A warehouse where bulk materials are stored.It is divided into agricultural silos and industrial silos.Agricultural silos are used to store grain, feed and other granular and powdery materials;Industrial silos are used to store coke, cement, salt, sugar and other bulk materials.The cost of mechanized silos is generally about 1/3 higher than that of mechanized house type silos, but it can shorten the loading and unloading process of materials, reduce the operation and maintenance costs, eliminate heavy bagging operations, and facilitate mechanized and automated operations. Therefore, it has become one of the most important forms of granaries.
Chinese name
silo
Foreign name
silo
Related
The layout should be reasonable to save floor space
Attention
Not suitable for offshore setting
Location
High dry section with convenient transportation and downwind direction
Silos should be built in convenient transportationResidential buildingAnd downwind of public buildingsHigh drynessSection, with the possibility of connecting with water supply, drainage, heat supply, power supply and other lines;To prevent corrosion of steel plateCoastalset up.The design and construction of the silo should not only ensure that the strength of the silo wall meets the requirements, but also make the inner wall of the silo flat and smooth, so as to facilitate the loading and unloading of materials;The layout shall be reasonable to save floor space.The mechanized silo is equipped with unloading hopper at the bottom, and the upper corridor is equipped with loading transportation equipment.During loading, the bulk materials in the unloading pit are transported to the upper corridor through the elevator and discharged horizontallyBelt conveyorThe belt conveyor unloads the bulk materials to the grain inlet of the silo and flows into the silo.During unloading, the bulk materials are discharged to the lower corridor through the unloading funnel and transported out by the horizontal belt conveyor.In addition, drying, weighing, turning over, disinfection, cleaning and other work shall be carried out before the grain enters the warehouse, during the storage period and after the grain leaves the warehouse. Therefore, corresponding equipment and devices shall be equipped to gradually implement automatic operation.
Shape and layout
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The plane shapes of silos include square, rectangle, polygon and circle.The wall of circular silo has reasonable stress, so special attention should be paid to in foundation survey and foundation design. The material is economical, so it is widely used.When the stored materials are of a single type or with small reserves, separate warehouses or rows shall be used.When there are many kinds of stored materials or large reserves, group warehouses are arranged.The space between silos is called star silo and can also be used.
The total length of cylindrical silos generally does not exceed 60 meters, and the total length of square silos generally does not exceed 40 meters.Appropriate measures shall be taken when the length of group silos is too large or the stress and foundation conditions are complex, such asexpansion jointTo eliminate theShrinkage stressandTemperature stressImpact;set upSettlement jointTo avoid large load difference or foundation soil between different parts of the structurecarrying capacityThe influence of uneven settlement caused by obvious difference and other factors;Set seismic joints to reduce earthquake damage, etc.
Material Science
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Silos are made of masonry, timberreinforced concreteOr steel construction.Small silos can also be made of plastic.Brick and stone materials are widely used because they are easy to obtain, low in cost, and simple in construction.For masonry silos with large height, circumferential reinforcement or reinforced concrete ring beams shall be provided every certain height to bear the circumferential tension.The diameter of masonry silos is mostly less than 6 meters, and the height is not more than 20 meters.Reinforced concrete is used for silos with large capacity. Its diameter can reach 12 meters in group silos and more than 18 meters in independent silos. Its height is based onLifting equipmentAccording to the capacity and economic benefits, it is generally about 35 meters, and the cement silo transported by air flow can reach 50 meters (Figure 2).Steel is generally only used to make funnels for silos.
Calculation principle
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The friction between materials and the bin wall will reduce the pressure of materials on the bin wall and bottom.In the calculation, it can be divided into deep warehouse and shallow warehouse according to different stress conditions. When H/D ≥ 1.5 (H is the warehouse depth, D is the inner diameter of the circular warehouse or the short side length of the rectangular warehouse or the inner circle diameter of the regular polygon warehouse), it is called a deep warehouse, and when it is less than 1.5, it is called a shallow warehouse.The friction effect mentioned above shall be considered for deep silo, and can be ignored for shallow silo.
The silo bottom structure not only bears the weight of materials but also has the unloading function, so it is usually funnel shaped.Although the structure of flat silo bottom is simple, it needs slope filling, which not only consumes materials but also increases weight, so it is only suitable for small silos.In seismic area, the supporting structure of silo shall preferably adopt the structural form of tube wall support, but for natural ventilation and lighting, the structural form of column grid support can also be adopted.
Silos have the characteristics of fast loading, large load and uneven load, so special attention should be paid during foundation survey and foundation design, and the loading rate and uniformity should be controlled at the initial stage of use to avoid accidents.CanadaTransconnerThe grain bin with a reserve of 27000 tons, due to negligence in survey and too fast initial loading, leans 26 ° 53 'day and night, and is reused after straightening.
Bibliography
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M. L. ReimBert, A.M. Rambert, translated by Gu Huaxiao: Silo Theory and Practice,China Architecture PressBeijing, 1981.(M.L.Reimbert，A.M.Reimbert,Silos Theory and Practice，Trans.Tech.Pub.，Germany，1976.)
