State of Kuwait（Arabic：دولة الكويت，English: The State of Kuwait)（Arabic：الكويت；English: Kuwait), located atAsiawestPersian GulfNorthwest Coast.With Saudi ArabiaIraqIt is adjacent to the Persian Gulf in the east and faces Iran across the sea.The coastline is 290km long.There are 9 islands, including Bubiyan and Farakar, with a water area of 5625 square kilometers.It covers an area of 17818 square kilometers.KuwaitThe population is 4.859 million,Among them, Kuwaitis account for about 32%.[31]The country is divided into six administrative provinces, and the capital isKuwait City。[1]
In the 7th centuryArab EmpirePart of.After 1871Ottoman Empire。From 1899British coloniesAnd became independent in 1961.On August 2, 1990IraqThey sent troops to embezzle, which led toPersian Gulf War。On February 26, 1991, the country was restored.[1]
KuwaitpetroleumAnd rich in natural gas resources, with proven oil reserves of 14 billion tons, ranking seventh in the world.Natural gas reserves are 1.78 trillion cubic meters, ranking 18th in the world.[1]In 2022, Kuwait's GDP will be 176 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 39000 US dollars and an economic growth rate of 7.6%.[19]
Chinese name
State of Kuwait[1]
Foreign name
The State of Kuwait；Kuwait[1] دولة الكويت（الكويت）
On June 19, 1961, Kuwait declared its independence and joined in May 1963the United Nations。
On August 2, 1990IraqThey sent troops to embezzle, which led toPersian Gulf War。
On February 26, 1991, the country was restored.[1]
On March 6, 1991, the Gulf War ended in KuwaitEmirJaber and other government officials returned to Kuwait.
On January 29, 2006, the Kuwaiti Parliament unanimously approved the Prime Ministersabah Served as Amir case.On June 29, the general election of the National Assembly was officially held, and Kuwaiti women exercised their right to vote and stand for election for the first time in history.
On June 2, 2017,United Nations General AssemblyKuwait was elected as a non permanent member of the Security Council in 2018 and 2019.[3]
In March 2022, Crown Prince Mishal of Kuwait signedAmir Order, two new Deputy Prime Ministers were appointed and served concurrently as Defense Minister and Home Secretary respectively.Emir orders issued were appointed separatelyTalal Khaled Ahmed SabahDeputy Prime Minister and Minister of DefenseAhmed Nawaf Ahmed SabahDeputy Prime Minister and Home Secretary.[13]
On June 22, 2022 (local time), the Crown Prince of Kuwait announced the dissolution of the National Assembly.[14]
On April 9, 2023, the Kuwaiti authorities announced that the country had formed its seventh government within three years.[16]
On September 4, 2023 local time, Serbia, Panama and Kuwait signed on during the 43rd ASEAN Summit and a series of conferences held in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia《Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia》（TAC）。At present, 54 countries have joined the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia.[20]
On the afternoon of January 4, 2024 local time, the Emir of Kuwait issued the Amir Order, appointed Mohammed Sabah Salim Sabah as Prime Minister, and instructed him to nominate new cabinet members[22]。On April 6 local time, the Prime Minister of Kuwait Mohammed Sabah Salem Sabah sentEmir of Kuwait(Head of State) submits his resignation to the Cabinet.[26]
According to the Kuwait News Agency, on April 15, 2024, the Emir Mishal of Kuwait announced the appointment of Ahmed Abdullah as the new Prime Minister and the formation of a cabinet.[27]
According to the Kuwait News Agency, on the evening of May 12, 2024, the Emir Mishal of Kuwait announced the approval of the new cabinet led by Prime Minister Ahmad Abdullah.The new cabinet is composed of 13 ministers, 9 of whom are from the previous government, including the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, Fahd Yusuf Sabah, and the Foreign Minister, Abdullah Ali Yahya.[28]
geographical environment
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Regional location
Kuwait covers an area of 17818 square kilometers(includingthe arabian peninsulaAnd the nearby islands of Bubiyan, Freikey, etc.)。It is located on the northwest coast of the Persian Gulf in western Asia.It is adjacent to Saudi Arabia and Iraq, bordering the Persian Gulf in the east and facing Iran across the sea.The coastline is 290km long.There are 9 islands, including Bubiyan and Farakar, with a water area of 5625 square kilometers.[1]
topographic features
Most of the land in Kuwait is desert, and the terrain is relatively flat. There are no mountains, rivers and lakes in Kuwait, and the groundwater is poor.[1]
Climatic characteristics
Kuwait has a tropical desert climate. The summer is hot and dry, and the maximum temperature can reach 51 ℃. The winter is short, humid and rainy, and the minimum temperature can reach - 6 ℃.The annual precipitation is 22-177mm.[1]
natural resources
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Kuwait is rich in oil and natural gas reserves.The proven oil reserves are 14 billion tons, ranking seventh in the world.Natural gas reserves are 1.78 trillion cubic meters, ranking 18th in the world.[1]Oil is the main source of Kuwait's fiscal revenue and the pillar of the national economy. More than 90% of Kuwait's fiscal revenue comes from oil.Its output value accounts for 40% of GDP and 95% of export earnings.In 1978, it produced 110 million tons of crude oil (6.315 million tons in 1991), making it one of the major oil producing countries in the world.In addition to quarrying oil, rich undersea gas fields are being exploited.The output value of non oil production accounts for 60% of GDP (including 0.4% of agriculture and fishery, 13.3% of manufacturing, 0.1% of electricity and water, 2.7% of construction, 6.3% of wholesale and retail, 0.8% of catering and hotel, 4.6% of transportation, storage and communication, 4% of finance, 0.2% of insurance, 7.3% of real estate and business services, 22.4% of community social services, etc.).
capital of KuwaitKuwait City(Kuwait City), located on the south coast of the Gulf of Kuwait, is the most importantDeep water port, the political and economic center of the country.Population: 510000 (2013)[1]。It was founded in the early 18th century and developed rapidly in 1938 due to the discovery of oil in the country. In the 1950s, it was built into a modern city with petrochemical, fertilizer, food processing and other industries, exporting oil, leather, wool, etc. It is also a transit port for many small ports along the Persian Gulf. In the south, there are satellite cities Hawali and Salimier.
National symbol
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national flag
Flag of Kuwait
Flag of Kuwait It is a horizontal rectangle, and the ratio of length to width is 2:1.The side near the flagpole is a black trapezoid, and the right side is composed of green, white and red equal width stripes from top to bottom.Black symbolizes defeating the enemy, green represents oasis, white represents purity, and red symbolizes the bleeding of the motherland.Another saying is that black symbolizes the battlefield and red symbolizes the future.
national emblem
Kuwait National Emblem
Kuwait National EmblemIt is round.A white falcon spreads its wings to form a circle, on which there are sea water, blue sky, white clouds and sailing boats. It symbolizes Kuwait in history.The falcon has a shield shaped flag on its chest, and the upper part of the round face isarabicIt says "State of Kuwait".[1]
Population and nationality
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In April 2019, the population of Kuwait was 4.43 million, of which Kuwaitis accounted for about 30%.[2]
according toArab TimesOn July 8, 2014, it was reported that according to the latest statistical data, the number of foreigners in Kuwait reached 2413081, with the largest number of Indians reaching 762471.Next to India isEgypt517973 persons;The People's Republic of Bangladesh181265 people.[4]
As of September 2023, Kuwait has a population of 4.824 million, of which Kuwaitis account for about 34%.[18][21]
Politics
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regime
Kuwait is a hereditary monarchical emirate.Emir is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces.All laws and treaties and agreements signed with foreign countries shall be ratified and come into force by the Emir.Kuwait advocates safeguarding national independence, national sovereignty and territorial integrity, developing national economy and implementing a high welfare system.After the Gulf War, Kuwait quickly began its post-war reconstruction work, strengthened its national defense construction, and gradually promoted Kuwait among government departments and economic institutions.Kuwait has a stable political situation and a good security situation.[31]
The head of state isNawaf Ahmed Jaber Sabah(Nawaf Al Ahmed Al Jaber Al Sabah), the 16th Emir, ascended the throne on September 29, 2020.[1]
constitution
The Constitution was formally promulgated on November 12, 1962.According to the Constitution, Kuwait is an Arab country with complete sovereignty and independence;Islam is the national religion, and its doctrine is the legislative basis;Emir must be descended from the descendants of the seventh Emir Mubarak Sabah;The legislative power is exercised by the Emir and the Parliament. The Emir has the right to dissolve the Parliament and postpone its session;The executive power is exercised by the Emir, the Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers;The judicial power is exercised by the court in the name of the Emir within the scope of the Constitution;The Crown Prince is nominated by the Amir and passed by the Parliament;The Emir appoints and removes the Prime Minister, and appoints and removes cabinet ministers according to the Prime Minister's nomination.[31]
parliament
Kuwait
The National Assembly, established on January 23, 1963, is a legislative body with a unicameral system.Its main function is to formulate and pass various national laws and regulations;To supervise the implementation of national finance;Exercise various political powers.The Parliament is composed of 50 members elected nationally and current ministers, and each term of office is four years.On April 5, 2024, Kuwait elected the 18th National Assembly.On 10 May, Emir Mishal ordered the dissolution and suspension of the National Assembly.[31]
judicial
The judiciary is subordinate to the Ministry of Justice.The President of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General are appointed by the Emir, and the Court exercises judicial power within the scope of the Constitution in the name of the Emir.[1]
government
After the election of the 18th National Assembly of Kuwait in April 2024, the 45th government of Kuwait resigned collectively in accordance with the practice.On April 15, the Emir of Mishal appointed Ahmad Abdullah Al Ahmad Al Sabah as Prime Minister and instructed him to form a cabinet.On May 15, Prime Minister Ahmed led the 46th Cabinet to take the oath of office.[31]
party
Kosovo prohibits all political party activities.However, after the Gulf War, several major political factions emerged in the Kosovo Council elections:
1、Islamic Charter Movement：Established in March 1991Muslim BrotherhoodAnd traditional organizations, master many financial and commercial companies, financial strength.He advocated moderate measures to make Koh become a country more compliant with Islamic law.
3、Charter Alliance: It is composed of rich businessmen, most of whom are members of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
4、Democracy Forum: Founded in March 1991, most of its members are intellectuals, claiming to be left-wing nationalist organizations.It emphasizes the people's power and opposes the monopoly of cabinet positions by royal family members, but does not oppose the Emir's hereditary system.
5、Liberals and IndependentsAdvocate democracy, freedom and democratic reform.The members are mainly intellectuals, cultural, educational and press figures.[1]
Dignitaries
Meshal Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah: Emir.Born in 1940.He has long served in the Ministry of the Interior. In 2004, he served as Deputy Commander (Minister level) of the National Guard. He was appointed Crown Prince on October 8, 2020 and succeeded the 17th Emir of Kuwait on December 16, 2023.
Sabah Khaled Al Hamad Al Sabah: Crown Prince.Born in 1953.He once served as Minister of Social and Labor Affairs, Minister of Information, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Prime Minister and other posts in Kuwait.He was appointed Crown Prince on June 2, 2024.
Ahmad Abdullah Al Ahmad Al Sabah: Prime Minister.Born in 1952.He used to be the minister of finance, transportation, oil and other important positions in Kuwait. He has been the director of the General Office of the Crown Prince of Kuwait since 2021.He was appointed Prime Minister on April 15, 2024.[31]
Economics
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overview
The petroleum and natural gas industries are the main pillars of the national economy.In recent years, while focusing on the development of petroleum and petrochemical industries, the government has emphasized the development of diversified economy, focused on the development of finance, trade, tourism, exhibition and other industries, and put forward the "2035 National Vision" to build Kuwait into a regional commercial and financial center, give play to the important role of private enterprises in the economic development of Kuwait, and ensure the comprehensive and balanced development of people's lives,To achieve social justice.
Main economic data (2023):
GDP: US $165.97 billion
GDP per capita: 37500 US dollars
Economic growth rate: - 3.6%
Total import and export: US $123.15 billion
Exports: US $85.14 billion
Imports: US $38.01 billion
Foreign exchange reserves: US $48.25 billion (by the end of September 2023)
Exchange rate 1 USD ≈ 0.303 dinars[31]
Industry
The World's Largest and Most Luxury Wooden Boat Hotel - Kuwait Sass Hotel
While focusing on the development of petroleum and petrochemical industries, the Kuwaiti government emphasizes the development of diversified economies, reduces dependence on oil, and constantly increases foreign investment.The industry is dominated by petroleum exploitation, smelting and petrochemical industry, while other industries include flour, building materials, food processing, etc.The export quota of Kuwait in OPEC is 2 million barrels per day, and the actual daily output is 2.6 million barrels.By 2011, Kuwait's daily crude oil processing capacity will increase significantly from 930000 barrels in 2006 to 1.4 million barrels.The main oil fields in Kuwait areDaburgan Oilfield, located in southeast Kuwait.The Great Bulgan Oilfield is the largest sandstone oilfield in the world, and is second only toGhawar Oil field Is the second largest oil field in the world.
In 2023, the daily output of crude oil will be about 2.41 million barrels.Kuwait Petroleum Corporation is one of the top ten oil companies in the world.
Agriculture
The arable area of Kuwait is about 14182 hectares, and the soilless cultivation area is about 156 hectares.The government attaches importance to the development of agriculture, which accounts for 0.5% of GDP.Agriculture mainly produces vegetables, and food and agricultural and livestock products are mainly imported.The marine fishery resources are rich, and the main marine products are prawn, grouper, yellow croaker, etc.[1][31]
foreign trade
It plays an important role in the economy.The export commodities mainly include petroleum and chemical products, while the import commodities include machinery, transportation equipment, industrial products, grain and food.The main trade partners are the United States, Japan, Britain, South Korea, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Singapore, etc.[31]
foreign aid
Kuwait assists developing countries with 3.8 per cent of its gross domestic product every year.In 1961, the Kuwait Arab Economic Development Foundation was established to provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries on behalf of the Kuwaiti government to finance the development and construction of infrastructure projects in developing countries.[31]
Culture
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Religion
IslamismIt is a national religion. 85% of the residents believe in Islam, of which about 70% belong toSunni, 30%Shiite。[1]
National Day, February 25 (1950, the 11th generationEmirAscension Day);[1]
Liberation Day, February 26.
diet
Kuwait traditional food - roasted whole camel
Fish is an important food for Kuwaitis. Zubaid fish is the most popular among them and is considered to be one of the most delicious fish species in the world.In Kuwait, pictures of Zubaid fish are hung on the walls of many homes, and they are often proud of it.They like Chinese food very much.They regard Chinese food as the best food in the world.They are used to sitting on the ground and eating with their hands.Influenced by the outside world, many people also use tables and chairs.
Kuwaitis have the following characteristics in their eating habits:
① Pay attention to the beauty of color, smell and taste of dishes, and the high quality and small quantity of dishes.
② Generally, the taste is not too salty, but slightly sour and spicy.
⑧ Shuijiu likes to drink teablack teaorGreen Teaas well asCoffeeAnd other beverages, includingalcoholAll drinks of are prohibited.
⑨ Fruit likes litchiGrape, bananas, apples, oranges, oranges, etc;Dried fruit likes eatingWalnut kernel, raisins, almonds, etc.
military
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national defense
Kuwait Army
The compulsory military service system is implemented. The term of compulsory military service is two years (one year for college students) and the reserve service is 14 years.The total force of the current KLA is 23000.Emir is the supreme commander of the armed forces.[31]
Persian Gulf War
On August 2, 1990, 100000 Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait and occupied all of Kuwait within one day. Kuwaiti government officials such as Emir Jaber fled Kuwait.
On January 17, 1991, the multinational force led by the US military began to implement“Desert Storm”According to the plan, the process of "Multinational Force Recovering Kuwait" began.
On February 28, 1991, Kuwait City was completely under the control of the Arab forces, and the recovery of Kuwait by the multinational forces was basically completed. Therefore, the President of the United States issued an order of a temporary ceasefire at 8:00 local time that day,IraqFinally, we accepted UN Resolution 660 and withdrew our troops from Kuwait.The Gulf War is over.
Military scale
According to the Military Yearbook of the World 2009, there are about 2500 Kuwaiti air forces.129 aircraft, including 80 combat aircraft and 32 armed helicopters.
Attack/fighter aircraft: 39 FA-18 (31 F/A-18-C, 8 F/A-18-D), 14 F-1CK (F-lC)/F-1BK (F-lB) "Phantom".Anti riot and training aircraft: more than 16 "Tukano" and 11 "Hawke" MK64.Transporter: L-100-30 type 3DC-9Type 1.Helicopters: 4 AS-332 and 9 SA-330.Training/armed helicopters: 16 SA-342 helicopters.armed helicopter:AH-64Type D 16 racks.
The air defense force consists of 15 companies.
There are 23700 reservists.
The National Guard of the paramilitary force has 6600 people, including one armored battalion, one special battalion, three reserve battalions, and one police battalion. It is equipped with 20 armored reconnaissance vehicles and 92 armored transport vehicles.There are 500 coast guards equipped with more than 30 minesweeping boats/ships, 5 coast patrol boats and 3 general landing boats.
The military service system implements the compulsory military service system. The term of service of compulsory soldiers is two years (one year for college students), and the term of reserve service is 14 years.
On May 1, 2005, Kuwait's Foreign Minister Mohammed said that, according to the United Nations resolution, Kuwait had decided to send troops to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping operations in southern Sudan in order to maintain the security and stability of Sudan.Then,SudanThe government announced that Kuwait plans to send 100 to 150 soldiers to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping operation in Sudan in June.Foreign troops stationed in the United States, Britain and Germany stationed about 30000 troops in Kuwait.According to Kuwaiti media reports on December 21, 2005, the US military will return the Doha military camp in Kuwait to the Kuwaiti side.As of December 20, the US military had evacuated two-thirds of the personnel and equipment in this camp to Arif Camp, and the rest will be withdrawn in 2006.[5]
traffic
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KuwaitThe transportation industry is developed. There are expressways connecting provinces and cities across the country, and the number of private cars is large.There is no railway in the country. Kuwait International Airport, located in the capital, is the most important airport.The main ports are Shuweihe Port, Shuaiba Port, etc.[1][23]
Sociology
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education
Kuwait implements free education, and all primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools are four-year.There are 1489 schools of all kinds in China, including 822 public schools, 566 private schools, and the rest are adult education schools and special education schools.There are more than 680000 students and 86000 teachers.The education expenditure is about 12% of the government budget.[1]
media
Kuwait's news system is relatively open and free, and most newspapers and periodicals are private.There are 8 newspapers in China, including 5 Arabic newspapers: Public Opinion, Political News, Torch News, Motherland News and News News;3 English newspapers: Kuwait Times, Arab Times and Daily Star.There are three official news agencies: Kuwait News Agency, Kuwait Radio and Kuwait Television.Kuwait News Agency is a national news agency, which was founded in October 1956. Since 1980, it has published articles abroad in Arabic and English.Kuwait Radio was founded in 1951 and broadcasts in Arabic and English.Kuwait Television was established in December 1962 to broadcast Arabic and English programs.[1][19]
People's livelihood
We will implement a high welfare system, exempt individuals from income tax, enjoy free education and medical care, and provide subsidies for employment, price, rent and marriage.[1][21]
International Relations
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foreign policy
It pursues a moderate and balanced foreign policy and has established diplomatic relations with more than 120 countries.It is committed to safeguarding the unity of Arab countries and the coordination and cooperation among the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and attaches great importance to the balanced development of relations with major countries in the world.[1][17]
external relations
Relations with China
On March 22, 1971, China and Kuwait established diplomatic relations. Kuwait was the first Gulf Arab country to establish diplomatic relations with New China.Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, China Kuwait bilateral relations have developed steadily.In July 2018, President Xi Jinping and visiting Kuwaiti Emir Sabah jointly announced the establishment of a strategic partnership between China and Kuwait.
The two countries have close exchanges at all levels.In recent years, the main Chinese visitors to Kuwait are: Li Keqiang, Vice Premier of the State Council (December 2008), Zhang Gaoli, Vice Premier of the State Council (August 2017), Chen Zhu, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (May 2019), Yang Jiechi, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission (April 2018, February 2021), etc.In addition, President Xi Jinping met with Crown Prince Mishal of Kuwait during his attendance at the first China Arab Summit in December 2022.
The main visitors of the Kuwaiti side to China are: Emir Sabah (May 2009, July 2018), the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs Sabah (January 2014), Prime Minister Jaber (June 2014), the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Nasser (December 2018), the Foreign Minister and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs Ahmed (January 2022),Emir Mishal (came to China as Crown Prince in September 2023 to attend the opening ceremony of the 19th Hangzhou Asian Games), Foreign Minister Ye Haiya (came to China in May 2024 to attend the 10th ministerial meeting of the China Arab Cooperation Forum).
The economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has developed smoothly.In 2023, the bilateral trade volume between China and Kuwait will be 22.39 billion US dollars, including 5.22 billion US dollars of Chinese exports and 17.17 billion US dollars of imports.In the first half of 2024, the bilateral trade volume between China and Kuwait will be 8.038 billion US dollars, including 2.132 billion US dollars of Chinese exports and 5.907 billion US dollars of imports.China mainly exports mechanical and electrical products, high-tech products, textiles, etc., and mainly imports crude oil, petrochemical products, etc.
Kuwait is China's ninth largest source of crude oil imports.In 2023, China will import 24.5332 million tons of crude oil from Kuwait.In the first half of 2024, China will import 7.9203 million tons of crude oil from Kuwait.
In June 2014, China and Kuwait signed a memorandum of understanding on jointly building the "Belt and Road" between governments.
The people to people and cultural exchanges between the two countries are active.In September 2023, the Kuwait Chinese Cultural Center was put into trial operation, becoming the first Chinese cultural center in the Gulf region.[32]
In 1997, 27 PLZ45 155mm self-propelled howitzers were ordered from China.In 2016, the Western media Diplomat reported that China's newly developed AH-4 155mm ultra light howitzer had received orders from rich countries in the Middle East. The report speculated that the buyer was Kuwait, which had mastered China's self-propelled howitzer.The purchase of AH-4 155mm ultra light howitzer set a new record for the number of export orders of China's towed howitzers in the past two decades.[6]
Relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council
Kuwait maintains friendly and cooperative relations with all countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Strengthening solidarity and cooperation with all countries is the focus of Kuwait's foreign relations.Since its establishment in May 1981, Kuwait has played an active role in the organization. Its relations with other countries have been constantly strengthened and developed. The two sides have kept high-level exchanges, often exchanging views on issues of common concern, and solving existing problems in a timely manner.In November 1995, Emir Jaber visited Saudi Arabia and reached an agreement in principle with King Fahd of Saudi Arabia on bilateral land and sea boundaries.[7]
Relations with the United States
The relationship between the United States and the United States is very close, and high-level exchanges between the two sides are continuous.Before Kuwait's independence, the United States had a consulate in Kuwait.Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the United States in June 1961, bilateral relations have developed smoothly.After Kuwait was annexed by Iraq in August 1990, the United States led a multinational force to liberate Kuwait in February 1991.On September 19, 1991, Kuwait and the United States signed a 10-year security cooperation agreement. The United States became Kuwait's strategic ally and promised to protect Kuwait's national security.In October 1994, Iraq gathered troops on the Koi Iraq border, and the United States quickly sent troops to the Gulf, easing the tension on the Koi Iraq border.[7]
Relations with Europe and Japan
Western countries and Japan have maintained long-term cooperative relations with Kuwait.After Iraq annexed Kuwait in August 1990, the countries concerned joined the multinational force to liberate Kuwait and supported the independent liberation of Kuwait.
Kuwait has close relations with Britain, and leaders and government officials of the two countries exchange visits frequently.In February 1992, the two sides signed a 10-year Memorandum of Understanding on Security.Kuwait has a huge investment in Britain.
In the Gulf War, Japan paid 13 billion dollars in military expenditure for the multinational force and provided a large amount of loans for Kuwait's post-war reconstruction.Japan is Kuwait's main trading partner, the largest buyer of Kuwait's crude oil and petroleum products, and exports to Kuwaitan electric appliance、Mechanics、textileAnd other daily necessities, Kuwait is the fourth largest source of imports.The Emir of Kuwait visited Japan in March 2012.[7]
Relations with Russia
1963 andFormer Soviet UnionThe establishment of diplomatic relations is the first Gulf state to establish diplomatic relations with the former Soviet Union.After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Kuwait and Russia continued to maintain normal relations.[7]
Relations with Iraq
Historically, Kuwait wasOttoman EmpireBasraA subordinate county.On June 19, 1961, Kuwait declared independence from British colonial rule.However, there has always been a contradiction between Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq has always stressed that Kuwait is "a part of Iraq as a whole" and tried to merge it, which was opposed by Kuwait.In 1963, the revolution broke out again in IraqBaath PartyThe government recognized the independence of Kuwait, and the two governments signed the Iraq Kuwait border agreement, but there is still a 160 km long border between Kuwait and Iraq that has not been demarcated.
August 2, 1990[10]The Iraqi Saddam regime sent troops to invade Kuwait and declared Kuwait as its 19th province, which shocked the worldGulf crisis。January 17, 1991[11]The US led multinational force sent troops to Kuwait, and the Gulf War broke out.
In November 1994, Iraq officially recognized Kuwait's sovereignty and borders.
At the end of March 2002,BeirutAt the Arab Summit, Foreign Minister Iko held the first direct meeting between the two countries since the Gulf crisis.The Iraqi Foreign Minister announced that Iraq had reached an agreement and made it clear that Iraq would never invade Kuwait again.After the fall of Saddam regime, Kuwait not only supported the international community to lift economic sanctions against Iraq, but also actively participated in the post-war economic reconstruction of Iraq.However, Kuwait has repeatedly said that it will not send troops to Iraq.On June 28, 2002, the authorities of the coalition forces in Iraq formally handed over power to the Iraqi interim government, and the Kosovo government immediately announced the resumption of diplomatic relations with Iraq.[8]
Relations with Iran
On August 15, 2022,IranForeign Ministry spokesmanKananiHe said that Kuwait had re dispatched an ambassador to Iran after six years, and the bilateral relations were upgraded to the ambassadorial level[15]。
On January 31, 2024 local time, the Deputy Consul of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs David Beckdali said that Iran announced unilateral visa exemption for 28 countries including Kuwait[24-25]。
Relations with Lebanon
On the evening of June 21, 2024 local time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait issued a statement saying that, in view of the continuous development of the regional security situation, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait called on its citizens not to travel to Lebanon at present, and called on all citizens in Lebanon to leave as soon as possible.[29]
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Kuwait City
Kuwait City
Kuwait CityKuwait City is the capital of Kuwait. There are high-rise buildings with Islamic style everywhere in the city. It is most famous for the Sword Palace, Fatima Mosque, Parliament Building, News Building and Telegraph Building where the head of state works.
Kuwaitis are piousMuslimAfter Kuwait developed from a fisherman's town into a modern oil city, mosques have sprung up with skyscrapers.The largest temple is The Grand Mosque of Kuwait City, which is located in the center of the city. It was built in 1994 with exquisite and luxurious decoration and can accommodate 10000 people for worship. The attached women's worship hall can accommodate 1000 people.The dome of the main hall is 43 meters high, with 144 daylight windows, 72 columns and 21 gates. The exterior is decorated with marble and colored tiles and Arabic calligraphy scriptures. It has been built for six years.The two symmetrical minarets are 72 meters high, the tower body is inlaid with Syrian marble, and the top is covered with brass.The front, rear and left sides of the hall are courtyards.The courtyard is surrounded by spacious men's and women's clean rooms, lecture halls, conference halls, teaching areas and libraries; outside the wall of the temple is a parking lot.[9]
Baiyang Palace
Baiyang Palace
In the jujube grove 16 kilometers southeast of Kuwait City, there is a large white building complex, which is the Kuwait International Convention Center——Baiyang Palace。
The White Poplar Palace, which was completed in January 1987, covers an area of 500000 square meters, of which the building area is 140000 square meters. The rest is green jujube forests and large grasslands.Its main building is square, consisting of two floors above ground and one floor below ground.There is a 3000 square meter main and guest hall on the ground floor for receiving heads of state.A conference hall with 1200 seats can accommodate 500 artists at the same time on the large stage of the conference hall.The conference hall is equipped with automatic voting, simultaneous translation in six languages, closed-circuit television and other advanced electronic equipment.The news center, which consists of 41 studios and is equipped with the most advanced communication equipment, is connected to the main conference hall through closed-circuit television, providing convenience for news agencies and journalists from all countries to observe the conference at any time.
The buildings of Baiyang Palace also include six groups of guest rooms in 18 buildings. Each suite is equipped with luxury furniture and modern fire prevention, communication and other facilities.On the tenth day of its completion, the White Poplar Palace successfully received more than 40 heads of state or government who attended the Fifth Islamic Summit Conference.[9]
National Museum
The Kuwait National Museum, built in 1957, was severely damaged during Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait in 1990, and most of its precious exhibits were looted by Iraqi forces.After the end of the Gulf War in 1991, under the intervention of the United Nations, Iraq returned some looted Kuwaiti cultural relics.After renovation, the "Kuwait Folk Heritage" pavilion in the Kuwait National Museum has been reopened.The exhibits in the museum comprehensively introduce the ancient folk customs of Kuwait, as well as the work and life of Kuwaitis before the discovery of oil.
Kuwait Tower
Kuwait Tower
The Kuwait Water Tower is located at the seaside avenue, just one street away from the Amir Palace.It is ingeniously composed of three towers.The main tower is 187 meters high, with two giant spheres;The middle tower is 147 meters long, and there is also a sphere in the middle;The small tower is 113 meters long, which is a lighting tower.[9]
The viewing platform is 120 meters from the ground.Through the curved glass, you can overlook the famous Amir Palace, the Mariotte Ship Hotel by the sea, the blue Persian Gulf, the spectacular mosque dome, buildings of different styles, and the international airport where all kinds of aircraft take off and land.The viewing platform is a revolving hall, which rotates once every half an hour.
The round restaurant on the largest sphere of the main tower is more than 30 meters in diameter, with a banquet hall and an indoor garden.In the lower part of the round restaurant, there is a large water tank with a depth of 12 meters and a capacity of 1 million gallons of fresh water. The whole spherical building next to the middle tower is also a water tank, which stores 1 million gallons of water.These two huge water tanks meet the needs of residents in the capital of Kuwait.
Sass Hotel
Sass Hotel
Located on the coast of Kuwait CitySass HotelIt is the largest and most luxurious wooden boat hotel in the world and one of the landmark buildings in Kuwait.Kuwaiti residents live by fishing and grazing, so Kuwaitis like to decorate the city with sail shaped and boat shaped buildings.[9]
Kuwait Science and Technology Museum
Kuwait Science and Technology MuseumThe Kuwait Science and Technology Museum, located beside the Gulf Avenue in Kuwait, was founded in 1996, completed and opened to the public in 2000.Covering an area of 285000 square meters, the museum is the most modern science popularization center in the Gulf region, with a science popularization hall, an aquarium, a terrestrial biological museum, a panoramic film hall and entertainment services.[9]
