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Vertical machining center

Multi functional workpiece processing machine

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Machining center (CNC in English): it is equipped with tool magazine and Automatic tool changer A highly automated multi-function numerical control machine 。 Many people in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Guangdong also call it Cnc 。

Chinese name: Vertical machining center
Foreign name: Computerized Numerical Control
English abbreviations: CNC

Also called: Cnc
Applicable to: Machining complex parts such as plates and small shells
Advantages: Simple structure, small floor area and low price

catalog

one Product Introduction
two Classification basis
▪ Classification according to guide rail
▪ Classification according to speed
▪ Classification according to structure
three Product differentiation

Product Introduction

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Figure 1 Vertical Machining Center

workpiece Once on the machining center Clamping After that, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and replace tools according to different processes, and automatically change the machine tool spindle speed, feed rate and tool relative to the workpiece path of particle And other auxiliary functions to complete the processing of multiple processes on several surfaces of the workpiece in turn. It also has a variety of tool change or tool selection functions, thus greatly improving production efficiency.

Figure 2 Vertical Machining Center Machine

Vertical machining center It refers to the machining center whose spindle axis is perpendicular to the workbench. It is mainly used to process complex parts such as plates, discs, molds and small shells. Vertical machining center can complete milling 、 Boring 、 Drilling 、 Tapping And thread cutting. The vertical machining center is at least three axes and two linkages, which can generally achieve three axes and three linkages. Some can be carried out Five axes Six axis control. The vertical machining center has limited column height, so the machining range of box type workpieces should be reduced, which is the disadvantage of the vertical machining center. But the vertical machining center is convenient for clamping and positioning the workpiece; The movement track of the cutting tool is easy to observe, the debugging program is convenient to check and measure, and problems can be found in time for shutdown or modification; Cooling conditions are easy to establish, cutting fluid Direct access to tools and machined surfaces; Three coordinate axes and Cartesian coordinate system It is consistent with the visual angle of the pattern, and the chips are easy to be removed and dropped to avoid scratching the processed surface. And corresponding Horizontal machining center In comparison, the structure is simple, the floor area is small, and the price is low.

Classification basis

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Classification according to guide rail

According to the form of each axis guide rail of vertical machining center, it can be divided into hard rail and wire rail. The hard rail is suitable for heavy cutting, and the line rail movement is more sensitive.

Classification according to speed

Vertical machining center spindle speed 6000-15000rpm is low-speed type, and 18000rpm or above is high-speed type.

Classification according to structure

According to the bed structure of vertical machining center, it can be divided into C type and gantry type.

Product differentiation

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vertical

Vertical machining center refers to a machining center whose main shaft is vertical. Its structural form is mostly a fixed column. The workbench is rectangular and has no indexing rotation function. It is suitable for machining disk, sleeve and plate parts. It generally has three linear motion coordinate axes, and can be installed with a rotary table rotating along the horizontal axis on the workbench to process spiral parts.

The vertical machining center is easy to install, operate, observe and debug, and widely used. However, due to the limit of column height and tool changing device, parts that are too high cannot be processed. When machining the cavity or concave surface, the chip is not easy to discharge, and in serious cases, the tool will be damaged, the machined surface will be damaged, and the smooth processing will be affected.

horizontal

Horizontal machining center It refers to the machining center with horizontal spindle, usually with automatic indexing Rotary table It generally has 3-5 motion coordinates. It is common to add three linear motion coordinates and one rotation motion coordinate. After the workpiece is clamped once, the machining of the other four surfaces except the mounting surface and top surface is completed. It is most suitable for adding box type parts. Compared with the vertical machining center, the horizontal machining center is easy to remove chips when machining, which is beneficial to machining, but its structure is complex and its price is high.

technical parameter

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project	Item	XH716
Table size (width x length)	Table size ( W X L )	590*1450 mm
Table T-slot (slot number X number X spacing)	Table tee slots (slot number x slot wide x slot distance)	185125 mm
Maximum bearing capacity of workbench	Max load of table	1350 kg
X/Y/Z direction travel	X/Y/Z travel	1270/610/760 mm
X/Y/Z guide rail form	X/Y/Z guideway type	Slide rail
X/Y/Z fast moving speed	X/Y/Z Rapid speed	20 m/min
Cutting feed speed range	Cutting feed speed range	1~8000 mm
Distance from spindle centerline to main column guide rail surface	Distance from spindle center to vertical guideway	635 mm
Distance from spindle end face to worktable	Distance from spindle nose to table center	150~910 mm
Spindle taper hole	Taper of spindle	ISO50
Spindle motor power	Spindle motor power	11/15 kw
Spindle speed range	Spindle speed range	20~6000 rpm
Maximum output torque of main shaft	Max.output of spinder	95.4 N.m
Magazine capacity/form	Tool magazine capacity / type	16/hat type 24/disc type (optional)
Maximum tool weight	Max.weight of tool	15 kg
Max. tool diameter/length	Max.dia/length of tool	147 / 350 mm
Tool change time (tool setting)	Tool change time (T-T)	8 s
positioning accuracy	Position accruacy of coordinate	+0.010 mm
Repeated positioning accuracy	Repeatability	+0.005 mm
Total power of machine tool	Total motor power	35 kw
Overall dimensions of machine tool (length x width x height)	Overall dimensions (LxWxH)	3200X2650X3320 mm
Machine weight	Weight of machine

Industry status

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In 2011, the total output of vertical machining centers in China was 16512, accounting for 57.0% of the total output of machining centers, with a year-on-year growth of 2.3%.

In 2011, the output value of China's vertical machining centers reached 3.12 billion US dollars, accounting for 42.90% of the total output value of machining centers, with a year-on-year increase of 13.1%^[1] 。

Main configuration

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name	Specifications	Place of Origin
principal axis	BT40/8000rpm	Taiwan
Spindle motor	11KW/15HP	Japan
Four petal claw	BT40	Taiwan
Three-axis motor	2KW	Japan
Numerical control system	FCA-64SM	Japan
servo system	MSD-B-SVJ2-20	Japan
Spindle cooling system	CO 4PTS-20L	Taiwan
coupling	∮28*∮35	Taiwan
Air duct system	6KG	Taiwan
Oil system	2L 18KG/C㎡	Taiwan
Cutter system	3500KG	Taiwan
Bearing	35TAC72	Japan
Ball screw	∮40*12	Taiwan
Tool magazine (optional)	Robot arm (24 pieces)	Taiwan
Tool magazine (optional)	Bamboo hat type (16 pieces)	Taiwan

Main accessories

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one	Automatic Tool Changer (ATC)
two	FANUC OI series CNC system
three	Closed shield
four	Work lights
five	Automatic lubrication system
six	Spindle air blowing device
seven	Foundation screw and cushion block
eight	Attached technical data

Selected accessories

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one	Cooling device in main shaft
two	Automatic tool measurement
three	Automatic workpiece measurement
four	CNC turret
five	ZF gearbox

Note: XH716 can choose rolling and sliding rail composite guide rail, and the feed speed can reach 24m/min.

lubrication system

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Lubrication system of vertical machining center In short, it is to mix the separately supplied lubricating oil and compressed air to form a turbulent flow of oil and air mixture and then send it to the main shaft or other lubrication parts of the machining center.

working principle

utilize compressed air The flow in the pipe drives the lubricating oil to flow continuously along the inner wall of the pipe, mixing the oil and gas and delivering them to the main shaft of the machining center, the lead screw and other parts that need lubrication. Dry compressed air is supplied continuously at a constant pressure (5-8BAR), while lubricating oil is supplied quantitatively according to the oil consumption of main shaft lubrication, screw lubrication or other parts. Therefore, each lubrication circuit must use a separate micro oil pump as the power source for oil transmission. After the oil comes out of the pump, it must first enter the oil-gas mixing valve. In the oil-gas mixing valve, the flowing compressed air blows the oil into small oil droplets, which attach to the pipe wall to form an oil film. The oil film flows along the pipe wall in the direction of the air flow, and the thickness of the oil film gradually decreases during the flow process, But not cohesive^[2] 。

Figure 3 Schematic Diagram of Oil Air Lubrication

characteristic

1. Environmental protection and pollution-free. Because there will be no oil pollution and mist, the surrounding environment will not be polluted‘

2. Accurate fuel supply. The oil can be delivered to the lubrication points such as the main shaft and the lead screw according to different needs by adding a regulating valve;

3. There is no difficulty in atomizing high viscosity lubricating oil; Suitable for any oil product;

4. Automatic detection and monitoring. It can detect whether the lubricating oil is normal. If the lubrication is poor, it can alarm and stop the machine to avoid abnormal operation of the equipment.

5. Especially suitable for spindle Rolling bearing It has a certain air cooling effect, which can reduce the operating temperature of the bearing, thus extending the service life of the spindle;

6. Low fuel consumption and cost saving.

Similarities and differences between oil air lubrication and oil mist lubrication

Same point: both are powered by compressed air.

difference: Oil air lubrication Instead of crashing the oil into mist, compressed air flow is used to transport small oil drops along the pipeline to the lubrication point.

Oil air lubrication has many advantages compared with other lubrication. Oil air lubrication system of machining center It mainly consists of pneumatic pump, air source processing element, control part, spiral tube and other accessories. Different from oil mist lubrication, oil gas lubrication uses a wide range of oil viscosity.

application

1. In the machining center, the parts that will generate abnormal heat will be lubricated with grease and lubricating oil circularly

2. Like the main shaft, it needs highly clean and closed parts and bearings with high speed^[3]

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