-5 cm long. It is cylindrical. When it is young, there is no white powder or slight white powder, no hair, and the longitudinal ribs are underdeveloped. The wall of the pole is 2-3.5 mm thick, and the pith is sawdust shaped;Sheath ring protuberant, with gray white short bristles when young;The rod ring is flat or slightly raised;The length inside the node is 2-4mm.Rod bud is ovoid or long ovoid, slightly rough, with grayish yellow short cilia on the edge.Branches with 9-17 branches are born at each section of the pole, obliquely spreading, 1-2 mm in diameter, slightly covered with white powder, solid or several solid.[8]
The sheath is persistent or late falling, leathery, oblong triangular, slightly shorter or nearly as long as the internode, slightly arched at the apex, brown bristles on the back, obvious longitudinal veins, and brown cilia on the edge when young;The sheath ear is absent, and the sheath mouth usually has no fringe hairs;The sheath tongue is truncate, about 1 mm high, and the upper edge is densely covered with gray cilia of 1.5-3 mm long when young;The sheath segments are everted or erect at the lower part of the culm, triangular or linear lanceolate, flat or slightly involute at the lower part of the culm, about 4 mm wide, and the ventral base is covered with gray white hairs.[6]
Branchlets with 2-3 leaves;The leaf sheath is 2-3 cm long, the upper longitudinal ridge is not obvious, and the edge has no cilia or yellow brown cilia when young;Ears are small, purple, with 4-7 gray upward fringe hairs 1-5 mm long on the edge;Ligule slightly arched or truncate, glabrous, about 1mm high;Petiole 1-2 mm long, often white powder;The leaf blade is linear lanceolate, 6-10 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, glabrous on both sides, the apex is long and acuminate, the base is cuneate, 3-4 pairs of secondary veins, small transverse veins are slightly obvious, one side of the leaf margin has small serrations, and the other side is nearly smooth.
The flower branch is 5-35cm long, and each node can be subdivided into twigs. The upper part has 1-3 spathe bracts expanded from leaf sheaths, and usually has normal linear lanceolate leaves. The latter is 3-10cm long, 3-7mm wide, and the base is wedge-shaped;Hanmihadun panicle is dense, terminal, containing 8-14 spikelets, 3-4.5cm long and 1-1.4cm wide. The uppermost spathe is usually longer than the inflorescence, so it only extends from the side of the spathe opening. The branchlets of the inflorescence have grayish white micro hairs, each with 2 or 3 spikelets, and the branches at the lower part of the inflorescence often have a small bract.
Relevant atlas
spike
The rachis and spikelet stalk of Fargesia fargesii are covered with gray white micro hairs, and the spikelet stalk is inclined to one side of the rachis, 1-5.5 mm long;Spikelets contain 2 or 3 florets, 1.3-2.5 cm long, purple or purple green;The internode of spikelet axis is 1.5-3 mm long, covered with gray white micro hairs, and the top is slightly expanded;Glumes papery, apex acuminate or awn shaped, with micro hairs, the first glume is 3.5-7 mm long, ovoid lanceolate, with 3-5 veins, the second glume is 7-14 mm long, ovoid lanceolate, with 7-9 veins;Lemma ovate lanceolate, 11-16 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, with 9-11 veins, apex with awn tip, short bristle, lemma 8-11 mm long, apex 2-toothed, slightly hairy, ridge with small serrations;The scale is lanceolate, about 2 mm long, with veins at the lower part, and ciliated at the upper edge;Anthers yellow, 4-6 mm long.
Ovary long elliptic, glabrous, 1-2 mm long, style 1, stigma 2, feathery, about 1.5 mm long.Caryopsis ellipsoid, light brown, glabrous, 5-7 mm long, 2.2-3 mm in diameter, with persistent style 0.3-0.6 mm long at the apex, and ventral groove at the base.The shoot period is May, the flowering period is April, and the fruit period is May.[6]
Growth habit
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Most Fargesia fargesii grow in warm and humid environment with an annual average temperature of 13~19 ℃, annual precipitation of about 1000mm, and relatively high air humidity. It can grow well without a lot of water;No bamboo can stand cold and dry climate conditions, but it is a favorable vegetation for wind and sand resistance in alpine areas.[1]
arrow bamboo
geographical distribution
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Fargesia fargesii mainly grows in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan.In terms of geographical selection, most of them are born on the edge of hillsides and forests at an altitude of 1300-2400 meters, under forests or on barren slopes.
The distribution of Fargesia fargesiiQinling MountainsFoping Sutra on the South SlopeSichuan Basin NanpingPingwu、BeichuanThunderwaves from Baoxing to southern Sichuan are distributed in the mountainous area on the western edge of Sichuan Basin in an arc, including southern Gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Hubei and Jiangxi.[2]。
cultivation techniques
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Planting method:The best planting time is February and March before the bamboo shoots are unearthed in spring and September and October in autumn. Two to three plants are dug in a cluster.When digging, carry more soil to ensure the integrity of the whip buds and roots.After excavation, it shall be transported to a cool place and sprayed with water.Do not shake the bamboo stems when digging and transporting bamboo to avoid damage“screw”, affecting the survival.If the bamboo is too high, the shoot should be cut off. If there are too many leaves, some leaves can be removed.At the same time, the management of disease and insect prevention should be strengthened, and the diseased plants should be pruned in time.
Maintenance management:In order to ensure the survival, healthy growth and green elegance of Fargesia fargesii, the maintenance management must be strengthened. The main work includes the following aspects: ①Watering:Bamboo likes wetness and is afraid of ponding. It should be watered thoroughly for the first time after planting. ②apply fertilizer:After the bamboo survives, proper topdressing, "thin fertilizer and frequent application", 0.5% urea or 1.0% compound fertilizer shall be applied to the water in spring and summer.[3-4]
Pest prevention
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The main pests of Fargesia areaphid、scaleThe control method can be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos emulsion or 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times.
The main diseases are coal pollution, witches' broom, etc.
Bamboo witches' broom
Bamboo witches' broom
The newly infected bamboo twigs are slender and tendril like, and the leaves are also small and scale like.The internode is short, so it continues to branch until two years later to form a nest like, clustered into clusters and drooping.Shooting decreases year by year. When the disease is serious, the whole bamboo clumps and dies.
The disease is a fungal disease. Its source of infection is the conidia produced on the spring shoots of the diseased plants after overwintering. It is spread by wind and rain. The peak period of spore transmission is from early May to mid June.The spores invade the growth point from the new shoots and heart leaves to stimulate their rapid growth, thus showing a unique disease.
Prevention and control methods
Strengthen management and improve disease resistance.Remove old and weak bamboo branches and diseased bamboos to prevent disease from infecting again.The seriously ill bamboos shall be cut down, burned on the spot, and fertilization shall be strengthened to restore the forest as soon as possible.[5]
After the bamboo stems are killed, the diseased parts become black and brittle, the serious ones die, the bamboo forests decline, and the number of shoots decreases.The disease mostly occurs in the middle and lower parts of the bamboo stem or the bamboo nodes near the ground surface.The diseased part initially produces discolored patches. When the diseased spots expand around the bamboo stem, the diseased bamboo withers or breaks to one side.The pathogen of this disease is the bamboo stem rust pathogen. The susceptibility of different bamboo species is very different, and light bamboo is more susceptible.The peak period of pathogen spore transmission is from mid May to late June.The spores are transmitted to Hsinchu in the same year by wind. The incubation period can be as long as 7 to 19 months.The low temperature forest land often has serious disease.
Prevention and control methods
When the bamboo forest is sporadic, you can use a knife to scrape off the winter spore pile and the surrounding bamboo green. For the remaining light diseased bamboo, you can use 1:1 diesel oil and coal tar to treat it.Pressing soil at the base can press the stem rust spot at the base, thus reducing the dispersion and invasion of uredospores.[5]
ceratosphaeria phyllostachydis
The disease is a devastating disease of Fargesia fargesii, which mainly harms the newly born bamboos in the current year. In the light case, the material becomes worse, and in the serious case, the whole bamboo forest dies.The pathogen is Corynebacterium bambusicola, and its ascospores spread from late May to mid June.In the first half of July, disease spots appeared on the branches of Hsinchu, light brown or brown, tongue shaped or prismatic.The disease spots circle the main branches or branches, and the leaves on them beginWilting, curling up and falling off, forming withered shoots or branches.In the second, third or even fifth year, many black pyramidal fruit bodies will grow in the old spot.
Phyllostachys pubescens dieback disease of Fargesia fargesii
Prevention and control methods
Remove diseased plants, branches and shoots in the forest.During the invasion period, 50% carbendazim, or 50% tobuzin, or 50% bordeaux solution should be sprayed every 1 week to achieve satisfactory control effect.In general, as long as the management of bamboo forest tending is strengthened, ditches are opened for drainage, and the groundwater level is lowered;At the same time, reasonable felling, keeping ventilation and light, and preventing the above diseases have certain effects.[5]
Key values
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Dietary value:Fargesia is not onlypandaAt the same time, bamboo shoots can also be eaten by people.[6]
Medicinal value:Arrow bamboo leaves: sweet, cold.It can clear away heat and annoyance, and promote diuresis.It is used for fever, irritability, thirst, short urine, yellow and red.Fargesia fargesii growing under coniferous forests in Lijiang, Zhongdian and other places in northwest Yunnan has gall on its twigs and petioles, which is extracted fromHypocrellinMain raw materials of.
Process use: The culms of Fargesia can be used as flagpoles, poles, various furniture handles, and split strips for weaving.[6]Bamboo is thick and solid, which is used to make pen poles, chopsticks, tent poles, basket frames, etc.Bamboo is thick and solid, which is used to make pen poles, chopsticks, tent poles, basket frames, etc.
ecological value : Almost all bamboo species of this genus play a beneficial role in mountain water and soil conservation, slowing down surface runoff, conserving water sources, regulating microclimate environment, and promoting stable and high-yield agriculture.
Protection status
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In the past, it was generally believed that this bamboo was small, distributed in mountainous areas with inconvenient traffic conditions, and had little economic value.But in fact, there are many species of bamboos, which are widely distributed. The forest land area is quite large, and the reserves are rich. There are many usesUrgentThe precious natural resources developed and utilized can be used by giant pandas.[2-3]
