glasses

[yǎn jìng]

Ornaments for optical devices

open 16 homonymous entries

Collection

zero Useful+1

zero

Glasses are made by Lens An article that is combined with a mirror frame to improve vision, protect eyes, or be used for decoration. Glasses can correct a variety of vision problems, including myopia 、 hyperopia 、 astigmatism 、 Presbyopia 、 strabismus perhaps amblyopia Etc.

Glasses are made by Lens , consisting of mirror frame. According to the use of glasses Myopia glasses , hyperopia glasses Presbyopic glasses and Astigmatic glasses 、 Plain glass spectacles 、 Computer goggles 、 Goggles 、 Swimming goggles 、 Night vision goggles , E-sports game goggles, E-sports goggles, goggles Sunglasses , toy glasses Sun glasses 15 kinds. There are also special glasses for 3D viewing Stereoscopic image Or virtual real images. Other types of glasses include Goggles 、 Sunglasses 、 Swimming goggles And provide various protective effects for eyes. Modern glasses, usually equipped with Nasal pad , and on the left and right Armrest The position on the ear is equipped with Cushion 。 Those who love beauty or are not used to wearing glasses can choose contact lenses Corrected vision 。

Chinese name: glasses
Foreign name: glasses
eyeglass
spectacles

Role: Corrected vision
Principle: optics
Materials: Plastic 、 Metal , resin, biomaterials
Chinese Pinyin: yǎn jìng

catalog

Origin and development

Announce

edit

In 1268, Roger Bacon Lenses for optical purposes were first recorded. The earliest glasses were Italy It appeared and was introduced by Alessandro di Spina of Florence. The earliest portrait with glasses, Hugh of Provence, was painted by Tommaso da Modena in 1352.

It is said that it was invented by a photologist named Almato and an Italian named Spina who lives in Pisa.

glasses (2 sheets)

American Inventor Benjamin Franklin , suffering from myopia and hyperopia In 1784, he invented a pair of glasses for far and near vision; In 1825, the British astronomer George Eli invented the correction astigmatism Glasses. Glasses appeared in China in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and there were western glasses in the Ming Dynasty Western Regions or Nanyang It was introduced into China. Ming Wanli Tian Yiheng On《 Stay in Green Rizhao 》The second volume, "Entering the Mystery", says: "Every time you read an article, your eyesight becomes faint and tired, and you can't distinguish the fine books. By doing so, you can cover your eyes, keep your spirit intact, and make sure your strokes are clear thin silk for mounting paintings Couple them and tie them behind your head. No one knows them. Yu said, "This is my name." At this time, "input" is the original name.

Formation and development

Announce

edit

Industry formation

Along with Individual handicraft industry After the development of glasses materials from natural crystal stone to glass, the scope of use of glasses began to be popularized and expanded to the people, and the production technology also had new development.

Gusu, China（ Suzhou ）Suzhou is the birthplace of glasses in China. The production of glasses in Suzhou has a long history Glasses industry The development of has played a great role in promoting. the Ming dynasty Chongzhen In the early years (1628 AD), an outstanding technician named Sun Yunqiu , Wenyu, Sibin, origin Wujiang 。 When he was young, he was diligent and eager to learn. At that time, he saw that people with poor eyesight were suffering, but the "single view" mirror was inconvenient to use. So he meticulously developed a kind of lens that can be used on glasses. After repeated experiments, he used mechanical principle Invention The lens grinding machine - Tuotuo car. This kind of tractor is the so-called water orange processed by the classical method, which is rotated by the pedal, and uses mineral sand White mud , brick ash, etc Abrasive or Polishing material , grind the lens into Convex concave lens To meet the needs of eye refraction, and finally mastered the grinding technology Natural crystal A stone mill makes lenses. At the same time, he also mastered the technology of "optometry" (optometry), which was developed according to people's age and different eyesight Presbyopia , nearsightedness, hyperopia, and various photometric lenses, and a set of original optometry method of "matching glasses with eyes" has been prepared to test the visual environment. In this way, glasses can be matched with the eyes. The effect is not bad at all. It is also convenient and comfortable to wear on the face to meet the needs of everyone's vision. This is the beginning of China's independent optometry and glasses matching.

Later, Sun Yunqiu And invented and developed Optical lens There are flower mirrors, mandarin duck mirrors magnifier , faceted mirror, phantom mirror, etc. Since then, the glasses made by Sun Yunqiu have become famous everywhere. Unfortunately, such a promising person Technical talents He died at the age of 33, but he left a film called《 History of mirror 》Our scientific and technological works have played an invaluable role in promoting the manufacturing technology of glasses for future generations.

Following Sun Yunqiu to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong 、 Jiaqing During this period, another eyeglass manufacturing talent named Chu Sanshan was born in Suzhou. He further developed the technology of making glasses, which was quite influential.

The emergence of Sun Yunqiu and Chu Sanshan, two outstanding technical talents in glasses manufacturing, promoted the formation and development of Suzhou's glasses industry at that time. In 1735, Suzhou had already produced glasses specially Handmade workshop 。

Arrive at Qing Dynasty Kangxi The production and sales of glasses have been carried out in Beijing, Shanghai Suzhou 、 Tianjin 、 Guangzhou And other places are booming. Glasses have become specialized commodities.

Prosperity of the industry

After the Opium War in 1840, western glasses matching technology was introduced into China, opening up a new path for the rise of the glasses industry. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, John Goddard, an Englishman, set up "Goddard" in Shanghai Yanghang ”, specializes in machine grinding inspection glasses. Then other foreigners came. For example, TobiM opened the "Mingjing Foreign Firm", and the "Remington Foreign Firm" opened by British Jew Remington.

Since then, in 1911, the Chinese who had worked in "Goddard Foreign Firm" had raised funds to set up "China Lean glasses Company ". Thanks to the opening of Jingyi Glasses Company, China's glasses industry has witnessed new development. In particular, great reforms have been made in optometry and lens matching:

① It began to abolish the optometry matching glasses of the "Duguang brand" which had been used for a long time in the old style shops, and adopted the optometry technology of combining subject and object.

② The method of making lenses by pure manual operation has been eliminated, mechanical grinding processing equipment has been set up, and grinding technology has been developed. At this time, not only can various lenses of different properties and specifications be grinded, but also various frames (frames) have been produced by self-made supervision.

③ In terms of inspection, grinding, cutting, fitting, correction, manufacturing and other technologies, a generation of professional glasses manufacturing talents has been trained due to the adoption of some new foreign technologies and equipment, which has laid a solid foundation for the formation of a new technical team in the Chinese glasses industry.

Industry changes

With the rapid development of China's economic construction, the glasses industry has also been vigorously developed. In terms of industry, Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou and other major producing areas all have a certain scale of glasses production base. For example, Shanghai No. 1 Glasses Factory, Shanghai No. 2 Glasses Factory, Beijing Glasses Factory, Beijing 608 Factory, Beijing 603 Factory, Suzhou Glasses Factory, etc., have become large-scale backbone enterprises in China's eyewear industry, with the scale of nearly 1000 national medium-sized enterprises. The number, quality and supporting capacity of its production staff rank first in the country, and some products are municipal or national High quality products , Yes Famous brand products For many years, it has been exported and sold all over the country.

In addition, some national defense industry Some enterprises and instrument industry Enterprise turn Production and processing of glasses industry, Business services Departments are also expanding or increasing Sales outlets And add optometry equipment and instruments. Some cities also attach great importance to theoretical education. For example, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing, etc. have also set up glasses technology Short training courses And professional technical schools for employees, etc., have cultivated a large number of Professional and technical personnel 。

Spectacle frame (19 sheets)

In April 1985, initiated and led by the Ministry of Light Industry Danyang The city held the National Glasses Industry“ China Optical Association ”Establishment meeting. There were more than 140 collective member enterprises, 85 of which were large-scale backbone enterprises Ministry of Light Industry 、 Ministry of Commerce 、 Ministry of Machinery Industry 、 Ministry of Ordnance Industry Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Ministry of Health And the State Science and Technology Commission; In 31 cities in 14 provinces, cities and autonomous regions; There are 27237 employees in total. Among them, there are 1393 technicians: 15 units with more than 500 people, 29 units with 200-500 people, and 41 units with less than 200 people. Press economic nature divide: Enterprises for the whole people 15, Collective enterprise 49, 10 township enterprises, Sino foreign joint venture Several. These 85 units have Net value of fixed assets 145.22 million yuan in 1984 throughput They are: 2018 million pairs of frames (including 5.9 million pairs of metal frames), 16.09 million pairs of lenses and 16.94 million pairs of blanks; total output value 140 million yuan, with a total sales of 190 million yuan and a total profit of 34.49 million yuan, 1.5 million pairs of lens frames and lenses are exported every year, and 750000 dollars are exchanged. More than a year after the establishment of the Glasses Association, nearly 100 factories and businesses applied to join the Association. By the end of 1986, it had grown to 240 collective member enterprises with more than 30000 employees.

The development of China's glasses industry has gone through thousands of years of development and changes. It has formed a large industry with a certain scale and a certain supporting production capacity national economy It has become an indispensable part and has made due contributions to the country and people.

A new market has emerged in China's eyewear market: the online market. This is the way e-commerce plays a significant role in traditional industries. As the first comprehensive industry in the world Business Information Gather the platform to gather the exhibition information and agency of commissioned products from all walks of life Project investment Information, supply information of direct selling products, etc. It can also serve dealers, agents Purchaser Characteristics of. Businessmen are the websites with the most resources of dealers and agents. Among them, Exhibition bar It is more suitable for the exhibition of consignment products, investment promotion is more suitable for the investment of agency projects, and supply is more suitable for the wholesale and retail direct sales of products. It has the advertising communication function, which is more suitable than Alibaba and other B2B (B2B refers to Business to business With more dealers and agents Baidu etc. Search Engines In contrast Classification information Abundant, strong sales and investment attraction functions, many dealers and purchasers.

In April 2023, researchers from Cornell University in the United States developed a sonar glasses. It tracks the movements of lips and mouths through acoustic induction and artificial intelligence, and can continuously recognize up to 31 silent commands. The system can help those who are temporarily inconvenient to speak or unable to speak.^[3]

Culture

Announce

edit

preface

The glasses culture fully reflects the cultural characteristics of a nation's ideology, morality, values, beliefs, customs and habits, and develops with the development of culture in various historical times. It is embodied in a tangible way through the combination of material and art. On the one hand, it reflects Social civilization And also reflects the identity of the wearer social position , ideas, hobbies, etc.

Lens culture

The cultural connotation of the lens mainly reflects the quality of the material, the size, curve, combination, color and luster of the lens. In ancient times, the glasses used by emperors, officials, rich people and ordinary people were different, reflecting different cultural colors and connotations. In modern times, men and women from all walks of life, such as industry, agriculture, commerce, education and military, use mirrors in different styles, which reflect people's ideological and cultural connotation.

Mirror Frame Culture

The mirror frame culture also reflects the quality of materials, the appearance, color, the exquisite degree of decoration, and the meaning of pictures and words. In ancient times, mirror frames were often carved with patterns of happiness, wealth, longevity and wealth, which reflected“ Blessed in front of us ”"Happiness and longevity", "official prosperity", "Four Seasons Wealth" Equal value Connotation. At the same time, the beam frame is often carved with Store name , shop name, person name Gold content Etc. According to different social status and status, the frames used by emperors and dignitaries mostly use gold, silver, tortoise shell, ivory and other valuable materials, while the glasses used by ordinary people mostly use copper, iron, steel, wood and other materials. The beam frame pattern of glasses has gradually changed from the original arch bridge shape, gate shape, city gate hole shape, arc shape to straight shape, bamboo knot shape, up and down turning beam shape, etc; Beam clamp, side clamp, transition from moire shape, cathead shape, tiger head shape to eagle head shape, two-point shape, plum blossom point shape, etc.

The modern mirror frame is further developed on the basis of the ancient mirror frame culture. It has become more and more popular in terms of form, design, decoration, pattern and color Rich and colorful , reflecting new values and aesthetics.^[1]

physical property

Announce

edit

glasses

1. Refractive index (n);

2. Water content (% by weight);

3. Oxygen permeability (cm2/s) (mlO2/ml · kPa) @ 25 ℃ × 10-11;

4、 Modulus of elasticity Pa*104；

5. Specific gravity (g/cm3).

transparency

Of a substance Clarity 。 Is the chemistry, purity and Hydration And other factors. Usually, light with a specific wavelength passes through a sample of a substance Transmissivity of percentage To indicate the transparency of the substance. This value is between 92% and 98% in most clear contact lens materials (without coloring).

Hardness and toughness

The hardness of materials is important quality index , which reflects the manufacturing and durability of lenses. Hard mirrors are more closely related to hardness than soft mirrors. Toughness reflects the degree of flexibility of materials. The lenses made of flexible materials feel good at the initial wearing stage, but can not correct corneal astigmatism because they are easy to cling to the cornea and match the shape of the cornea.

Tensile strength

It refers to the maximum tensile force that the material can bear before fracture in the tensile state. High tensile strength → good Durability 。

Modulus of elasticity

one
Indicates the ability of a material to maintain its shape under pressure.
two
Materials with low elastic modulus have little resistance to pressure.
three
Materials with high elastic modulus → better resistance to pressure, so as to maintain shape and provide better visual effects.

function

Announce

edit

glasses

In terms of the function of the lens, it has the ability to adjust the access to the eyes Amount of light , correcting vision, protecting eye safety and clinical treatment of eye diseases. yes Ametropia Children caused strabismus And patients with abnormal refraction accompanied by headache can be treated after wearing glasses. The function of the spectacle frame is to form a complete set of lenses. The glasses can be worn on people's eyes Support function In addition, it also has beauty Decorative 。 Modern fashionistas emphasize that glasses should be in harmony with people's facial makeup and clothing of the times, reflecting social stratum High, learning, elegant, fashion and other symbols.

glasses It is a lens embedded in the frame and worn in front of the eyes to improve vision, protect eyes or for decorative purposes. There are also special glasses for 3D viewing Stereoscopic image Or virtual real images.

Modern glasses, usually equipped with Nasal pad (bridge of nose), and on the left and right Armrest The position on the ear is equipped with Cushion 。

Mirror frame

Announce

edit

Eyeglass frame (14 sheets)

Metal and tortoise shell were mainly used as frame materials in the early stage, including stainless steel 、 titanium Metal, Xin Cupronickel , plastic and Monel Nickel alloy And other materials.

There are also many breakthroughs in the technology and application materials of the mirror frame Memory alloy The glasses with frames can maintain their shape, even if they buckle, they will not break, so that the glasses will have a longer life and avoid the inconvenience caused by broken frames. Adding springs to the hinge of the frame arm also makes the glasses more durable.

The mirror frame made of titanium metal is lighter and more corrosion resistant, so as to avoid long-term wear sweat Corrosion to metal Tarnish 。

Lens

Announce

edit

definition

national standard Divided into mandatory national standards（ GB ）And recommended national standards（ GB/T ）。 The number of the national standard is issued by the code of the national standard Sequence number And the year of national standard release (the last two digits of the release year).

Mandatory national standards are the guarantee human health Standards and laws for personal and property safety Administrative regulations regulations Enforcement National standards; Recommended national standards refer to production, exchange, use, etc economic means or Market regulation National standards adopted voluntarily. However, once the recommended national standard is accepted and adopted, or all parties agree to include it Economic contract Therefore, it has become the technical basis that all parties must abide by, and it is legally binding.

《 Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China 》Chinese standards are divided into national standards Industry standards 、 Local standards （DB）、 Enterprise standard (QB) Class IV.

Current lens Executive standards

Lens material - QB2506.2001

Lenticular Basic parameters Indicator - implementation of GB10810.1.2005

standard film ——Execute QB2682.2005

standard Transmittance ——Implement GB10810.3-2006

Progressive multi focus - implement GB10510.2

Lens type

one Anti reflective protective lens

This kind of lens is coated with a thin layer on the surface Magnesium fluoride , to prevent strong light reflection Look More clear and free from strong light interference. To check whether the glasses really use anti reflective protective lenses, aim the glasses at the light source. If you see purple or green reflection, it means that the lenses are indeed coated with anti reflective protective film.

two Color lens

Also known as "dyed lens", it is to add some chemistry to the lens production process material , make the lens appear color to absorb light of specific wavelength. This is the most commonly used type of lens for sunglasses.

three Painted lens

This kind of lens presents the same effect as the colored lens, but it is made in a different way. It is painted on the surface of the lens. The most well-known is the "gradually colored lens". The color is the darkest on the top, and then gradually fades down. Generally, the lenses of sunglasses with different degrees are painted.

four Polarizing lens

In order to filter the dazzling light from the sun in the same direction on the water, land or snow, a special coating in the vertical direction is added to the lens, which is called a polarizing lens. It is most suitable for outdoor sports (such as marine activities, skiing or fishing).

five Chameleon lens

It is also called "sensitive lens". Because silver halide chemicals are added to the lenses to make the originally transparent and colorless lenses become colored when exposed to strong light for protection, it is suitable for indoor and outdoor use at the same time.

6. Aspherical lens

It can prevent eyeball deformation and has excellent visual effect.

choose

Announce

edit

Quality identification

1. Lenses Transmittance And optical uniformity test method: the hand-held lens is about 30cm away from the eye, and observe the distance from the lens. If the vision is clear, without deformation, and there is no jump when moving slowly, it indicates the transparency and Optical uniformity Quite good.

2、 Optical center Position test method: draw a big cross with thin lines on white paper, and the strokes should be clear and straight. Hold the lens and observe the shape of the cross stroke with one eye from the lens. If the strokes are not in the mirror A line The lens can be moved so that the cross stroke inside the lens is in line with that outside the lens. Use a soft pen to point a small point at the center of the cross observed in the lens, which is the optical center. After the two lenses point out the optical center, observe and compare whether the optical centers on both sides are symmetrical, and then ruler Measure two Center point Is the distance between Pupillary distance agreement. If the cross stroke in the lens is bent, it indicates that there is a quality problem with the lens.

matters needing attention

1. First, you should choose a regular and reputable Optical center To prepare glasses, the quality and service of glasses are guaranteed.

2. Before fitting glasses, Should be Optometry is the first step, and blind purchase is not allowed.

3. After the glasses are made or purchased, the matching personnel will match them according to the face shape. Generally speaking, if the parameters are appropriate, you will feel very clear when wearing new glasses.

4. If any quality problem is found, contact the store in time.

Glasses should be washed regularly.

It is recommended to test your eyesight every year to see if you need to change your glasses.

choice

Glasses lenses can be divided into two categories, namely Glass lenses And optics Resin lens 。

Glass lens includes Optical glass lens And height Refractive index Lenses (commonly referred to as ultra-thin lenses) have high hardness and good wear resistance. Generally, their quality and various parameters will not change with time, but the Impact resistance And the weight is slightly inferior to the resin lens.

Resin lens Generally, it is much lighter than glass lens, and resistant to Impact performance It is better than glass sheet, but its surface hardness Low, easy to be Abrasions 。 Resin lens and Coated lens Due to its soft characteristics, you should pay attention not to let the mirror surface direct contact For hard objects, it is better to use clean water (or mix a small amount of water Detergent ）Clean, and then use the special test cloth or high-quality cotton paper to absorb the water drops on the glasses. In addition, on the environment condition Coated lenses should be used carefully in poor areas to avoid dirt and difficulty in cleaning.

In Select Spectacle frame In addition to taking price and beauty as the standard, special attention should be paid to the size of the selected frame and Pupillary distance Try to match, because it directly affects the internal optical quality and wearing comfort of the glasses.

The following items can be considered for the identification of mirror frame quality:

1. The mirror frame with good elasticity is generally of good quality.

2. The mirror frame with smooth and bright coating has good quality.

3、 Solder joint The smooth, small and even lens frame has good quality.

4. Tight assembly of parts is preferred.

5. Left and right Mirror ring The size and shape must be exactly the same, and the nose bridge must be symmetrical.

6. The glasses frame should be comfortable to wear, not just beautiful.

Frame aesthetics

Modern frames are part of fashion, not just medical devices. When glasses are worn, the optician does not want to expose his own faults, but hopes that the frame can play a decorative role, cover up shortcomings and highlight advantages.

（1） Shape

Determined by the main skeleton structure of the face geometry , face shape can be divided into 6 categories: square , rectangle, circle, chamfer and egg. The above classification is not absolute. The specific face shape may be different from each of the above, but it is very helpful to analyze the face shape and select the appropriate mirror frame, highlighting the advantages, hiding the disadvantages, and giving people a sense of symmetry and balance. For example, a square face with a round lens holder can eliminate the feeling of too obvious edges and corners, and a square lens holder can add the edge and corners of a round face.

In other places, there is no similar phenomenon. For example, people with full stature will look slim when wearing vertical clothes, and will be fatter when wearing horizontal clothes. People with round faces also tend to have straight hair styles, increasing the sense of contour, and rarely curl their hair.

Add one piece for frame selection basic principle The width of the lens frame is basically consistent with that of the temporal side. If the lens frame is too wide, it will be too cumbersome and will increase the number of lenses aberration 。

Each face type is analyzed in turn as follows:

1 square

The square face is shorter, mandible The line is relatively prominent and has edges and corners. What should be noticed is the two characteristics of a square face: square and short. Use round frames, especially those with round bottom, to reduce the feeling of too obvious edges and corners.

There are two ways to "lengthen" the face:

one
This method is the most important: choose a mirror frame with a smaller height. If the height of the mirror frame is too high, it will take up most of the face, and make people feel that the face is shorter;
two
If possible, choose a frame with high mirror feet, which will make the face appear longer.

2 Rectangle

Like a square face, this kind of face has obvious mandibular angularity. The difference is that the face is longer. You still need to use a round frame to ease the edges and corners, but you also need to shorten the face shape.

Contrary to the square face shape mentioned above: select a mirror frame with a high height and a mirror foot in the middle, so that the mirror frame can occupy an appropriate part of the face.

3 Cardioid

Heart-shaped face Also called inverted triangle The face is characterized by a wide forehead, prominent cheekbones, and narrow and pointed mandible. The appearance of this face is uneven from top to bottom. The upper part is larger and more prominent than the lower part. You need to wear a mirror frame with the opposite appearance, that is, the bottom is wider, which can increase the width of the lower part of the face. The lower position of the mirror foot also helps to improve this effect.

4 Heart turning face

The inverted face also feels unbalanced. The forehead is narrow and the lower the face is, the wider the face is, so the jaw is wide and prominent. This kind of face is relatively rare. The principle of choosing a mirror frame is opposite to that of a heart-shaped face. A mirror frame with high mirror feet and narrow bottom is required.

5 Round

Round face And positive Square face The shape is completely opposite, so the selection principle of mirror frame is basically opposite to that of square face; The mirror frame with obvious edges and corners is needed to improve the sense of face contour, but the principle of "stretching" of square face is also needed, that is, the mirror frame with lower height and higher mirror foot position is used.

6 Oval face

The oval face is called the ideal face. Its skeleton is not particularly prominent, and there are no obvious shortcomings to hide. However, this "ideal" face shape will also derive the missing shape, so the above principle needs to be applied to "lengthen" or "shorten" the face shape according to the situation.

（2） Yes Nasal form And eye shape

The above is the reference principle for the selection of mirror frame for the overall appearance of the face, but sometimes the aesthetic defects of facial details need special treatment. For example, the nose is too stiff. If you wear a low nose bridge or a double beam mirror frame, you can cover up this shortcoming. Similarly, wearing a high nose frame can Small nose Appears larger.

Those with close eyes can wear a light colored frame at the bridge of the nose and gradually darken toward the foot of the mirror. Wide eye distance is on the contrary.

In general, the top of the frame should be Superciliary arch Parallel and close in height, i.e. equal to or slightly higher than the eyebrow arch (if the mirror frame slips, the top should be flush with the eyebrow arch). If the wearer's eyebrow arch is very high, it is better to choose a dark frame than a light one, which will highlight the wearer's eyebrow height, making people feel that another eyebrow exists.

（3） Color

People generally divide colors into two categories: orange based warm tones And blue based Cold tint 。 Most people like to choose clothes that match their skin color, which can show their personality characteristics.

Although we know how to choose the style and color of the frame from an aesthetic point of view, we should explain a few points:

First of all, these are just fundamental theory Fashion is always changing, and personal tastes are also different, so the desire of the wearer is the most important.

Secondly, we also need to consider other reference conditions for frame selection: function and feeling, which may conflict with fashion standards.

The most important thing is that fashion principles only help to choose, not absolute.

Frame function

There are two functional factors to be considered when selecting the frame:

（1） The lens frame controls the function of the lens

When selecting the lens frame, the interaction with the lens should be taken into account: the larger the size of the lens frame, the greater the size of the lens frame Effective diameter The larger the required minimum lens blank, the thicker and heavier the cut lens. So the height of the lens and Aspherical lens , requires a small, symmetrical, round or square frame, and a meridian Too long a frame is not suitable. and Gradient mirror It is necessary to have a lens frame of appropriate height, that is, from the center of the pupil to the bottom of the inner groove of the lens ring Vertical distance 22 mm minimum.

For height Astigmatic lens The meridian direction with the highest mirror degree needs to be considered. For example, for the+6.00/－ 4.00 * 180 lens, the narrower and higher lens frame needs to be selected. The height of the lens frame should be larger, so that the edge thickness of the top and bottom will not be too thick. For the+6.00/－ 4.00 * 90 lens, the lens frame with relatively wide and shallow height should be selected.

（2） Wearing purpose

The purpose of glasses should be taken into consideration when selecting frames. Some frames may be suitable for daily wear, but may not be suitable for people with special requirements; Some frames are only suitable for certain environments.

Comfort of wearing glasses

The comfort of wearing should also be taken into consideration when selecting a suitable frame. Affect wearing Comfort The factors include the weight of the lens frame and glasses, the latter not only depends on the weight of the lens frame material, but also is affected by the size and thickness of the lens frame and lenses. In addition, the fitting of the frame will also affect the wearing comfort, so it is necessary to select and adjust the frame correctly. The Importance of Comfort of Glasses Frame Wearing Not to be ignored The number of people who complain about the discomfort of wearing glasses is no less than the number who complain about the problem of glasses' vision.

Comprehensive consideration

There are often contradictions between the mirror frame selection criteria, such as the mirror frame aesthetics, the mirror frame function and the feeling of wearing the mirror. At this time, it is necessary to understand which aspect is the most important, and sometimes even need several frames to solve different contradictions.

Of course, in addition to the above, you also need to have a certain understanding of the quality of the mirror frame itself. When you have a pair of glasses in your hand, you should make an observation from the following angles.

(1) Look at the surface: try to choose a clear, shiny surface without defects, scratches Bruise , corrosion, peeling and other problems.

(2) Look at the "logo": the regular manufacturer is in the mirror frame Up division In addition to the article number and size, the license plate number is also printed.

(3) Look at the shape: open and lay the mirror legs horizontally to see whether the mirror body and the mirror legs are inclined at a certain angle, whether the mirror frame is the same size, whether the components of the mirror frame are symmetrical, whether the two legs of the metal frame with spring legs are the same elasticity, and whether the various components are fine.

maintain

Announce

edit

Protection of glasses

1. One handed removal will damage the left and right sides of the frame Balance , causing deformation. It is recommended that you hold it with both hands Mirror leg Remove and wear along the parallel direction of both cheeks.

2. The left mirror leg is usually folded before wearing, which is not easy to cause Mirror frame Deformation.

3. It is recommended to wash glasses with clean water and use paper towels to absorb water before using Glasses cloth To wipe, hold the edge wire of the frame on one side of the wiping mirror and gently wipe the lens to avoid damage to the frame or lens caused by excessive force.

4. When not wearing glasses, please wrap them with glasses cloth and put them in glasses case 。 If it is temporarily placed, please Convex surface Face up, otherwise the lens will be easily abraded. At the same time, glasses should avoid contact with Insect repellent Toilet cleaning supplies, cosmetics Hair gel , drugs and other corrosive articles should be kept away from long-term direct sunlight and high temperature (above 60 ℃), otherwise the lenses and frames will be easily deteriorated, deteriorated, discolored, etc.

5. Regular arrival Speciality Store If plastic adjustment is carried out, deformation of the lens frame will burden the nose and ears, and the lens is easy to loose.

6. Please do not use glasses in intense sports to avoid eye and face damage caused by lens breakage due to strong impact; Do not use worn lenses to prevent the loss of vision caused by light dispersion; Do not look directly at the sun or strong glare to avoid eye injury.

There is a way to clean glasses

The principle of cleaning glasses is to keep them bright, clean and free from contamination Oil stain , avoid Scratches Lens. Available Neutral Soap Or dedicated Cleaning agent Clean with clean water and then use mirror wiping paper or soft facial tissue Dry, many people pick up the corner of their clothes Handkerchief It is incorrect to wait for the habit of wiping the lens, because it is rough Material It is easy to scratch the lens. Clean the slit between the frames, and gently brush with a soft old toothbrush to remove dirt.

Collect glasses carefully

The glasses should also be placed in a fixed way. First wrap the lenses with flannelette, then close the left frame, and then the right frame. To prevent the glasses from being under heavy pressure, the glasses can be placed in a hard glasses collection box.

contact lenses Maintenance of

Slightly thin contact lenses cling to the eyes. Once they are polluted, they will immediately and directly hurt the eyes. Therefore, you should not be lazy in cleaning and maintenance.

come out of mud unsoiled

Except that there are eye disease In addition to 30% of patients, general contact lenses will suffer from three kinds of pollution: first, external pollution, such as dust, grease, cosmetics and detergents in the air. The second is the eye itself, such as tear In protein , mucus secretion. Third, bacteria mould Contamination of. Therefore, in addition to being careful to avoid scratches, cleaning and maintenance of contact lenses should also thoroughly accomplish the three tasks of cleaning, sterilization and protein removal.

Maintenance system Eye contact

In principle, although some cleaning solutions are effective, they may cause allergic irritation to some people's eyes. Therefore, when purchasing contact lenses, it is necessary to ask about the best living habits and Physiological conditions And do not mix different maintenance systems at will. In general, several points should be paid attention to when selecting a maintenance system:

one
It has passed the inspection and approval of the health authority.
two
It is safe for eyes, without allergy and irritation.
three
The cleaning effect is good.
four
It can completely sterilize.
five
Good protein removal effect.
six
Conform to living habits.
seven
Simple and easy to use.
eight
The price is reasonable.

Specific methods:

Rubbing lenses by hand: Just as it is impossible to remove stubborn dirt if ordinary dirty clothes are thrown into the washing machine without first scrubbing, contact lenses must be scrubbed by hand for more than 30 seconds to achieve the cleaning effect. The research report points out that hand scrubbing can effectively remove impurities and precipitate 。 In addition, tap water or boiled water has no cleaning and disinfection effect and cannot be used to clean contact lenses.

Regular replacement Contact lens: contact lens is different from the lens of ordinary glasses. No matter how good the cleaning and maintenance method is, there will still be a little microorganism left on the lens. Even if it is not used often, the lens material will naturally become old after 1-2 years. At this time, it should be discarded and replaced to avoid eye damage.

Contact lenses should not be placed normal saline Medium preservation: no physiological salt water Bactericidal action It is used to preserve lenses, which is easy to breed bacteria and cause eye infection.

Maintenance fluid Or physiological salt water.

Weekly deproteinization

The protein contained in tears is easy to adhere to the lens, and it is very stubborn to deposit on the lens. Even if it is cleaned every day, it cannot be completely removed, and the longer it is stored, the more difficult it is to remove it, which will make the eyes red Photophobia , lens discoloration, eye irritant immune system Produce antibodies, causing "giant mastoid" conjunctivitis ”And other diseases. In deproteinized cleaning tablets Enzyme , can decompose protein structure, cut and eliminate Adhesion To achieve the cleaning effect. Usually, protein removal can be done once a week.

Sun glasses Maintenance of

Dazzling sunglasses let you be active in the sun and free. In fact, sunglasses can not block the sun, but can not block pollution damage, so you should take care carefully to avoid losing face.

In fact, the way to maintain sunglasses is just like maintaining ordinary glasses. You should develop the habit of cleaning, stacking and storing sunglasses. It's just that sunglasses are often taken off and worn, and will scratch if you are not careful. So there are some small details to remind us: when sunglasses have stains and adhesion, don't pick them with your nails, because it's easy to scratch the surface.

When sunglasses are not worn, many people will hang them on their heads, collars or pockets. At this time, the range of movement of the body should not be too large to avoid being torn or damaged. Or someone will put it in the handbag. It is recommended to put it in the hard glasses case first and then reticule To avoid being damaged by keys, combs, copper plates, etc Small things Wear glasses, or get lipstick and other cosmetics.

No matter where the sunglasses are stored, remember to keep the mirror face up.

Frame maintenance

Keep clean: sweat or grease on the skin is easy to produce on the metal part of the mirror frame Corrosion Cleaning glasses every day is very helpful for prolonging the life of glasses.

Avoid sunlight: put it in the place where the sun is easy to shine for a long time, because the mirror frame is in the light and thermal decomposition It is easy to fade.

Wipe the glasses correctly: dry them with a special cloth for glasses. The lens should not touch hard objects, and should not be wiped with fingers. Please use clean lens cloth to reduce lens wear.

Proper storage: do not put the front of the lens downward. If not in use, try to put it into the eyes mirror box Inside, if the glasses are not worn, please wrap them with lens cloth and put them into the lens box to avoid damage.

Glasses protection

Announce

edit

Optometry

① The glasses should be properly stored. When the glasses are temporarily removed and not worn, do not let the lenses touch the desk. That is, let the glasses be in the two arms of the lens frame, with the foot arms downward and the lens upward. If you sleep at night, put your glasses in glasses case In order to prevent the lens from being worn, crushed or broken, the glasses case should not be too soft, or long-term squeezing may cause the foot arm（ Mirror leg ）It is deformed and has a certain slope, which affects vision. ② Avoid abrasion when cleaning the lens. It can be used when there is dust or dirt on the lens flannelette or Silk cloth Wipe gently. Do not wipe with clothes, fingers or other things. This will wear the lens and reduce the transparency. If this continues, the lens will be covered by a layer of mist Opaque ； If there is oil stain or other dirty things on the lens, gently wipe the dirty things with a wiping cloth after making them wet with a breath. It must not be hard engraved or scraped with hard things. When children go to sports or do other strenuous activities, they should take off their glasses and put them into the glasses box. Children's glasses If the lens is damaged, or glasses Corrected vision If it can not reach the normal level, go to the hospital for inspection and optometry in time. Wear appropriate glasses again to protect children's eyes.

Appropriate size

Children's glasses, mainly for eyes Therapeutic effect It also plays a certain role in beauty.

Whether the size of the frame is appropriate or not is directly related to the improvement of children's vision and the development of vision.

According to the lively and active characteristics of children, plastic frames are often used, or organic glass 。 This kind of frame Side groove It is wide, the lens is firmly installed, soft, comfortable for children to wear, and it is not easy to be damaged, and children's indirect Ocular trauma 。 And the price is cheap, which is popular with the public.

The size of the mirror frame should be appropriate. Some parents and children think that the mirror frame is bigger and more beautiful, while others think that the mirror frame is smaller and not easy to fall off. These are not comprehensive. Because the pupil of children's eyes is facing the center of glasses（ Optical center ）And keep the lens and the eyeball surface at a position of 12mm, which can play a good role in correction and treatment. If the lens frame is too large, the eyes are far away from the optical center and inclined to the inside of the glasses prism The effect of Distention pain Acidity headache etc. Asthenopia Symptoms, aggravated Ametropia Development of. If the lens frame is too small, both eyes will be inclined to the outside and also far away from the optical center of the lens. As the two mirror legs press against the inner bone of the eye for a long time, the temporal side will also affect the normal development of the face. Therefore, children's lens frames should be selected according to the development of the children's skull, face, orbit and eyeball, and replaced in a timely manner as they continue to develop.

Although contact lenses and Maintenance fluid It has been launched continuously, but the number of people with problems due to wearing contact lenses has not decreased. According to data analysis, from 1992 to 2006, Bacterial corneal ulcer Case finding Up to 45% of the patients had problems with contact lens maintenance, 80% of them Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infected.

contact lenses

First, you must select the right one contact lenses To keep your eyes bright and comfortable.

To measure vision, you need to find a major Ophthalmology Department Physician and Optometrist : The measurement of myopia and corneal radian should be accurate.

Check your work habits: people who need to see distant objects clearly at ordinary times, such as drivers, pilots, etc., need more accurate inspection, especially the deployment of astigmatism.

Find a doctor Examination: A professional ophthalmologist will make a detailed examination to determine the appropriate type of contact lens.

For example, many people get rid of Dry eyes Distress, shopping water content High contact lenses "This is the most common way for consumers to buy contact lenses Myth , "the glasses expert explained that high water content means Water absorption High. In order to maintain the moisture content of the lens, it will absorb the water on the eye surface, causing serious water shortage of the eye and increasing the chance of infection. After the tears absorbed by contact lenses evaporate, more protein And sediment accumulation, promoting bacteria breeding. People with dry eyes and low tear secretion should not choose contact lenses with water content greater than 50. because High content Instead of absorbing tears cornea Drier.

Basic maintenance

It is also important to choose the right maintenance fluid and correct maintenance method. There are a variety of contact lens care solutions on the market. How to choose them:

★ Check if there is any health office If the license number is approved, there will be YZSZ No. xxx of the Department of Health.

★ Choose the liquid medicine that is most suitable for wearing contact lenses, and the best sterilization ingredient is macromolecule Liquid medicine, Small molecule It is easy to get stuck in contact lenses and release it slowly, which will damage the cornea Epidermal cell 。

★ It is better to include citric acid The medicine liquid with deproteinized ingredients, which uses charge number neutralization and ion displacement, reduces irritation compared with chemical deproteinized ingredients.

★ Hard contact lenses are better than soft ones. From the perspective of ophthalmologists, hard contact lenses have a better effect on correcting astigmatism and myopia, especially for High astigmatism and Irregular astigmatism People. And hard glasses Oxygen permeability It is relatively high, which is not easy to cause corneal hypoxia, and is a healthier choice. However, because of the foreign body feeling after wearing it, it is less acceptable. Soft contact lenses have high water content, Comfort Good, the lens is larger than the cornea, the lens is not easy to fall off and shift, and is more popular. Soft contact lenses increase oxygen permeability and comfort by increasing water content, but relatively increase the risk of allergy and infection. The newly launched silicone water gel material has an oxygen permeability of more than 100, which is similar to the hard type. It is a good choice.

In addition to proper purchase, proper maintenance should also be carried out:

★ Maintain according to the instructions of liquid medicine. The focus of each bottle of maintenance fluid is different, and there is not necessarily a so-called difference between good and bad. In fact, correct maintenance can achieve the same cleaning effect. Use according to the instructions of various brands, such as hydrogen peroxide solution The liquid medicine needs to be soaked for at least 6 hours, while the general multi-functional maintenance solution is best to scrub and maintain for another 4 hours before it can work. In addition, pay attention to the manufacturing date and storage period of the maintenance solution, and do not use expired liquid medicine. The maintenance solution should be discarded even if it is not used up within three months after it is unsealed. It is better not to continue to use it.

★ Regular replacement Contact lenses, including hard contact lenses, should also be renewed in 1-2 years. Besides, don't Daily toss When two weeks, or two weeks Monthly throwing , extend the service life by yourself, which may damage the cornea.

★ Fix and remove protein. If you use hydrogen peroxide solution, you need to remove the protein before soaking the solution every day; For those who use multifunctional maintenance fluid, it is recommended to regularly remove protein every week to reduce the chance of infection.

★ Lens cannot be placed normal saline Save in. No physiological salt water Bactericidal action , used to preserve lenses, easy to grow bacteria.

★ The storage box should be cleaned at least once a week and replaced every three months to avoid bacteria breeding hotbed 。 Clean with cotton ball Cleaning fluid Wipe the inside of the small box, put it in hot water above 79 ℃ for disinfection, and then air dry it. Try not to put it in the bathroom, because it is damp and easy to get moldy.

★ Do not immerse the lens in the liquid medicine for a long time. The liquid medicine will gradually lose its disinfection function and become a breeding ground for bacteria. If you don't often wear contact lenses, you'd better change the immersion solution once every 2 days, and remember to disinfect and clean them again before wearing them.

★ Never wear contact lenses when swimming. Chlorine, bacteria, impurities, etc. in the swimming pool will attach to the contact lens, causing damage to corneal tissue or infection, or even Corneal ulcer 。

★ If you want to change the liquid medicine after seeing the launch of a new product or a friend's introduction, you must pay special attention to the condition of the new liquid medicine after use, such as redness, itching, foreign body sensation, dryness, tears, secretions, etc., you must stop wearing it, and confirm that it is an eye or liquid medicine problem. If it is caused by liquid medicine, it is recommended to stop using it and change back to the original liquid medicine.

Suitable glasses

Announce

edit

Computer optometry It cannot be used as the basis for matching glasses

The computer optometry developed in the 1970s belongs to objective optometry. The machine used for this optometry is a combination of optics, electronics and machinery. Its principle and Retinoscopy Basically the same. In addition, infrared Red light source And automatic fog viewing device Ocular accommodation The purpose of. The operation is simple and fast, which is a great progress in optometry technology. But all kinds of Computer optometer Some errors are inevitable. Although infrared light source and automatic fog vision device are used to relax the adjustment, the adjustment effect cannot be completely eliminated, especially for teenagers Regulating force Very strong, simple computer optometry often inaccurate 。 If it is necessary to use computer optometry, ophthalmic drugs should also be used to dilate pupils before optometry anaesthesia Ciliary muscle Later. The errors of computer optometry results are mainly high myopia degree and astigmatism axis difference. Therefore, the results of computer optometry can only be used for clinical reference, not directly as prescription for glasses.

Spectacular Representation : S: indicates Spherical lens , (-) is myopic, (+) is used hyperopia 、 Presbyopia Use; C: Represent Cylindrical lens , for astigmatism; DS: used to mark the spherical lens Power 。

Ways of looking at

Announce

edit

Labor protection glasses (3 sheets)

Generally, glasses should be worn frequently, because glasses make ametropic eyes tend to be normal, and people who can approach or obtain normal eyes should have the ability. Wear appropriate glasses, everything will be changed, and provide what a normal child should have precondition It may help him become a talent with broad prospects. Don't underestimate the role of glasses. hyperopia People who use different degrees of Regulating force It is easy to cause visual fatigue, blurred reading, tired eyes, eye pain and even headaches, irritability and other symptoms, so reading can not last long, affecting work and learning. People with obvious astigmatism also have similar symptoms, which disappear after wearing glasses. Therefore, whether it is myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism with glasses should generally be worn.

Many myopic patients have heard that they will become more and more myopic if they wear glasses often, and their degree will become deeper and deeper, rather than wearing glasses often. In fact, this statement and practice is wrong. People suffering from myopia cannot see distant objects clearly because the parallel light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina for imaging. If you wear a pair of suitable glasses, you can move the image in front of the retina backward and fall on the retina, so that you can see things in the distance clearly and have less chance of causing eye fatigue. After people suffering from myopia wear glasses, the degree of myopia is generally not deepened, because whether myopia is aggravated has nothing to do with glasses (except those who do not match glasses according to the degree). Some patients are equipped with glasses, which are worn for a while and not worn for a while. Doing so is also easy to cause eye fatigue and increase myopia.

Labor protection glasses

Mainly Anti shock glasses , goggles Electric welding Glasses, etc.

Anti shock glasses are mainly used in laboratories, operating rooms and other occasions; The goggles are used in windy occasions, such as desert areas; Electric welding glasses are used to protect eyes during electric welding operations.

Novice on the road

Growth task Getting Started with Editing Edit Rule Edit by myself

I have questions

Content query Online Service Official post bar Feedback

Complaints and suggestions

Report bad information Failed to appeal through entries Complaint of infringement information Blocking query and unblocking

Jinggong Network Anbei No. 1100000200001

glasses

catalog

Origin and development

Formation and development

Industry formation

Prosperity of the industry

Industry changes

Culture

preface

Lens culture

Mirror Frame Culture

physical property

function

category

Sun glasses

Monocle glasses

Color changing glasses

contact lenses

Crystal glasses

Basketball glasses

Self adjustable myopia glasses

Rear view reflector

Corrective eyeglasses

TV glasses

Functional glasses

Antique glasses

Mirror frame

Lens

definition

Lens type

choose

Quality identification

matters needing attention

choice

Frame aesthetics

Frame function

Comfort of wearing glasses

Comprehensive consideration

maintain

Glasses protection

Suitable glasses

Ways of looking at