Shield pedestal

Astronomical constellations

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Shield pedestal (English: Scutum) It is a small constellation among the modern 88 constellations. It is surrounded by several major constellations, including Aquila 、 Sagittarius and Serpent 。

It has few bright stars Primary star yes Tianbianyi ， Apparent magnitude 3.85。

Right ascension: 18.7h
Declination: −10
Name of celestial body: Shield pedestal
Latin name: Scutum
Latin abbreviation: Sct
Symbolism: shield

Area ranking: 84th
Number of bright stars: zero
Brightest star: Shield base α/ Tianbianyi
meteor shower: June meteor shower in shield
Adjacency constellation: Aquila ， Sagittarius ， Serpent
Best observation time: August
the measure of area: one hundred and nine Square degree

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Constellation characteristics

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The shield seat includes China Star official : Tianbian. The shield is ranked fifth from bottom in terms of sky area, accounting for only 109 square degrees. the galaxy Through this constellation, the Shield Nebula can be found at the northeast border of Shield.

Shield constellation

It has few bright stars Primary star Is the shield α, Apparent magnitude 3.85。 There are nine stars brighter than 5.5 in the constellation of Shield, and two of the brightest stars are fourth class stars. At midnight on July 1 every year, the center of the shield passes through Shangzhong. The complete shield seat can be seen in the vast area south of 74 degrees north latitude; The constellation cannot be seen north of 84 degrees north latitude.

Major constellations

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Bayer designation	Franstide nomenclature	Other names	Chinese Star Officer	Apparent magnitude	remarks
Shield base α	----	Ionnina^[1]	Tianbianyi	3.85 etc	Orange superstar, the brightest star in Shield
Shield base β	----	----	Tianbianzi	4.22 etc	The second bright star in Shield
Shield base γ	----	----	----	4.67 etc	----
Shield base δ	----	----	Celestial Bian Er	----	Triad ； Shield delta variable star Prototype of
Shield base ε	----	----	Sky Bian San	4.88 etc	----
Shield seat ζ	----	----	----	4.66 etc	----
Shield base η	----	----	Tianbianwu	4.83 etc	----
----	----	HIP 92488	Tianbian increases by six	----	----
----	----	Shield base R	----	----	Variable star , the period is 140 days
----	----	Shield base S	----	6.80 etc	----
----	----	Shield base UY	----	9.00 etc	Red supergiant
----	----	Shield base V432	----	6.02 etc	Alpha ² type variable star of Canis
----	----	Shield base V450	----	5.47 etc	----
----	----	Struve 2325	----	5.72 etc	binary star ； The magnitude is 5.8 and 9.1 respectively
----	----	COROT-17	----	15.46 etc	There is a planet capable of occultation (COROT-17b)
----	----	PSR B1829-10	----	----	Pulsar; There may be three planets
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The most famous star in Shield is the δ star in Shield“ Celestial Bian Er ”。 It is a kind of Short period Typical of pulsating deformation Shield delta variable star 。 The brightness of the shield base δ is 4.6 when it is extremely bright, and 4.79 when it is extremely bright, Photoperiod It is 0.193769 days, that is, 4:39:1.7 seconds. his Spectral type Type A to F Herotu On Cepheid variable Unstable zone 。 Photorefractive curve The shape changes greatly, the same as Vela AI variable star Similar, but amplitude Less than 0.3 the magnitude 。 At first, people regarded all types of A and F with a cycle shorter than 0.21 days Pulsating variable star Are called shield delta variable stars (also called Dwarf cepheid variable )。 Later only Light amplitude Short period pulsating variable stars with magnitude less than 0.3 are called shield δ variable stars. This kind of star not only exists in the galactic field stars (that is, the "free" transverses that do not belong to a certain star cluster, such as sunlight ）Medium, return Open cluster Medium, which is considered to be about 1.5~2.5 solar masses Main sequence star Or just passed Main star order Of stars belonging to Star Family I , Absolute Apparent magnitude About+2 etc. In 1970, Egan pointed out that two groups of stars with amplitudes less than or greater than 0.3 magnitude have young and old discs Astral family The members of rationality 。 According to actual measurements, some people think that they are all hydrogen behind the main sequence star with a mass of about two solar masses Shell combustion Stars, the difference may be just the different modes of pulsation.

Shield base UY It's a Red supergiant , which Stellar spectral classification It is M4Ia. The radius of this star is about 755 times that of the sun. Although its volume is large, its mass is only about Solar mass 7 of -10 Times, that is, about Earth mass 10 million times. The star is not only large in size, but also bright. Its brightness is 340000 times that of the sun, and it is one of the brightest stars.^[2]

Constellation history

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There is no myth about shield, its name and Backseat It is also related to real historical figures.

In 1683, turkey 300, 000 troops surrounded Austria capital Vienna And tried to conquer Europe, the king of Poland Jan Sobesky (Jan Sobieski) Led only 70000 troops to defeat in Vienna Turkish Armed Forces , this victory is not only in poland And has had a huge impact in Europe.

Polish astronomer Hervelis demarcated this constellation in 1690 to commemorate the Polish king Jan Sobesky (Subeski III) led an army against the Turkish army in 1683, thus defending Vienna 。 So the constellation figure he imagined was a shield with a coat of arms on one side, but it was difficult to see the specific shield image.

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