Yoshizaki Shin(July 17, 1931 - December 29, 2022), male,PostmodernismArchitecture designer.Designed a series of large buildings, such asTsukubaMunicipal Center(1979~1983), JapanHyogo Nishiwaki Graphic Design Museum (1986)Brooklyn Museum, New York(1986) andLos AngelesMuseum of Contemporary Art("MOCA", 1989), etc., mostly integrating rationalModernismThe structure, elegant classical layout and decoration, as well as oriental exquisite components and decorative features, are considered asAsiaAn important representative of architectural designers.
Yoshizaki Shin, the world famousJapanese architects, born in Japan on July 17, 1931Big BranchGraduated from the Engineering Department of the University of Tokyo in 1954Department of Architecture。He continued to study and work under the leadership of Kenzo Tanshita. In 1961, he completed the doctoral program in architecture at the University of Tokyo. Until 1963, he founded his own new design studio, which included his creative stage in the 10-year cooperation with Kenzo TanshitaTakamatsuOfXiangchuan County HallThe design work (1955-1958), the design of the Parliament Building in Jinye (1957-1960), and participated in the planning of Tokyo (1960).After that, Yoshizaki continued to be employed by Yoshita Kenzo, for example, to participate inYugoslaviaSkopjeReconstruction plan (1963-1966) andOsaka World Expo 1970, JapanPerformance buildings in the central square (1966-1970), etcDesign engineering。In the 1960s, although Iwasaki refused to recognizeMetabolic schoolIf there is any direct relationship between the principle of metabolism and metabolism, it is still considered to be consistent with metabolism.In the 1970s, Yoshizaki turned more and moreHistoricism, which led him to accept Giulio Romano (1499-1546)Andrea PalladioEtienne-Louis Boulle）, Claude Nicolas Ledoux andKarl Friedrich Schinkel The main idea of architectural art of others.
Yoshizaki Shin
Since about 1960, his first period of Mannerism, the new architecture of Iwasaki has adopted an excessive emphasis on levelreinforced concreteThe technique of component expressiveness is not unlike the style of Danxia Kenzo, but strengthens the design positioning and improves the criteria with higher standards.stay1970 Osaka World ExpoThe performance project at the central square in Shanghai announced the beginning of a new stage of mannerism with the same degree.At this stage, his works show a stronger trend towards Europe andAmerican modelAnd is marked by a highly abstract layout, which uses theCubeOr curved halfcylinderForm additional structures.
The new style came into being when he boldly broke away from the rationalism principle of modern architecture. He tried to replace various principles of modern architecture with comprehensive aesthetics, which requires abandoning orthodoxymodernThe dogma of.His architecture emphasizes decentralization, disharmony, separation of supports, and the arrangement based on the widely used components related to metaphor.Belonging to these towering three-dimensional combinationsGunma CountyTakasakiOfMuseum of Modern Art(1971-1974), the Urban Art Museum in Kitakyushu (1972-1974) and Shukosha Office Building in Fukuoka (1974-1975).halfCylinderThe striking examples of the vault type are the Fuji Local Club in Dafen (1972-1974) and the Central Library in Kitakyushu (1973-1974).
This historical change was more significant in the 1980s, and was accompanied by the extension of a more strict form of classicism in design, such asTsukubaTsukuba Center Building (1979-1982) and the art tower in Mito, Ibaragi (1986-1990).When Yoshizaki absorbed different western ideas, he showed a superb technical superiority.This advantage was achieved in Barcelona in 1992Olympic GamesSant Jordi Stadium (1983-1992) and Palafalls Stadium (1987-1990) became the guiding theme when planning.
Spanish Coruna Museum of Human Sciences
along withLos AngelesMuseum of Contemporary ArtWith the establishment of Museum of Contemporary Arts in Los Angeles (1981-1986), Yoshizaki reabsorbed the quieter theme of the headquarters building of Fukuoka Mutual Bank in Fukuoka (1968-1971)HollywoodSome components of the design.In the 1990s, a new style ofNew combinationThe postponement of was about reflected in the project of Dafen's new square city hall library (1991-1994), where he attracted Sir J. Souness（Sir JohnSoanes), and also in the design of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Nagi (1991-1994).
Since the 1960s, Yoshizaki Shin has played a role as an intermediary for spreading new ideas from Europe to Japan - both through his influential written manuscripts and through examples of his architectural works[2]。 Works include: art museums, art museumsopera house、observatory, office buildings and residential areas.He has designed a large number of famous works, especially the Disney headquarters building in Florida, the United States, and Japankyoto concert hall GermanyMunichModern Art Museum, Nara Centennial Museum in Japan, Laguminian Museum of Human Sciences in Spain, Ohio 21st Century Science Museum in the United StatesFlorence, ItalyFashion Memorial, JapanA herd of horsesObservatory, ChinaGrand TheatreThe scheme competition is the most famous.
On December 29, 2022, Yoshizaki died at the age of 91.[5]
Interesting things in life
AndIssey MiyakeAs a neighbor and good friend, Miyake designed clothes for Iwasaki Shin.Issey Miyake is famous in JapanFashion Designer。Yoshizaki often wears clothes designed by Miyake Shisei for important occasions.It can be seen that they are very good friends.
Anti architectural history
Yoshizaki Shin
In his new 40 year architectural career, there are many models and design works "not built", and the popularity of these works is higher than those that have been built.In Yoshizaki's view“Anti architectural historyIt's the real thingHistory of architecture。The building hasTimeliness, it will last for a long timeIdeological space, becoming an architectural history that melts the time boundary.Reading this history of architecture, we can have a deeper understanding of the corresponding relationship between architecture and society, and it is also a useful reference for understanding the real architecture.So I want to understand Yoshizaki,FirstUnderstand those "unfinished" works.
In Yoshizaki's early works, many of them are the combination of bulky blocks composed of large concrete walls, showing a sense of heaviness penetrating into the ground. For example, his early completion of the "Air City" No. 1 scheme, which superimposed, interlaced and inserted the spiral office bridge and the core of the column in the ruins of a Greek Doric style temple,Yoshizaki clearly explained his intention in the tone of the poet Marinetti: "Ruins (broken walls) are a state of the city, and the future city itself will become a pile of ruins one day." In fact, Yoshizaki just borrowedMannerismIn this sense, the metaphor of "ruins" impliesSense of instabilityandMaterial worldThe metaphor of ruins has two meanings: first, it is closely related to psychological anxiety and insecurity;Secondly, it symbolizes the loss of integrity, integrity andBalance。Ruins are an incomplete fragment exposed in the universe. Yoshizaki's real purpose is to induce people to think about the ancient times, so as to improve themselves and restore the perfect state. At the same time, he also uses pictures to show the reconstruction process of a city:expresswayThe core of the city was placed in several GreeceParthenonIn this seemingly aimless and strange world, progress and death coexist very naturally, pointing to an inconceivable and enigmatic prospect, which puts the viewer in a tragic atmosphere.
Gunma Observatory
In his big scoreCounty Library、FukuokaMutual Bank Headquarters, Kitakyushu Art Museum, Dafen County MedicinehallAnd so onBuilding componentsThe form of giant skeleton beam is full of the solemn and stirring characteristics of monument type, among which the Dafen County Library is the most clear and unambiguous form of pure beam type giant skeleton. The library forms a public axis by the tall entrance hall corridor, and on both sides of the hall corridor are compound walls that form a circular areaProjection roomAnd the office are arranged under the beam on both sides of the public axis of the entrance hall corridor. One end of the beam is supported by the longitudinal axial wall, and the other end is elevated on the square column. The top of the column is notColumn capDecoration, the roof of the space on both sides of the public axis is composed of two square beams of different sizes, and the larger square beams are along the lengthAxis directionIt is laid flat, separated by a small square beam, and the underside of two groups of crossbeams is hollowed out. The two inverted "U" shapes overlap and merge to form the overall ladder shape of the roof. The powerful sculpture form and the rough concrete surface all show full wildness and majesty. Here, Jiqi uses the purest and standard Japanese architectural language of the primitive shrine,Create a "pure" architecture, thus forming a kind of expression of Japan andWestern ArchitectureBuildings with traditional stress relationshipDialectics。
In Yoshizaki's architecture, he especially preferred to use the double wall structure to create darkness.Darkness is one of the common metaphors in his early works. In addition to expressing his inner feelings, Yoshizaki deals with darkness.He also uses his own profound experience to guide the viewer into the building to find a certain feeling, which is often buried in the deep heart of human beings and is not often triggered. According to Hiroshi Ishii's explanation, "darkness is a common thing in traditional Japanese style housing".It reminds people of Chinese traditionFolk houseIn the dark scene in the middle, the air around you shows an unreal thickness, and slowly squeezes towards you. It is dull and firm, making you feel secure.
Yoshizaki's new work: Nara Centennial Hall
In view of the practice of striving for light and space as much as possible in modern architecture, Yoshizaki launched his own "dark space" or "empty space", pursuing a beautiful artistic conception that can not be expressed in modern architecture, which shows his anti modernist view. Yoshizaki's so-called "darkness" does not simply mean the kind of space that cannot be penetrated by external light, but is difficult to understand in his architectureIn terms of mysterious aspects and his personal ideas, Yoshizaki is very sensitive to certain feelings in the heart of human beings, but it is difficult to achieve the goal by expressing these feelings with ordinary architectural techniques, and only by describing them in poetic language and understanding them with heart.At the same time, in his early works, Yoshizaki often reflects invisible pressure. Even so, sometimes there is a bit of humor - Yoshizaki's satire on the real society, an anti modern joke, which is a kind of quiet laughter that comes from sudden understanding after pondering over the heavy and oppressive.After reading and understanding his architecture, if you can understand his intentions, you will surely laugh heartily at his success in satirizing modernism.
In Yoshizaki's architecture, there is often an illusion world. In this dematerialized world, it is difficult for people to really grasp themselves. Everywhere is full of contradictions, instability, and an ethereal atmosphere. In this world, no tangible matter is composed according to its own needs, all to create a certain illusion or plotThe boundary between truth and falsehood, formed by the purpose of creating a certain psychological feeling, has disappeared, making people have a sense of their ownDistrustIt increases the feeling of individual leaving the real world to enter the illusion, which can be felt from the design of Gunma Art Museum, Touqiao House Building and other buildings of Yoshizaki. Yoshizaki is asking through his works: Is it the spiritual world or the material world he lives in,Which is more important. Yoshizaki often uses white materials and mirrors to create a maze like space - a layer of mist composed of ambiguous images shrouded in the junction of truth and falsehood, making various forms more flexible, easier to cooperate with each other, and have a broader interaction surface, in order to maintain the integrity of the form in diversity and change.
Nara Conference Hall, 1999
Some of his works are characterized by the vault, which is very soft, passive andFeminizationIt seems that they have been deprived of their own will and can only bow to external forces. For example, Fuji Country Club, Kitakyushu Central Library and Dafen County Audiovisual Center, at first glance, the curved shape of those soft vaults that are as soft as bones and can be bent at will gives people a sense of ease, forming a quietLeisure space atmosphere. After 1978, the idea of Yoshizaki's vault developed into a cross form, and on this basis, it evolved into a more complex form. Yoshizaki's systematic exploration of the vault structure form in the design scheme of the Women's College marks hisExpressive techniqueMove towards maturity.
Understanding of Japan and the West
Instead of pursuing the "Japanese flavor" of his works by means of folklore, Yoshizaki opposed both Western and Japanese schemata and tried to create an architectural dialectic that showed the stress relationship between Japanese and Western architectural traditions. His architecture was both Western and Japanese, and Yoshizaki once described his career as "an eternal intermediary",It also refers to what he created between the East and the WestBridge action, he putdualism(i.e. Japanese and Western emotions, logical ways and various themes) as a way of finding his own characteristics. In addition, he treats architecture as a poem, and uses his extremely Japanese "language" to express his personal feelings - something that seems nihilistic, can only be understood but cannot be explained, thus causing those who are similar to himCultural traditionPeople's sympathy and appreciation.
Understanding of individuals and society
Yoshizaki's new works
Yoshizaki said, "At least, in my mind, the architect must have the minimumBasic conditionsYes: "| He must have an architectural concept that is representative of himself and unique to him - this concept can be applied to the wholesocial phenomenon(including logic theoryPlanning and design, reality and unreality... all kinds of phenomena). "It can be seen that the architect he pursuesintrinsic value——Having an independent "individual" concept is not irresponsible to society“Individualism”On the contrary, standing on the most favorable observation point he had been looking for, he was able to broaden his vision, coupled with his keen insight and extremely strongexpressiveness, making him always walksocial needs In front of, people are strongly attracted by works full of passion and interest.
There are many interference factors between the performance of the architect's meditation and repeated conception in creation and the reality of his creation results, that is, in all behaviors, architecture is a roundabout and most laborious performance process. Before the final implementation of an architectural plan is completed, it must haveSocial recognitionOfpreconditionFor Yoshizaki, he works in his hometown under the request and sponsorship of some friends who appreciate his talent. He is a native "local architect". He can "design his favorite buildings in his hometown and only play with support." His works do not necessarily need to be recognized by the whole society, because they are pure“Organic building”It is difficult to understand without local historical materials and ideas
Knowledge of performance and reason
Shanghai Himalayan Art Center newly designed by Yoshizaki
Yoshizaki's architecture is closely related to mannerism. He broke away from the constraints of the classical composition principle of modernism, which is "harmony, balance, integrity and unity", and sought new aesthetic mechanisms in the inverse forms of "pluralism, confusion, fragments, exaggeration, deformation, inversion";He opposed the rigid dogma that "function determines form", and opened up a new world of freer, bolder and circumstantial ideas "from form to form" and "style for style";He broke through the static and eternal modernismPhysical entityMechanicalPhysical beautyThe pursuit of ambiguities, fuzziness, uncertainty, speculation, association and other effects of the atmosphere of spiritual enjoyment and aesthetic emotional patternLogicalityIt is extremely strong and well grounded. Yoshizaki is not simply and deliberately against "modernism". His architecture is based on the dialectical response of modern architecture. This stems from his profound understanding of modern architecture. His handling techniques in architecture are rich and ingenious, but he does not play with techniques,Instead, they express their feelings in an orderly manner after careful consideration[4]。
Character comments
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"Yoshizaki Shin is an architect who represents the characteristics of the late 20th century";
Yoshizaki's new works
"OnModernismAfter shaking,PostmodernismSince the beginning of the rise in 1960, Yoshizaki has been in the leading position ";
"His works reflect the hope and contradiction of modern life";
"He can well revolve in the vortex of innovation and tradition".
anecdote
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Outside Shenzhen Concert Hall
Yoshizaki: "The future city is a pile of ruins."
"I come from the countryside, and I feel alienated from Tokyo."
Yoshizaki Shinhokisho kurokawa 、Tadao Ando And called JapanArchitectureThree heroes are internationally regarded as masters who have influenced the history and reality of world architecture.
Yoshizaki described himself as "a free man".
Inside Shenzhen Concert Hall
"Even if I live in Tokyo, I still feel that Tokyo is not my own place. I don't want to own any land or real estate. A book called" Home of Architects "contains many houses designed by architects all over the world. The only thing I can provide isQingjingzeA cottage in the city.Because the rest are rented, and they didn't do any renovation. ""Before I was 60 years old, I had done a lot of construction work and won many awards. After I was 60 years old, I thought that I would become a very free person." Yoshizaki refused to purchase real estate, pursue power, accept honorary positions, or serve as a university professor.
Tokyo is where Yoshizaki started his career.From the age of 18, when he left his hometown for the exam and set foot in Tokyo, Yoshizaki brought his hometownKyushuDafen CountyIt is compared to a "mother", and Tokyo is compared to a "father" who has been fighting after being sensible.When Tokyo becomes more and more huge and incomprehensible, the feeling of confrontation turns into hostility.In 1960, he learned from a master architectThe best man is the thirdYoshizaki has created a plan to "destroy Tokyo", from which he can enjoy the pleasure of destruction.
But this destruction only exists in his mind."The results all ended in my frustration, and none of them could be realized." These failed plans were included inUnfinished/Anti architectural HistoryMedium.
Shenzhen Concert Hall Interior 2
"The city of the future is a pile of ruins." This is the fierce declaration of Yoshizaki.
"All human rational ideas and theoretical planning will eventually be overthrown due to human irrational, impulsive emotions and ideas."high-densityCrowds in urban space, hell paintings, late shogunateUkiyoe, diedAtomic bombExploded corpses, hungry ghosts, monsters, etc., these fragmentary images are printed onDisplay BoardThe projector is projected onto the screen, bringing the audience in the exhibition hall to the illusory space where resentment gathers.
stayGuangdong Art MuseumAt the exhibition site, the work named "Electrical Maze" reflects the architectural ideas of Yoshizaki since 1968.1968 was regarded as an extremely important year by Yoshizaki.At that time, the "Cultural Revolution" took place in China, and the "Paris" where young people fought against the old system broke out in FranceMay Storm”, in the United StatesColumbiaAnd Berkeley, the university is completely occupied by students.In Japan,The University of TokyoOfYasuda Lecture HallThe building became a symbolic castle, and many students clashed with the police.In the same year, Yoshizaki was invited to participate in the 14thMilanIn the triennial exhibition, the exhibited work is Electrical Maze.At that time, as a young Japanese architect, Yoshizaki had becomePostmodernismBut he aimed at the expandingCurrent situation of the cityThe Electrical Labyrinth, which put forward the criticism, has become the target of young people because of the system of triennial exhibition.The triennial exhibition was occupied by students, and as a rebel, Yoshizaki was expelled from the exhibition hall by new revolutionaries.
In 1968, the history of world architecture changed fundamentally.Modernism came to an end.
The Art Museum of the Central Academy of Fine Arts newly designed by Yoshizaki
The Electric Maze, once buried in history, reappears in front of the world.In response to the development of modern society, the architect injected a large number of concepts symbolizing the metropolis of the 20th century - God Ban turned into rubblegreat earthquakeThe scenes of ruins and the destruction of the "9.11" tragedy reveal the fate of construction and destruction, planning and destruction.
"Not Built: New Architecture Exhibition of Yoshizaki" also shows the "Not Built" series since the 1960s, and the great leap forwardHistorical timeAxis, in ChinaQatar, Spain, etcNew ProjectAnd its development process.In the 1970s, the architectural revolutionary Yoshizaki retreated from the city. After about 20 years, he hardly did anything related to the city.These 20 years are regarded as history by YoshizakiVacuum periodHe broke away from the modern trend and invested in Japan andWestern EuropeIn the classical world.
Chinese architecture criticVan DyanEvaluation of Yoshizaki said: "In the international communityModernist ArchitectureUnder the condition that a large amount of heritage has been provided, he did not obey the existing architectural concepts and doctrines, butCriticalReviewing the modern process of architecture and its essential significance from the perspective of.To some extent, he is first and foremost an explorer of architectural spiritAdventurous spiritHe's will stems from his suspicion of all existing architectural order, rules, methods and styles, and his vision crosses the boundaries between architecture and city, structure and planning, self and society. "
Award record
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On April 28, 2023, it won the 10th Liang Sicheng Architecture Award.[6]
