Shinto

Roads in front of temples, temples, tombs, memorial tablets and other places of worship

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Shinto is the way to the dead. Shinto is also known as Tiandao and Sima Dao《 I Ching 》"The grand view is on top, followed by Xun, and the central view is to view the world. To view the world, you should wash your hands and not recommend it. There is Fu Tingruo, and the lower view is to transform it. To view the divine way of heaven, you should not be special at all times, and the sages should enchant And the world is satisfied ". Since the Han Dynasty, Shinto also refers to "opening a way in front of the tomb and building stone columns as a mark". as Ming Xiaoling Shinto 。

Chinese name: Shinto
Foreign name: Sacred Way
Alias: Sima Dao

Meaning: The Way to the Dead
Origin: Book of the Han Dynasty - Biography of Huo Guang^[1]
Nature: Open a path in front of the tomb and build stone columns as a mark

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《 The History of the Han Dynasty ·Biography of Huo Guang:“ Too madam When the light was changed, it was made by itself and extravagant. Rise three times out of the palace and build a Shinto Way. " 《 Later Han Dynasty ·Zhongshan Jian Wang Liu Yan Biography: "Dawei built tombs, opened Shinto, and leveled thousands of graves of barbarian officials." homme Note: "When a road is opened in front of the tomb and a stone pillar is built as a mark, it is called Shinto."

Like the "ghost way", the Han Dynasty also interpreted the "way" in Shinto as a way, and believed that "Shinto" was the way to God. God on this occasion means ghosts and gods; Because ghosts and gods also include the souls of the dead, Shinto is the way to the dead, which means tomb path. It was after the Han Dynasty that Shinto was used as a tomb passage. The Shinto of Huo Qubing, the general of the Han Dynasty, is the earliest found Shinto. Stone man and stone beast are placed on both sides of the Shinto, symbolizing the emperor's ceremonial guard. The tomb table erected on the tomb path is also called Shinto Table or Shinto Stele. the Ming dynasty Chen Jiru 《 Dasima Jie Huan Yuan Gong（ Yuan Keli ）Family Temple Record: "The family has its own shape, the tomb has its own inscription, the Shinto has its own stele, and it is said that there are eulogy, eulogy, praise, and tomb shrine, but it is still not there."^[1]

Main Shinto

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The Main Shinto of Ming Tombs in Beijing in the Early 20th Century

Main Shinto Path: The main Shinto Path in ancient imperial mausoleums in China is common, like the trunk of a tree, while the auxiliary Shinto Path to each mausoleum is like a branch. The main Shinto built by the emperor who built the mausoleum first usually goes directly to his mausoleum, and later emperors extend the auxiliary Shinto in other directions on the basis of the main Shinto to their respective mausoleums. Ming Dynasty Tombs It is a typical layout of imperial mausoleums. Its ancestral mausoleum is the Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty who ascended the throne in Beijing Zhu Di And Empress Renxiao Xu's joint burial Changling 。 Seven kilometers from the Dahongmen to Changling is the main Shinto.

Shinto Monument

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Shinto Monument

Shinto Monument: "A stele in front of the tomb, which has not been raised in detail. Press《 etiquette 》"There is a stele in the temple, so it is a beast of burden and looks at the sun."《 The Book of Rites 》"The public office looks at the monument, and the three houses look at the Huanying." The monument Huanying is the pillar of the coffin when the emperor and the princes are buried. There are holes on it, and the coffin is hung down, and the safety review is taken, and the matter is closed because of everything. The officials or the written monarch and father made a great contribution to the stele, and then set it up at the tunnel entrance, so it is called the "Shinto stele", which means the way of the gods. There are often holes on the modern and ancient steles, which are the remains of Guan Suo. There were few steles in the former Han Dynasty, but most of the disciples of Cai Yong and Cui Yuan in the later Han Dynasty set up steles for people. After the Wei and Jin dynasties, their sleep was flourishing. "

Stone elephant

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The most famous stone elephant - "Horse Stepping on the Huns"

Stone beasts on both sides of the Shinto in front of the tomb (i.e Stone elephant ）There is also a reason. Stone beasts were placed in front of the tomb from the Han Dynasty The tomb of Huo Qubing Started. Huo Qubing was a famous young military strategist in the Han Dynasty. His 18 year old attendant Martial Emperor Left and right, good at riding and shooting. At the age of 20, he led soldiers twice Hexi Corridor Defeat the Huns and make outstanding achievements. He died at the age of 24. In order to commend this general, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Maoling The tomb of Huo Qubing was built in the east, symbolizing the form Qilian Mountains To commemorate his achievements in the Hexi Corridor. Referring to the natural stone animals in the Qilian Mountains, the masons carved vivid stone carvings in front of Huo Qubing's tomb, such as the leaping horse, the crouching horse, the crouching tiger, the crouching elephant, the piglet, the stone fish, people and bears, and beasts eating sheep. The most famous one is“ Horse Stepping on the Huns "It summarizes the great achievements of Huo Qubing in his short life in fighting against the Huns. This group of stone carvings is the first large-scale stone carvings in front of ancient tombs in China. Later emperors of all dynasties also used the decoration of stone men and stone animals in front of their tombs, so Tang Tombs 、 Song Tombs 、 the Ming Tombs 、 Qing Tombs Almost all of them display the stone man and stone beast in front of the mausoleum.

Weng Zhong

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Weng Zhong

The stone man in front of the mausoleum is also called Weng Zhong The reason is that there was a strongman named Ruan Wengzhong It is said that he is ten feet and three feet long, different from ordinary people and powerful. Once stationed Lintao , merited in conquering the Huns. After Ruan Wengzhong's death, First Emperor of Qin In memory of him, a specially made bronze statue of Wengzhong stands at Xianyang Palace Sima Men Outside. It is said that when the Huns came to Xianyang and saw the Bronze Man, they thought they were alive Ruan Wengzhong. Since then, people have called the bronze and stone figures in front of the palace or mausoleum Wengzhong.

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