Planting is one of the main components of agriculture.A social production department that uses the living function of plants to obtain food, non-staple food, feed and industrial raw materials through artificial cultivation.Including the cultivation of various crops, trees, fruit trees, medicinal and ornamental plants.yesgrain crops、cash crop, vegetable cropsGreen manure crop, feed cropsforage grass, flowers and other horticultural crops.In China, it usually refers to the production of grain, cotton, oil, sugar, hemp, silk, tobacco, tea, fruit, medicine, miscellaneous and other crops.It also refers to agriculture in a narrow sense, also known as crop cultivation.It usually refers to the agricultural production department that cultivates crops to obtain plant products.In China, planting industry, together with forestry, animal husbandry, sideline industry and fishery, is agriculture in a broad sense.In foreign countries, planting industry is generally combined with animal husbandry, collectively referred to as agriculture.
Chinese name
planting
Foreign name
crop farming
Full name
Plant cultivation industry
Classification
Agriculture
Contains
Grain, cotton, oil, sugar, hemp, silk, etc
Distribution
Paddy fields are dominant in the south and dry fields are dominant in the north
Planting is the main part of agriculture, which is characterized by:
With land as the basic means of production, the biological function of crops is used to convert solar energy into chemical potential and agricultural products.
In essence, the planting industry takes land as an important means of production, uses green plants to synthesize organic matter from carbon dioxide, water and minerals in nature through photosynthesis, and converts solar energy into chemical energy and stores it in organic matter.It is the material source of all plant products as food, and also the material basis of human life activities.Planting is an important foundation of large-scale agriculture. It is not only the main source of food and means of livelihood for human survival, but also provides raw materials for light textile industry and food industry, and feed for animal husbandry and fishery.At the same time, the distribution and development of planting industry have a direct impact on various sectors of the national economy.China's planting industry has a long history,Chinese AgricultureThe proportion of crop production in China is relatively large, and its output value generally accounts for more than 50% of the total agricultural output value. Its stable development, especially the development of grain crop production, is of great significance to the development of animal husbandry, industry and the improvement of people's living standards, as well as to the development of China's national economy and the improvement of people's lives.
Correctly handling the relationship between planting industry and other industries and correctly determining the planting proportion of various crops within the planting industry are important conditions for rational land use and accelerating agricultural development.
distribution
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The planting industry is mainly distributed in the east of China, divided into the south and the north. The south is dominated by paddy fields, and the north is dominated by dry fields.
According to the conditions for developing planting industry, planting system, crop structure, production layout and commercialization degree, as well as the direction and measures for developing planting industry production, in accordance with the principle of similarity and interval difference within the region, and maintaining the integrity of certain administrative boundaries, China's crop planting industry region is divided into 10 first level regions and 31 second level regions.The first level areas are: Northeast soybean, spring wheat, corn and sugar beet areas;Small coarse cereals in the northern plateaubeetRegion;Huanghuai sponge, wheat, oil, tobacco and fruit areas;Rice, cotton, oil, mulberry and tea areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;Double cropping rice, teacitrusRegion;South China double cropping riceTropical crop, sugarcane area;Sichuan Shaanxi Basin rice, corn, potato, citrus, mulberry area;Yunnan Guizhou Plateau rice, corn and tobacco areas;Wheat, cotton, sugar beetGrapeRegion;Qinghai Tibet Plateau highland barley, wheat, sugar beet area.
development
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Planting comes fromNeolithic AgeThat is, the later period of primitive society.In the Paleolithic and Mesolithic Age, which lasted for about 2 million years, people had to rely on gathering and hunting for a living because of extremely low productivity.However, in the long-term collection process, people gradually learned about the living habits of some plants, learned cultivation techniques, and formed the original planting industry.Later, with the development of productivity, the planting industry has made continuous progress.This is mainly reflected in the increase of crop varieties, the increase of yield per unit area, the expansion of sown area, the increase of total yield, the improvement of product quality and so on.
status
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Planting occupies a special important position in the whole agriculture and is the foundation of the whole agriculture.Because only green plants can absorb from the atmospherecarbon dioxide, absorb inorganic salts and water from the soil, convert solar energy into organic energy through photosynthesis, and convert inorganic matter into organic matter.Livestock and poultry mainly feed on plant products, transforming plant energy into animal energy instead of inorganic matter into organic matter.Therefore, in addition to relying on natural pasture for grazing, animal husbandry is based on planting.In addition, to survive, people must take in a certain amount of sugar, fat, protein, vitamins and other nutrients every day.Since the transition of human society from the economy of collection and hunting to agriculture, these nutrients, whether from plant food or animal food, were originally from planting.Planting has always been the basis for the existence and development of human society.[1]
development
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Planting comes from newStone AgeThat is, the later period of primitive society.In the period of about 2 million yearsPaleolithic AgeIn the Middle Stone Age, due to the extremely low productivity, people could only live by collecting and hunting.However, in the long-term collection process, people gradually learned about the living habits of some plants, learned cultivation techniques, and formed the original planting industry.Later, with the development of productivity, the planting industry has made continuous progress.This is mainly reflected in the increase of crop varieties, the increase of yield per unit area, the expansion of sown area, the increase of total yield, the improvement of product quality and so on.
Development prospect analysis
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Analysis on the current situation of planting industry and the development prospect of corn seed industry
1) In the 1970s and 1990s, the yield per unit area increased significantly by more than 50%, but the area increased slightly. The increase of total yield was mainly due to the increase of yield per unit area, and the breeding and promotion of new varieties became the first factor to promote the increase of yield per unit area;
2) Since 2000, the growth rate of unit yield has declined, and the sown area has increased rapidly. Among the driving factors for the increase of total yield, the sown area occupies the main position.According to the research of relevant departments, the promotion and utilization of new maize varieties play a role of 40% in the total yield increase of maize.Under the background that the growth rate of corn planting area will generally slow down in the future, the continuous growth of corn yield will mainly depend on the improvement of yield per unit area brought about by the development of improved varieties.[1]
Statistics of sown area and yield of maize in China from 2003 to 2013
index
Corn output (10000 tons)
Corn sown area (thousand hectares)
2013
twenty-one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight point nine
thirty-five thousand six hundred and ninety
2012
twenty thousand five hundred and sixty-one point four one
thirty-five thousand and twenty-nine point eight two
2011
nineteen thousand two hundred and seventy-eight point one one
thirty-three thousand five hundred and forty-one point six seven
2010
seventeen thousand seven hundred and twenty-four point five one
thirty-two thousand and five hundred point one two
2009
sixteen thousand three hundred and ninety-seven point three six
thirty-one thousand one hundred and eighty-two point six four
2008
sixteen thousand five hundred and ninety-one point four
twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and sixty-three point seven one
2007
fifteen thousand two hundred and thirty point zero five
twenty-nine thousand four hundred and seventy-seven point five one
2006
fifteen thousand one hundred and sixty point three
twenty-eight thousand four hundred and sixty-two point nine eight
2005
thirteen thousand nine hundred and thirty-six point five four
twenty-six thousand three hundred and fifty-eight point three
2004
thirteen thousand and twenty-eight point seven one
twenty-five thousand four hundred and forty-five point six seven
2003
eleven thousand five hundred and eighty-three point zero two
twenty-four thousand and sixty-eight point one six
Grain seed industry
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Data of grain seed industry
China Industrial Information NetworkData shows that China's rice production in March 2015 was 10135797.76 tons, down 0.4% year on year.From January to March 2015, China's cumulative rice output was 27947396.01 tons, up 1.61% year on year.The national rice data in March 2015 is shown in the following table
Statistics of National Rice Output by Province and City from January to March 2015
region
March (ton)
Accumulated from January to March (ton)
Year on year growth in March (%)
Cumulative year-on-year growth from January to March (%)
Prominent problems in agricultural planting structure
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1. Unbalanced supply and demand of agricultural products
While the agricultural product market is unprecedentedly active, people's consumption of products has undergone structural changes, and people tend to adjust their consumption direction towards a well-off agricultural product structure.People are no longer satisfied with the category and quality of agricultural products, which leads to the difficulty of some products with lower levels and standards entering the market, and the contradiction between the supply and demand of products.
2. Weakening scientific and technological innovation capacity of agricultural planting industry
Affected by the traditional concept of rural self-sufficiency, the mechanization of agricultural management has not been improved.In addition, the land under management is relatively scattered and the scale is extremely limited, so the technological innovation in agricultural production and management is seriously hindered.In recent decades, many rural residents have been working, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient labor force to operate agricultural planting industry, resulting in the increasingly low quality of labor force.The development of institutions related to the planting industry is slow, and has not played any role in promoting farmers' income.Since China implemented the reform and opening up 30 years ago, the agricultural planting industry has developed at a higher speed than before, but there is still a big gap compared with the western developed countries.Not only is there a lack of core technology, but also the main technology and equipment can only be imported.
3. There are big hidden dangers in the quality and safety of agricultural products
In recent years, due to the massive use of pesticides rich in harmful chemical components in the cultivation process of crops, the potential safety hazards of agricultural products have greatly increased.In the production and processing of agricultural products, there are often pollutants from additives, heavy metals and other aspects, especially these drugs will affect human health after passing through the food chain.Under the premise that the public's awareness of health care and health preservation is constantly improving, food safety issues are also receiving increasing attention.To implement structural adjustment of the planting industry, we must pay attention to its food safety.
4. Agricultural industrystructureAdjustment of layout is not scientific enough
The hardware facilities of agricultural production are still relatively backward, and the irrigation technology of planting industry is also difficult to support production needs.Agricultural production is most vulnerable to changes in the natural environment, and crops have low resistance to bad weather.In addition, our adjustment to the planting industry is not scientific, and the production and processing of agricultural products are in a state of market-oriented independent operation.The current market mechanism is not perfect in many aspects, which leads to less wholesale markets, poor information communication and weak regulation.[2]
Implementation strategy of industrial structure adjustment of agricultural planting industry
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1. Promote ideological understanding and adapt to agricultural planting adjustment
The main body of agricultural management is farmers. How to sow and how to operate are all decided by farmers themselves.Farmers often consider many factors for the operation of planting industry, such as their own actual needs, economic reality, geographical environment and weather conditions.
2. Promote regional projects to adapt to agricultural planting structure adjustment
Agricultural industrial structureAlthough the adjustment is important, there are often prominent problems in the specific business process.If we can't make the business plan more scientific and reasonable, or farmers lack cooperation in management, the effect of agricultural management will be greatly reduced.Therefore, to adjust the structure of planting industry, we must first determine a scientific and reasonable business plan and formulate a practical business strategy.As a big agricultural country, the strategic position of agriculture in China is self-evident.
The execution force requires relevant budget units to prepare procurement related plans according to the budget preparation. If there is no certain budget preparation and plan, the government cannot carry out procurement. It is prohibited to force procurement without a budget in the past. Relevant budget units will submit procurement implementation plans to the financial department according to some regular budgets of government procurement,In this way, the financial department can timely control the implementation and future development of the budget unit's procurement, effectively supervise the budget department to do a good job in the procurement related declaration work, and the procurement plan will specify the quantity and specification of procurement and how to use funds,It can fully reflect the policy tendency of government procurement to save funds or purchase more in favor of social development and energy conservation.
Whether the government procurement budget reaches a certain standard in the whole process must be demonstrated based on the performance evaluation, which is aimed at improving the efficiency of budget revenue and expenditure.[2]
national policy
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On December 29, 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs prepared and issued the 14th Five Year National Planting Development Plan.[3]
