The shaft drill is the equipment used in the coal mine shaft and other engineering shafts with a large depth of 500 meters.Starting from ZZS - 1 type, the development of coal mine shaft drilling rig today can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, the primary stage of coal mine shaft drilling rig, the use stage of special drilling rig, the improvement stage of special drilling rig and the development stage of new drilling rig.
The research of coal mine drilling technology began at 50yearsInitial stage.In 1963, a small test of drilling method was carried out in the Coal Science Research Institute. At the end of 1968, the ZZS - 1 vertical shaft drill was successfully manufactured. In the first half of 1969, China Coal Special Sinking (Group) Co., Ltd. cooperated with Beijing Construction Institute to complete the test of the first vertical shaft drill in China, and achieved success.
The drilling method has the advantages of high mechanization and automation, no need for workers to go down, good working conditions, low labor intensity, safe construction, good shaft wall quality, low deviation rate of well completion, strong adaptability, and low cost of deep and surface soil drilling.Especially in recent years, the drilling method sinking technology has made new progress in such aspects as well completion verticality, rapid process conversion, wall filling, and resistance to vertical shaft damage, which makes the drilling method sinking more and more popular with the construction units.The Drilling Engineering Department of China Coal Mining Construction Group Co., Ltd. has set a record for the deepest and largest drilling in China. The deepest well drilled is the main shaft of Banji Mine, 660m in diameter (95m, with a net diameter of 6.2m), and the largest borehole diameter and drilling net diameter are the west air inlet shaft of Zhangji Mine, respectively Φ 108m, Φ 8.3m (shaft depth 458)[1]。
Development history of coal mine shaft drill
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Starting from ZZS - 1 type, the development of coal mine shaft drilling rig today can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, the primary stage of coal mine shaft drilling rig, the use stage of special drilling rig, the improvement stage of special drilling rig and the development stage of new drilling rig.
1. Primary stage of coal mine shaft drilling rig
The original ZZS - 1 vertical well drilling rig was designed and manufactured by Beijing Well Construction Institute, Huainan Caijiagang Coal Machinery Plant and other units with six major parts of the oil rig, namely, rotary table, winch, crown block, traveling block, swivel and hook.China Coal Special Sinking (Group) Co., Ltd. and Beijing Construction Engineering Institute cooperated to complete the test of the first vertical shaft drill in China and achieved success.Thereafter, a ground rotary table was formed to drive drill pipe and drill bit;Hoist lifting and lowering;Decompression drilling;Advance hole drilling and sub reaming;Mud wall protection, air pressure reverse circulation mud washing, constant weight on bit, constant drilling speed or manual feeding operation process.Although various explorations have been made on the structural form of the drilling rig, such as QZ - 3Type 5 (submersible) drilling rig;Hongyang large drill (planetary wheel drill);The BZ - 1 (gantry crane lifting) drilling rig was eliminated by later special large drilling rigs only for drilling one or two wells due to low reliability and efficiency.
2. Stage of special drilling rig for coal mine shaft
Due to the small capacity of the drilling rig at the initial stage, the lifting force, rotary table torque, drilling diameter and depth are also difficult to meet the construction needs, especially in the drilling process, the failure rate is high, and the pure drilling rate is only 30-40%;For this reason, in 1972, Shanghai Heavy Machinery Plant specially developed a ND - 1 drilling rig for the Datun mining area in Shanghai;In the middle and late 1970s, Luoyang Mining Machinery Plant and China Coal Special Sinking (Group) Corporation developed one SZ - 9/700 drilling rig and two AS - 9/500 drilling rigs;China Coal Special Sinking (Group) Co., Ltd. also introduced two L40/800 rigs produced in the former West Germany.These six rigs have made great contributions to the drilling method construction in China, and the performance of the rig has been greatly improved. Compared with the initial rig, the capacity of the rig has been more than doubled.The pure drilling rate has increased to more than 50%.
Especially from 1982 to 1997, two AS-9/500 rigs and two L40/800 rigs completed seven deep and large shafts of more than 400m, which made great contributions to the position of drilling method in special shaft sinking.
3. Current characteristics of coal mine shaft drilling rig
Since the beginning of this century, due to the rapid development of the coal industry, the drilling method has also developed in two directions. One is that ordinary drilling is not feasible for small shallow soil shafts, and the freezing method is too small for workers to work underground, which makes it difficult to work. However, the drilling method does not exist in these problems, so Cui has created a medium-sized drilling rig;The other is the large number of deep alluvium shafts. When the alluvium is greater than 400m, especially when the alluvium is greater than 500m, the comprehensive advantages of drilling method is greater than freezing method, which provides a great platform for drilling method construction.
In order to meet the market demand, China Coal Special Sinking (Group) Co., Ltd. has researched and manufactured four medium-sized drilling rigs. Since 2000, a total of 15 wells have been completed. At the same time, these four drilling rigs also have the advantages of constructing large bored cast-in-place piles. At the same time, 426 piles (pile diameter is φ 15～2. 8m;The pile depth is 65~115m).At the same time, in order to meet the needs of drilling method construction in deep alluvium, China Coal Mining Construction Group Corporation has successfully transformed one SZ - 9/700 drilling rig, two AS - 9/500 drilling rigs, and two L40/800 drilling rigs, improving the capacity of these five drilling rigs.From 2003 to 2004, Huamei Tai'an Qiangke Mining Construction Company developed the AS - 12/800 drilling rig and undertook the drilling construction task of the auxiliary shaft of Banji Coal Mine.In 2006, Huamei started the development of AD120/900 drilling rig[2]。
Development of new type drilling rig
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In 2007, the original China Coal Special Sinking (Group) Company, Luoyang Mining Machinery Engineering Design and Research Institute and Nanjing Chenguang Group jointly designed and manufactured the AD130/1000 drilling rig, which was delivered in August 2007.
The design idea of the drilling rig is to combine the advantages of medium-sized drilling rig, AS-9/5000 drilling rig, L40/800 drilling rig and AS-12/800 drilling rig, and refer to the AD60/400 drilling rig in the form of full hydraulic power head manufactured by Luoyang Mining Machinery Engineering Design and Research Institute in 2005.
AD130/1000 drilling rig is hydraulically driven. The main oil pump is 10 A7V117 plunger pumps, with a total power of 800kW and a working hydraulic pressure of 25MPa;The power head is driven by 8 A6V250 motors;The main lift is two φ 450/φ 360 12m stroke large cylinders;The torque of the drilling rig reaches 600kNm;Lifting force 8000kN;The drilling depth is more than 1000m;The maximum drilling diameter is 13m (drilling in four stages: advance hole φ 60m; Primary reaming φ 9.0m;Secondary reaming φ 11.0m;Three stage reaming φ 13.0m;);Power head speed 0~18rpm;Two kinds of drill pipes are used, which are tooth embedded and flange connected. The pipe material is φ 500 × 20 alloy (35CrMoA) seamless steel pipe;The special manipulator is vertical and unloading, and the length of drill pipe is 5m and 10m;Maximum assembly weight of drill bit 2800kN (with 300tportal crane, gauge 18m, lifting height 17m);Constant WOB drilling method can be adopted;External air duct type reverse circulation well cleaning;Movable drilling frame (track gauge 16m);The overall weight is about 560 tons (excluding drill pipe and bit), and the total weight of 1000 m drill pipe is 321 tons.
Application and prospect of new drilling rig
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Since the beginning of this century, the verticality of well completion by drilling method has been greatly improved, which is mainly due to the standardization of well wall production, the use of large upper and small lower structure for the inner circle of the well wall, the use of error cancellation method for the measurement and alignment of the lower open caisson wall, and the progress of the straightening technology after the well is bottomed out.In addition, in recent years, the drilling method has been used to treat drill bitsMud treatmentGreat progress has been made in drilling shaft wall structure, wall back filling, stranding conversion and other aspects, so that the drilling method is no longer only used to drill air shaft, but can drill main shaft and auxiliary shaft.
In addition, due to the mobility of the AD130/1000 drilling rig, when entering the site for construction, a 300t gantry crane and drilling rig can be assembled at the same time as the temporary locking mouth of the drilling rig is constructed. When the locking mouth reinforced concrete curing reaches the strength, the drilling rig can be put in place to start drilling, so that it only takes one month to reach the drilling conditions, and it is more convenient to exit the site, just to drive the drilling rig away.In this way, compared with the previous drilling rig, the mobilization and demobilization time is saved by 25 months.
After the AD130/1000 drilling rig left the factory, it was favored by the owners. In 2008, the Drilling Engineering Department of China Coal Mine Construction Group successfully drilled the first shaft in the south air shaft of Yuandian No. 1 Mine of Huaibei Mining Group, with a depth of 302m and a diameter of 71m, net diameter of well completion 50 m, and the comprehensive monthly well completion reached 42m. In February 2010, a gangue well was successfully built in Zhujixi Mine of Wanbei Coal Power Group Co., Ltd., with a shaft depth of 545m and a borehole diameter of 77m, net diameter 52m, and the comprehensive monthly well completion is 45m.The drilling of the above two wells is completed by one drill, which is one to two stages less than the original 9m or 8m drill, and the total drilling time can be saved about 30%.
Looking forward to the future, the AD130/1000 drilling rig will become a new highlight of special shaft sinking with the characteristics of fast well completion, fast mobilization and demobilization, and fast twist conversion, regardless of the complex geological conditions of shallow topsoil or deep alluvium[3]。
