Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

inorganic compound

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This entry is made by China Science and Technology Information Magazine Participate in editing and review Science Popularization China · Science Encyclopedia authentication.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, also known as acid sodium phosphate, chemical formula is NaH two PO four , an inorganic acid salt, is easily soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol.

Chinese name: Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Foreign name: Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Alias: Acid sodium phosphate 、 Monosodium phosphate
chemical formula: NaH two PO four
molecular weight: one hundred and nineteen point nine five nine
CAS login number: 7558-80-7
EINECS login number: 231-449-2^[1]

Melting point: 60 ℃
Boiling point: 100 ℃
Water solubility: Soluble
Density: 1.40 g/cm³
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Security description: S26；S36
Hazard symbol: R36/37/38
Hazard description: Xi

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Related information

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Chinese alias: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (anhydrous); Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, anhydrous; Monosodium phosphate; Anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous; MSP

English name: Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate; Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate Anhydrous

English alias: Sodium phosphate monobasic dihydroate, Acid sodium phosphate，Monosodium orthophosphate，Primary sodium phosphate，Sodium dihydrogen phosphate，Sodium biphosphate，

Monosodium phosphate，MSP

CAS No.: 7558-80-7

Physical and chemical properties

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Melting point: 60 ℃

Boiling point: 100 ℃

Density: 1.40g/cm three

Appearance: white crystalline powder

Solubility: soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol^[1]

Calculate chemical data

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Reference value for drainage parameter calculation (XlogP): None

Number of hydrogen bond donors: 2

Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 4

Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0

Number of tautomers: 0

Topological molecular polar surface area: 80.6

Number of heavy atoms: 6

Surface charge: 0

Complexity: 61.9

Number of isotope atoms: 0

Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0

Number of uncertain atomic structure centers: 0

Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0

Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0

Number of covalent bond units: 2^[1]

purpose

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Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is the raw material for manufacturing sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate. It is mainly used in tanning and boiler water treatment, as a quality improver and baking powder, as a buffer and fermentation powder raw material in the food industry and fermentation industry, as well as as feed additives, detergents and dyeing aids.

Pharmacology and toxicology

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Phosphorus in human body exists in both organic and inorganic forms. The blood phosphorus measured clinically is inorganic phosphorus in blood, and the latter is mostly free phosphorus, only 12% of which is bound to plasma protein. The blood phosphorus concentration of normal adults is 0.87~1.45mmol/L, and that of children is 1.45~1.78mmol/L. Some reasons lead to a decrease in phosphorus intake or an increase in phosphorus demand, which can lead to hypophosphatemia and corresponding clinical manifestations. At this time, phosphorus supplementation is necessary. There is a close relationship between blood phosphorus and blood calcium concentration. Normally, the product of the two is maintained in a certain range. When the blood calcium concentration increases, phosphate can reduce the blood calcium concentration.

Pharmacokinetics

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The oral absorption rate of phosphorus is about 70%, and the absorption site is mainly in the jejunum. Vitamin D can increase the absorption of phosphorus. When a large amount of calcium or aluminum is eaten at the same time, the phosphorus absorption is affected due to the formation of insoluble salts. 90% of phosphorus is excreted by kidney and 10% by feces.

indication

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(1) It is used for the prevention and treatment of hypophosphatemia. It is also used as a phosphorus additive in total intravenous hypernutrition therapy to prevent hypophosphatemia.

(2) As an auxiliary drug for urinary tract infection, this drug can acidify the urine, thus enhancing the antibacterial activity of urotropine amygdalate and urotropine hippurate, and can eliminate the smell and turbidity of urine containing ammonia during urinary tract infection.

(3) Prevention of renal calculi containing calcium. This medicine can acidify the urine, increase the solubility of calcium, prevent calcium deposition in the urine, and thus prevent the recurrence of calcium containing kidney stones.

(4) Treatment of hypercalcemia. In recent years, this drug has not been commonly used to treat hypercalcemia, but other more safe and effective methods.

Usage and dosage

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When taking this medicine, take it immediately after meals or at the same time during meals to reduce gastrointestinal reactions. It should be completely dissolved in water before taking this medicine.

(1) Hypophosphatemia takes the sodium phosphate solution equivalent to 250mg (8mmol) phosphorus orally, four times a day; When treating vitamin D rickets, the dosage can be added to 500mg (16mmol) of phosphorus each time. In order to prevent heterotopic calcification, phosphorus supplementation should be stopped when serum phosphorus is greater than 1.5mmol/L (4.5mg/dL). To alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms, the liquid medicine can be diluted in half a cup of water and taken after a meal.

(2) Generally, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium phosphate mixture are used to acidify urine and prevent recurrence of urinary calculi, with the ratio of about 2:1. Dilute 1g phosphate into a glass of water, and take it after meals and before sleep, 4 times a day. If the above dosage is applied and the urine volume does not reach satisfactory acidification, 1g phosphate can be used every 2 hours, and no more than 8g phosphate can be used for 24 hours.

Adverse reactions

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(1) When taken orally, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased stool frequency or diarrhea may occur.

(2) Hypernatremia is characterized by thirst, increased heart rate, decreased urine output, headache, dizziness and mental changes.

(3) Hyperkalemia is characterized by arrhythmia, numbness or tingling of lips and mouth, and weakness of limbs.

(4) Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia: numbness of hands and feet, tetany, muscle spasm, dyspnea, etc.

(5) Water sodium retention: edema, weight gain, etc.

contraindication

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Hyperphosphatemia and renal calculi refer to the magnesium salt containing ammonium phosphate stone caused by infection, serious renal function damage, and endogenous creatinine clearance rate less than 30% of normal.

matters needing attention

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(1) Hyperphosphatemia may occur, such as hypoparathyroidism and chronic kidney disease.

(2) Hypocalcemia may occur, such as hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, acute pancreatitis, and chronic kidney disease.

(3) Edematous diseases: such as congestive heart failure, acute pulmonary edema, severe liver disease, hypertension, hypernatremia, renal function damage, pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome, should be used with caution.

(4) Check renal function, blood phosphorus, calcium, sodium and potassium ions according to clinical needs.

Interaction

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(1) Taking calcium salt, aluminum hydroxide or magnesium oxide at the same time can reduce phosphorus absorption.

(2) Combined with adrenocortical hormone, especially mineralocorticoid, adrenocorticotropic hormone, androgen, etc., can increase water and sodium retention.

(3) Vitamin D can increase the absorption of oral phosphorus, which is prone to hyperphosphatemia when used together.

First aid measures

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Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothes and wash with plenty of flowing water.

Eye contact: Lift the eyelid and flush with flowing water or physiological saline. Get medical attention.

Inhalation: quickly leave the site to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Get medical attention.

Ingestion: drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. Get medical attention.

Fire fighting measures

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Hazard characteristics: it cannot burn itself. High toxic smoke will be released in case of high thermal decomposition.

Hazardous combustion products: phosphorus oxide, phosphine.

Extinguishing method: firefighters must wear full body fire and gas protective clothing and extinguish the fire upwind. When putting out a fire, try to move the container from the fire site to an open place. Then select appropriate extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire according to the cause of fire.

Handling and storage

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Operation precautions: closed operation, local exhaust. Prevent dust from releasing into the workshop air. Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter type dust mask, chemical safety goggles, anti poison penetration work clothes and rubber gloves. Avoid dust generation. Avoid contact with acids. Provide leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may leave harmful substances.

Precautions for storage: store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. Packing and sealing. It should be stored separately from acids and should not be mixed. The storage area shall be equipped with appropriate materials to contain leakage.

Pharmacopoeia information

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acidity

Take 2.0g of the product, add 40mL of water to dissolve it, and then measure according to the law. The pH value should be 4.1~4.5.

chloride

Take 0.50g of this product and check it according to the law. Compared with the control solution made of 5.0mL of standard sodium chloride solution, it should not be more concentrated (0.01%).

sulfate

Take 1.0g of this product and check it according to the law. Compared with the control solution made of 5.0mL of standard potassium sulfate solution, it should not be more concentrated (0.05%).

Loss on drying

Take the product, dry it for 2 hours at 60 ℃, then dry it at 105 ℃ to constant weight, and the weight loss should be 10.0%~15.0%.

Aluminium salt

Take 0.50g of this product, add some water to dissolve it, add 5mL of acetic acid ammonium acetate buffer solution (pH=4.5), then add water to 25mL, add 1mL of 0.1% aluminum reagent solution, shake it up, if it turns red, mix it with the standard aluminum solution [accurately weigh aluminum potassium sulfate [AlK (SO four ) two ·12H two O] 1.76g ， Put into a 1000mL volumetric flask, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve and dilute to the scale, and shake up; Before use, precisely measure 10mL, place it in a 100mL measuring bottle, add water to dilute it to the scale, shake it up, and compare the control solution made of 10mL of Al] 5.0mL, which is equivalent to 10 μ g of Al, and it shall not be deeper (0.01%).

Calcium salt

Take 0.50g of this product, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve it, add 1mL of ammonium oxalate test solution, place it for 1 minute, add 2mL of dilute acetic acid and 5mL of ethanol, then add water to 25mL, shake it up, if it appears turbid, mix it with standard calcium solution [precisely weigh 0.125g of calcium carbonate dried at 105 ℃ to constant weight, place it in a 500mL volumetric flask, add 5mL of water and 0.5mL of hydrochloric acid mixture to dissolve it, dilute it with water to the scale, shake it up; Before use, precisely measure 10mL, put it into a 100mL measuring bottle, add water to dilute it to the scale, shake it up, and compare the control solution made of 10mL is equivalent to 10 μ g Ca] 5.0mL, it should not be thicker (0.01%).

heavy metal

Take 1.0g of the product, add 20mL of water to dissolve it, add 2mL of acetate buffer (pH=3.5) and appropriate amount of water to make it 25mL, and check according to the law, the content of heavy metals should not exceed 10% per million.

Arsenite

Take 0.4g of the product, add 23mL of water to dissolve it, add 5mL of hydrochloric acid, and check according to the law, it should meet the requirements (0.0005%).

Assay

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Take about 2.5g of the product, precisely weigh it, add 10mL of water to dissolve it, add 20mL of saturated sodium chloride solution and 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and titrate it with sodium hydroxide titrant (1mol/L). Every 1mL of sodium hydroxide titrant (1mol/L) is equivalent to 120.0mg of NaH two PO four 。