Scientist refers to the research on nature, lifeEnvironmental Science, phenomenon and its nature, and has made outstanding contributions and outstanding achievementsscienceworker.[1]
Chinese name
scientist
Foreign name
scientist
Interpretation
Those who have made outstanding contributions and made outstanding achievementsscienceworker[1]
In 1833British Association for the Advancement of ScienceAt the Third Congress, the term "scientist" was put forward to address those engaged in general scientific research.This is a common belief - explorationnatural lawAnd put it into practice.The term "scientist" was proposed inNewtonWhen the manuscript was dusty in the aristocratic manor, the debate about Newton and his person became more and more fierce with the evolution of the times. Someone came out to defend Newton's image.[2]
creative spirityesscientific researchThe most distinctive gift.Scientific discoveries andTechnical InventionOnly the first, no second.In the past 500 years,World Science CenterThe several shifts of human beings are all recorded in the history of struggle in which human beings dare to compete and stand up to the tide.[3]
Realistic spirit
The spirit of seeking truth is the driving force for the development and progress of science and technology.Science is an endless exploration in the face of the unknown and a real struggle to uncover the "veil" of nature.There is no constant discovery mode, no constant expected path, and only theobjective truthThe constant exploration and pursuit of.[3]
The spirit of educating people is related to the long-term development of science and technology.Science is a great undertaking that inherits the past and ushers in the future. It is a process in which the seniors who are willing to be human ladders and the seniors who are constantly surpassing each other learn from each other.The charm and mind of great scientists in history and the efforts and transcendence of young people are crucial to the development of a discipline or even a school of thought.[3]
social responsibility
scientific research
The development of society has reached this stage: we are gradually separated from the living conditions of natural animals, all members must be directly involved in the acquisition of the most basic materials for survival, and a group of people have left the frontlineMaterial productionIt is specialized in maintaining group safety.Whenscientific progress At this point, most people do not have to participate in meeting people's basic survivalmaterial goodsWhen more people are liberated from the front line of satisfying survival, scientists have evolved from a semi professional state into a professional group.human societyMore efforts have been made to explore how to break away from the state of natural animals more easily and engage in non first line production and survivalnecessityThe increase in the number of people will inevitably expand the various groups of people that have been divided in various periods, as a population, to maintain theSurvival status。
Part 7 of the Vienna Declaration of the Third Pugwash Conference (adopted on September 19, 1958)
We believe that scientists all over the world have the responsibility to make people understand the risks and potential brought by the unprecedented growth of natural sciencePublic educationTo make contributions.We call on colleagues everywhere to make unremitting efforts to this end by inspiring adult groups or by educating the coming generations.In particular, education should emphasize the improvement of various relationships between people, and should eliminate all forms of boasting about war and violence in education.
Scientists, because of their specialized knowledge, have more conditions to learn about the dangers and potential of scientific discoveries in advance.Therefore, they have special skills and responsibilities for the most urgent problems of our times.
Madame Curie
At present, under the situation of distrust between countries and the resulting competition for military hegemony, all disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology and psychology have become increasingly involved in military research and development.In the eyes of people in many countries, "natural science" has become closely linked with "weapons research and development".Scientists, either because of their contributions to national security, accept praise, or through inventionsweapons of mass destruction , has brought mankind into danger, and bears the curse.Science has enjoyed more and more material support in many countries, mainly because of itsMilitary strengthandarms raceThe direct or indirect importance of the degree of victory.This makes science deviate from its original purpose. The real purpose of science is to improve human knowledge, and to improve human's ability to control nature for the well-being of all mankind.
We deplore the current situation that has led to this situation, and we call on all the people and governments to build a global situation of lasting, stable peace.
Scientists first foundMoonOnNew mineralAnd named“Chang'e Stone”This mineral is the sixth new mineral found on the moon, and also the third country in the world to discover new minerals on the moon.[4]
sunlightIt is a kind of richRenewable energy, via andPhotocatalystIt works and canCatalytic decompositionHydrogen generation from water and reductioncarbon dioxideGenerate solar fuel (solar energy, water and fuel converted from carbon compounds).Scientists recently "photographed" photocatalyst photogenerationcharge transferEvolve the whole space-time image to break through solar energyPhotocatalytic reactionBottleneck and more efficient use of solar energy provide new understanding and research strategies.[5]
Outstanding person
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Zhang Heng
A superstar in the history of world science, from the Eastern Han DynastyZhang Heng(Pingzi, 78-139).[9]
kuo
kuo (1031-1095), a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the name of Cunzhong, the father-in-law of Mengxi, a native of Qiantang County, Hangzhou, lived in the "Mengxi Garden" at the foot of Shouqiu Mountain in Zhenjiang for 8 years in his later years《Mengxi Writing》A masterpiece.[8]
Guo Shoujing
Famous astronomer, water conservancy scientist, mathematician and instrument manufacturing expert in the Yuan DynastyGuo Shoujing。He devoted his whole life to scientific research, harnessing the Dahuoquan, digging the Tonghui River, exploring the source of the Yellow River, and successfully manufacturing astronomical instruments such as simple instruments and elevation meters.He built the observatory, revised it《Time service calendar》And achieved outstanding results.[7]
When Einstein was young, one day the German army passedMunichIn the street, curious people flocked to the window to cheer, and children were fascinated by the soldiers' shiny helmets and neat footsteps. But Einstein hid in fear. He looked down upon and feared these "war monsters", and asked his mother to take him to the country where he would never become such a monster.In middle school, his mother met Einstein's request and took him to Italy.Einstein gave up his German nationality, but he did not apply for Italian nationality. He wanted to be independentWorld Citizens。……After the war, Einstein tried to build his dream of world peace on the basis of reality, and made a series of "peace" speeches in the "enemy country".His thoughts and actions nearly killed him:ImperialismAmbitiousRussiaThe noble female assassin secretly aimed the muzzle of the gun at him;German right-wing assassinsblacklistThe name of Albert Einstein also appeared on it;Hitler offered a reward of 20000 marks for his head.In order to maintain "harmony" with the world, Einstein had to move from Italy toNetherlands, immigrated to the United States from the Netherlands, and became an American citizen.He believes that in the United States, people of all classes can coexist in barely passable friendship.
The end of the 19th century was a period of change in physics. Einstein, starting from experimental facts, re examined the basic concepts of physics and made a fundamental breakthrough in theory.Some of his achievements have greatly promoted the development of astronomy.HisQuantum TheoryyesAstrophysics, especiallyTheoretical astrophysicsHave a great impact.The first mature aspect of theoretical astrophysics, the stellar atmosphere theory, is based on the quantum theory andRadiation theoryBased on.Einstein'sSpecial relativityIt successfully reveals the relationship between energy and mass, and solves the long-standing problem of star energy source.With the discovery of more and more high-energyphysical phenomenonSpecial relativity has become the most basic theoretical tool to explain this phenomenon.hisGeneral relativityIt also solved an unsolvable mystery in astronomy for many years, and concluded thatLight bendingPhenomenon also became the theoretical basis of many later astronomical concepts.
EinsteinThe greatest contribution to astronomy is hiscosmologyTheory.He founded the relativistic cosmology, and established the static finite and infinite self consistent dynamicsCosmic model, and introducedCosmological principle、Curved spaceAnd other new concepts have greatly promoted the development of modern astronomy.
Vinci
From the above data, we can see the respect of scientists.However, scientists are not only scientific workers, but also realMembers of society。Therefore, some of them often show greedy desire and extreme pursuit of power.Science is not holy, scientists are notmoral, such lessons have been learned in ancient and modern times.We often see advertisements made by contemporary western scientists for enterprises, but the results often disappoint us.In 500 BC,ancient GreekPythagorasA student of the Pythagoras School (Hippasus) found irrational numbers, but was executed by the teacher.
The lesson of history is to teach mankind.Science is completely out of the shadow of political powerlysenko The shadow of the stream is still an arduous task for mankind.cyberneticsFounder ofNorbert Wiener"Science is a way of life, and it is only when people haveFreedom of beliefOnly then can we prosper.Beliefs that are forced to obey orders from the outside world are not beliefs. A society based on such false beliefs will inevitably collapse due to paralysis, because in such a society, science has no basis for healthy growth."
Qian Xuesen
Qian Xuesen[6]
When talking about China's space industry, we must mention our famous scientistsMr. Qian Xuesen.Mr. Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911, and went to Beijing with his father when he was three years old.Went to the United States in August 1935Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyStudy, transferred in October 1936California Institute of Technology, became a famous force scientistVon CarmenOfstudent。[6]
