Gaotao (2220 BC－2113 BC),Yan surname(I said:Ying surname）, Gao, whose name is You, and whose name is Tingjian.[25]Ancient ChinaTribal leader, a great statesman, thinker and educator“Ancient Four Saints”（Yao、Shun、YuGaotao), and later generations respected it as the "ancestor of Chinese justice".[1-2]
In 2113 BC, the emperorYuHe died two years ago, at the age of 106, and was buried in the sixth place.The great Yu, mindful of his merits and virtues, granted his descendants in Britain and the June 1st Belt (today's Anhui ProvinceLu'an City）, respectfullyLu'an State(Liao State) and the ancestors of Yan State, as well as the ancestors of the 24 families (Gao Li, Xu Zhao, Bo Yi, Ying Qin, Jiang Huang, Ma Shu, Pei Zhen, Gu Li, Fei Lian, Ruan Luo, Ying Ju, Liang Liao).In the second year of Tianbao (743), it was sealed“DatangEmperor Deming ".
Alias
To blame pottery、皐 pottery、Ying You、皐皐、Responsibility
word
Tingjian
Times
Ancient times
Ethnic groups
Huaxia nationality
one's native heath
Gaotao Village, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province
date of birth
2220 BC
Date of death
2113 BC(Second Year of Emperor Yu)
Key achievements
During the Yao and Shun dynasties, the government was mostly out of its own hands, and five punishments and five religions were practiced To be a scholar, manage the people, and make laws and prisons
Gaotao (g ã o y á o), also known as Ji ù y á o, has two statements about the place of birth, one isShao HaoZhixu (today's ShandongQufuPeople, another is ShanxiHongdong CountyPeople from Gaotao Village.Correspondingly, there are two versions of Gao Tao's surname, one is Yan[6-7], said asYing surname。As a scholar in the Yao Dynasty[3-5]Guan died at the age of 106.Future generations serve as administrators, and future generations becomeLi's(The ancient people took Ye as their surname, which dates back to the Shang Dynasty. According to the earliest literature, Qi called the prison officer "Li" in the Warring States Period[8], "Dali" first appeared in the Han Dynasty).
In about 2113 BC, Gao Tao's pawn was buried in Liu (l ù). It is said that his fief was Gaocheng (now Anhui ProvinceLu'anCity), the latest archaeological discovery is that descendants of Gaotao were granted the state of Liao.Emperor of Tang DynastyIt is believed that Gaotao is the ancestor of the Li family.tang xunzongIn the second year of Tianbao (743 AD), the title of "Deming Emperor" was granted, namely“DatangEmperor Deming, or Tang Deming for short, was born in ShandongQufu, probably buried in Gaocheng (today's Lu'an City, Anhui Province).
Legend has it thatYao and ShunPeople of the time, Shun appointed managementCriminal administrationTaxis.Zuo Yuping made great contributions to the soil and water. Later Yu granted his descendants Ying (the Ying surname, now Anhui)Lu'anWest), Six (today's Lu'an, Anhui)·Quoted from《A Dictionary of Chinese History》(Shanghai Dictionary Press, 2010 Edition) Page 2475[9]。[10]
Key achievements
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Gao Tao andGao XinThe deed ofminister of agriculture under legendary ShunAssisting Da Shun together, he became a person of profound influence in the history of China's pre Qin period.He created punishments and prisons, and advocated the idea of "making clear punishment and education, and transforming people" to formulate, improve and enrich all kinds of laws and regulations for China in various periods for more than 4000 yearslegal systemIt has laid a solid foundation and was historically known as the "Saint Minister".
During the Yao and Shun dynasties, he served as a scholar and a justice officer, responsible for the punishment, prison and rule of law of the clan regime, namely, the sheriff.Gao Tao was appointed as an official who mastered the criminal law and assisted Yu, the consul, in handling leadership affairs.Yu ascended the throne and was selected as the successor by Yu.But Gao Tao died before the Emperor Yu and failed to succeed to the throne[11]。Gao Tao is as famous as Yao, Shun and Dayu“Ancient Four Saints”One, honored as the "ancestor of Chinese justice"[12]。
Portrait of Gao Tao[27]
Gao Tao "Ming YuFive punishments, YibiFive Cults”He advocates that the five punishments should be in the auxiliary position, and those who have committed extreme acts or crimes should be first told to reason, not listen to indoctrination, and then brought to justice."Five religions" are: father righteousness, mother kindness, brother friendship, brother courtesy, son filial piety.It is intended to educate people to understand and abide by the most basic relationships, so that people can be friendly and humble to each other, know what to do and what not to do, so as to achieve a harmonious society without criminal acts and achieve long-term stability.So,ShunGao Tao was highly praised: "As a teacher, you are clear about the five punishments, and you should uphold the five religions and expect to be punished. The punishment should be in the five punishments, and the people should be in the middle of the sentence. Time is merit. How wonderful!"
Gaotaolegal thoughtIt has the following characteristics[13]: FirstGermany and FranceCombination, that is, combination of morality and lawRule of Virtue and Rule of LawIn combination, "knowing the five punishments and establishing the five religions" explains this truth;SecondPeople oriented thoughtThat is to say, it emphasizes the importance, love and benefit of the people, pays attention to people's livelihood, and listens to the public opinion. "If the people are secure, they will benefit, and the people will cherish", "God is smart, and self is smart" and so on illustrate this truth;Thirdjudicial justice Fairness and justice is the ultimate goal of Gaotao's judiciary,a legendary beast in ancient timesIn essence, the story of prison verdict deifies Gao Tao's judicial activities of selflessness, justice and deity;FourthHarmony of Heaven and ManAs Gao Tao said, "The rank of heaven is polite" and "The destiny is virtuous"“God damns”It is to warn people to follow the law of nature.
Gao Tao helped Yu become a pawncentral plainsHuaxiaThe great leader of.After Yu succeeded to the throne, in order to respectAbdicationGao Tao was elected as the successor and was given full power to handle government affairs.YuAfter his accession to the throne, the Jianghuai countries were dissatisfied with Yu. He visited the Jianghuai River many times and preached Yu's achievements: "I hold a fork in my hand and think the people are the first". He was fearless of hardships and dangers, hard-working, selfless in public, and devoted himself to eliminating flood disasters for the people, so that they could live and work in peace and contentment.At last, Huai Yi was afraid of power and morality, and unanimously supported Yu.Gao Tao has made outstanding contributions to the creation of a prosperous era in China.However, Gao Tao died in the second year of Emperor Yu at the age of 106.After Gao Tao died, Dayu designated his successor as Gao Tao's successor——Boyi。
After Gao Tao died, he was buried inLu'an, which is now Lu'an City, Anhui Province. In ancient times, there was a gaotao tomb called Gongqin.
《Zhou Rites·Record of Official Examination in Winter No. 6[17]
Character influence
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Codification
It is said that Gao Tao made the first "Prison Code" in China. He carved the "Prison Code" on the bark and presented it toShunEmperor Shun thought it was very good and asked Gao Tao to implement it.The Prison Code concluded that killing a companion means serving the law rather than using punishment.
It is recorded in Lunheng Shiying of the Eastern Han Dynasty that the Yamen of the Han Dynasty worshipped Gao Tao statues and decorated Xiezhi pictures, which were later rumored to be“Prison god”。
Gaotao is also the ancestor of the ancient Liu'an State, orXu StateAncestors of the monarch, and ancient timesDongyiOne of the chiefs of the tribe.The monarch of the State of Liao may also be a descendant of Gao Tao.Hongdong CountyGanting TownShishi VillageAlso known as Gaotao VillageOfficial titleIt is rare to name a village with its name."Gao Tao's pawn was buried in the sixth place. Yu granted his youngest son in the sixth place to worship him."（《Imperial century》）"You was granted to Gao and died in Gao." (The Imperial Four Disciplines Complete Book)Gaocheng。Gao Tao tomb is included in the Dictionary of Chinese Places of Interest.Gaotao fiefs Ying and Liu, located in today's Lu'anYingshan、Jinzhai、Huo ShanOne Belt.The descendants of Gaotao gathered in the fief and Shuchengburied hill、Lujiang River、Chaoxian County、Huo Qiu、Huaiyuan、Lingbi、Sixian County、FengtaiBo County is widely distributed throughout the country,Jiangsuprovinceynz Existing in the cityGao surnameMore than 2000 households.
The descendants of Gaocheng, where the heroes of Gaotao live, have built the ancient city into a modern city and rebuilt the tomb of Gaotao.We hope that Gaotao Cemetery will be completed as soon as possibleStone statueTowering into the sky and standing on the bank of the "Tianhe River", it has become a symbolic cultural facility that reflects the cultural taste of New Gaocheng and shows to the worldWest AnhuiGaotao CultureA bright rainbow!
The laws created by Gao Tao are very logical, such as "five codes and five duns", "five punishments and five usages", "five punishments and five usages", "five punishments and three punishments and five usages", "five punishments and five punishments and three residences", etc;It is concise and comprehensive, such as "faint, ink, thief, kill", etc[18]。so-calledGood law, not only good content, but also good logic;In the process of legislation, we should pay attention to the internal logic and emphasize itsGeneral, making the law sparse and easy to implement.This is Gao Tao's way of success in law[18]。What Gao Tao said was ambitious, what Gao Tao did was fair and aboveboard, and his words and deeds were highly unified, so people were convinced[18]。
Gao Tao was once appointed by Shun as the "scholar" in charge of criminal law[3-5], famous for its integrity.Be regarded asChinese justiceAncestor.Shun Zai appointedYuto serve asSikongDuring the flood control, Yu resigned and recommended Ji, Qi and Gao Tao for this position.But Shun still handed over the position to Yu.Shun said to Gao Tao, "Gao Tao, the barbarians invade China. If the villains do evil, you should take the responsibilityJudicial officer(Shi), the punishment should be convincing. The crime of exile can be divided into different levels, but the distance is different.Only by being fair and transparent can we win the trust of the people. "
It is said that Gaotao also uses a kind of Xie ZhiunicornCome to the prison.Xiezhi is similar to a sheep, but has only one horn.It is said that it is very spiritual and has the ability to distinguish between straight and crooked and to identify criminals.When Gao Tao's verdict was in doubt, he released the supernatural animal. If the person was guilty, Xie Zhi would touch him. If he was innocent, he would not.The history books say that Gaotao is Dali, and there is no torture or unjust imprisonment in the world. Those despicable villains are very afraid and flee one after another to make the world peaceful.ShunThe emperor greatly appreciated the achievements of Gao Tao, and his descendants were granted the titles of Six Kingdoms, Britain and other countries.
Culture
Yao, Shun and YuMost of the major political measures of the period were planned by Gao Tao.Gao Tao's brilliant ideas and great achievements in all activities in political, economic, cultural and other fields have formed ChinaAncient timesOfcultural system, namely Gaotao culture.Gaotao culture dominatesChinese nationThe development of culture has promotedSocial civilizationAnd laid the foundation for the emergence of the country.
The content of Gaotao culture is mainly:“Five Cults”。The five religions are "the righteousness of the father, the kindness of the mother, the friendship of the brothers, the mutual respect of the brothers, and the filial piety of the son".Definite“Five Rites”。The five ceremonies are "auspicious, inauspicious, guest, military and fine".ceremoniesThat is, the ritual of offering sacrifices,Ferocious ceremonyIt is a funeral ceremony, and the guest ceremony is a tribal andTribal allianceBetrothal gifts between tribes, between tribes and friendly tribes outside the alliance,military saluteIn order to organize the clan and restrain the masses to become an army,JialiIt is a gift of "food, men and women".Create "five punishments".The five punishments are "armour soldiers, axes and axes, knives and saws, drills and sizesWhipping”。The first soldiers, that is, the crusade against external aggression and internal rebellion;Axes and axes are the punishment of the army and belong to the military law;Knife and saw, death penalty and heavycorporal torture；Drilling is a light punishment;Whipping is a light punishment for misdemeanors.Gao Tao is incustomary lawIt is undoubtedly a great progress and the beginning of China's criminal law to integrate the five punishments on the basis of.Standing“Jiude”。The nine virtues are broadness and boldness (with broadness and principle), gentleness and uprightness (with mild temper and ability to make things happen), willingness and respect (with simplicity and ability to respect virtue), chaos and respect (with talent and ability to make things happen), disturbance and perseverance (with modesty and perseveranceInsights）, straight and gentle (honest but not arrogant), simple and honest (broad and pragmatic), just and tight (bold but not reckless), strong and righteous (strong but not wayward).The "Nine Virtues" formulated by Gao Tao, which includes many aspects such as human endowments, temperament, moral character and talent, is the earliest investigation and selection in China's historyPublic officialsStandards.Pro“the nine degrees of kinship”。The nine ethnic groups are the kinship tribes at the core of the tribal alliance.The tribal alliance was a loose organization, which could not be maintained without reliable support, so pro "nine nationalities" was also an important historical condition at that timePolitical strategy[19]。
The core of Gaotao culture is "rule of law" and“Rule by virtue”The combination of governance and security.
Historical records of the past dynasties recorded that "in the three years of Emperor Shun, Tao was blamedTo execute a sentence”"Gao Tao created prisons and kept laws", "Xia Shu" said: 'Stunned, ink, thieves, kill' Gao Tao's punishment ";Gao Tao said, "Heaven condemns sin, and five punishments and five uses are just right".It can be seen that Gaotao Criminal Law is the earliest systematic and institutionalized criminal law in China, and it is the beginning of the real criminal law in China.Xia DynastyOf“Yu Punishment”, Shang Dynasty“criminal punishments of the Shang Dynasty”AndWestern Zhou DynastyOf“the nine punishments”Or "Lv penalty", all developed from Gaotao penalty.Gao Tao's "five punishments" were earlier thanBabylon, CubaOf《code of hammurabi 》For three or four hundred years, Gao Tao was honored as the "judicial ancestor" of China.Gao Tao's thought of rule of law has played a model role for the legal system of later generations.
He is strict in law enforcement, tries to forgive negligent criminalsDeliberate crimeOr recidivists who do not mend their ways will be severely punished, and those suspected of crimes will be given a lighter punishment. They will be more cautious in killing people and will not hurt the innocent.He is fair in law enforcement, "clear in prison decision", "listen to the prison system", "five punishments and five uses", and even "no torture", "no injustice".He pays attention to education, "knowing the five punishments, establishing the five religions, and hoping to govern them,Serve a sentence without penalty”。He advocates "rule of law" as a supplement to "rule of virtue", hoping to finally realize the great governance situation in which there is no crime in society.
Gao Tao's primary political idea is to implement the rule of virtue.Gao Tao believes that the key to the implementation of the rule of virtue is to improve people's moral cultivation.It emphasizes that the cultivation of the monarch and officials should be from top to bottom, from oneself to others.He proposed that officials should have three, six and nine virtues.Three virtues are required for the officials, six for the princes, and nine for the emperor.If we deal with government affairs with morality, ministers will be united in virtue, and our success will be realized.Only "know people and be good at their duties", have both ability and integrity, and work hardIncorruptible governmentOnly those who are good at governing the country can benefit the people.
The peace of the people depends on the virtue of the monarch and his officials."When Gaotao cultivates virtue, virtue will bring down." The "Zengde Temple" located 5 li east of Gaotao Tomb was built by later generations to commemorate the seeds of Sanren De, which were sown by Gaotao peopleAncient ruins。"Virtue of good life governs the hearts and minds of the people".Because Gao Tao tried his best to carry out the rule of virtue and practice it, so that the world would be peaceful and the people would live in peace. Therefore, the people welcomed him, attached to him, and missed him.So as to create "all the bright and virtuous people in the world are from Yu"ShunThe good situation of "beginning".Pi Rixiu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty《Guiyou Stele》In the article, Gao Tao said: "The virtue of the emperor is equal to that of Shun and Yu, and the morality is superior to that of Ji and Qi."social system, customs, culture and other all-round innovation programs: promote "five religions", set "five ceremonies", set up "five costumes", create "five punishments", be close to "nine nationalities", and establish "nine virtues".All these major measures have been implemented, establishing normal social order, strengthening the ties and harmony between tribes, and laying the foundation for the emergence of the country.
Gao TaoLeisi, for developmentagricultural productionHas made great contributions.In his later years, he assisted Dayu in flood control, and Gao Tao achieved great success through hard work.Historical Records·Yin Benji》According to Tang Hao, "Gu Yu and Gao Tao have worked hard outside for a long time, and they have made contributions to the people. The people are safe. The east is the river, the north is the economy, the west is the river, and the south is the Huai River,Four blasphemiesHaving been repaired, all people have their own homes. "Gao Tao assisted Yu in flood control. "It is better to make people follow Yu than to punish them."legal meansEnsure the successful completion of the water control project.It's from HuaiyuanTushanA celebration ceremony was held to celebrate the success of harnessing the flood: "Meeting the princes in Tushan and holding the jade and silk to all countries." The ancestors of Huaiyi not only advanced in agriculturecentral plainsRegion, and inhandicraft industryChinese pottery,tool of productionManufacturing andmetal smelting Technology and other aspects are also in a leading position.Due to Gao Tao's brilliant plan and great assistance, the Yao, Shun and Yu era had a prosperous time and entered the "early national stage".
Anecdotes and allusions
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Gao Tao Made Prison
Gao Tao advocated that "punishment should not be imposed on his heirs, and rewards should be extended to the world. There should be no great forgiveness, no small punishment, only light punishment, and only heavy merit".This passage means that when a person commits a crime, his descendants should not be implicated;If we appreciate merit, we should never lose it for generations.Those who commit negligent crimes should be treated leniently even if they are a little serious;They should also be severely investigated for intentional crimes;aboutCriminal factsIf there is something unclear, we must take it lightly;Those who have rendered meritorious service to the country should be given preferential rewards even though the facts are questionable.This passage is really incisive and penetrating, which shines with simpleDialecticsBrilliant thoughts on punishment and imprisonmentLegal workerIt is also of high reference value.
It is said that Gao Tao is very good at handling prison cases and became a pawnScholars and teachersLater, when encountering a difficult case, he let the mythical beast Xiezhi (unicorn) touch him straightly with his horn. If the unicorn fights against anyone, he will lose the lawsuit.With the help of Gao Tao, Emperor Shun managed the world in an orderly way, and a peaceful and prosperous age emerged, in which all the people were able to pick up what was left of them.So Shun decided to pass the throne to Gao Tao, but Gao Tao died prematurely due to overwork.A great patriotic poetQu YuanOn《LiSao》Zhong Sheng praised Gao Tao's achievements: "TangYuBe strict and seek harmony, and be able to adjust your mistakes. "SincerelyYi YinTang's good minister, Gui You is Gao Tao.Poetically, both Cheng Tang and Xia Yu were able to respect and agree with the people who helped them govern the world, and Yi Yin and Gao Tao were able to work together with their monarchs.Mencius·Master Teng Wen》Chinese, also recorded the great writerMenke"Yao was worried about Shun, and Shun was worried about Yu and Gao Tao." Li Bai, a poetic immortal, also wrote poems to eulogize: "Why don't Gao Tao embrace the eight poles and go straight to the sky to sweep the clouds?" He hoped that Gao Tao would come back and sweep away all the evil and injustice in the world.
Since Gao Tao has made great contributions to the prison administration and had a far-reaching impact, all prisons since ancient times have regarded him as the god of prison, built temples and statues, and both prison officials and prisoners must worship him.It is recorded in the Chapter of Boarding Houses that "Gaotao temples are set up in the jails of all counties and prefectures today, which are worshipped at that time and built since the Han Dynasty."
Xiezhi decides the prison
It is said that Gaotao used a unicorn called Xiezhi to decide the prison.This mistletoe is a little like a goat, but it has only one horn.It is said that it has the ability to distinguish between straight and crooked and to identify criminals.When Gao Tao's verdict was in doubt, he released the supernatural animal. If the person was guilty, Xie Zhi would touch him. If he was innocent, he would not.History books say that Gaotao is Dali, and there is no torture or unjust imprisonment in the world[20]。
This legend cannot be verified, but Xiezi, as a symbol of traditional Chinese law, has been respected by all dynasties.According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,cap worn by a judgestayChu StateIt became fashionable, and the law enforcement officials of the Qin Dynasty also wore this hat.In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao Pottery Statue and Xiezhi Map became indispensable ornaments in the yamen, while Xiezhi Crown was titledCrownTherefore, the law enforcement officer is also called Xiezhi, and this habit has continued.In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial envoys were superviseda provincial official equivalent to today's chief prosecutor of a high courtAll the supervisory and judicial officials wear Xiezhi hats, and before and after wearing them are embroidered with Xiezhi patternsTonic clothing。Therefore, the unicorn has always been used as the symbol of criminal law and supervision institutions of all dynasties[20]。
"Five Emperors, Three Kings, Gao TaoConfucius, the sage of man. "（《On Balance》）
Gao Tao was a great politician, thinker, educator in ancient times, one of the "Four Sages of Ancient Times", and recognized as the "originator of justice" in the history circle.Gaotao culture isChinese nationtraditional cultureThe treasure of is the precious spirit left to future generationscultural heritage。Gao Tao's thought is one of the important sources of Confucian academic thought. Its subject "rule by law" and "rule by virtue" are different from today's "rule by law" and“Rule by virtue”It has historical origins.
Gao Tao's main achievements: formulating criminal law and education, helping Yao, Shun and Yu to implement the "five punishments" and "five religions".Use unicorn Xie Zhi to rule the prison, and adhere to justice;The combination of punishment and education requires the father to be righteous, the mother to be kind, the brother to be friendly, the brother to be respectful, and the son to be filial, so as to make society harmonious,Great governance under heaven。Although historians have different opinions when evaluating Gao Tao, their understanding of Gao Tao as the "ancestor of Chinese law" is surprisingly consistent.[21]
Gao Tao, Yao, ShunYuSame as“Ancient Four Saints”He was a scholar during the reign of Emperor Shun, equivalent to the national sheriff.Gao Tao was also a great statesman, thinker and educator in ancient times. He was recognized as the "ancestor of justice" by the historians and judicial circles. His ideas of "rule of law" and "rule of virtue" have a historical origin with today's "rule of law" and "rule of virtue". The judicial activities and legal thoughts in Gao Tao's culture have a historical relationship with ancient Chinalegal cultureHas an important impact.Gao Tao was also regarded as the god of prison by later generations. He helpedEmperor ShunHe managed politics, controlled water and developed production, and made great contributions to the integration of the Yi Xia and the later formation of the Chinese nation.
When Yu managed the flood successfully, the world respected him as a god and a "great Yu"“Shenyu”He is as famous as heaven and earth, so called "Tian Da", "Di Da" and "Yu Da".At that time, people even called the whole China“Yuyu”It means that the Great Yu governs the country, so all the good wishes of harnessing rivers and defeating floods are pinned on the Great Yu."To open Jiuzhou, to pass through Jiudao, to be surrounded by JiuzeJiushan”Dayu almost became an omnipotent god.
《Shangshu》He said, "Yu leveled the soil and water, and the main name is mountains and rivers."《Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals》Cloud: "Beautiful Yugong! Ming virtue is far away. Wei Yu, my fish!"《Redords of the Grand History of China》Zhong also said: "Dayu leveled the water and soil, and made great contributions to the world."
Related disputes
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Life experience
actually,Great causeNot the same person as Gao Tao: In the history books, it is only said that "the descendants of Gaotao were granted the title of Ying and Liu", not that their son was Boyi;Boyi and Boyi in history are not the same person.In fact, Yi and Boyi are one person.stayFive Emperors' HistoryThere are records of Bo Yu in China about Da Yu[22]。Therefore, Boyi is benefit, and it is wrong to distinguish them by force.
Tang Linbao《Yuanhe surname compilation》The origin of the Li family is recorded in Gao Tao's life story: EmperorZhuan XuA descendant of Gao Yang.Zhuan Xu made great achievements.The New Book of the Tang Dynasty · ClanPedigree table》As a female Chinese, female students are responsible for（Press: Gao Tao), who was an official of Yao, a descendantBecause of surnameLi Shiyun.remote descendantsSymptomsOffend Zhou.His son, Li Zhen, fled to the ruins of the Yi Marquis. He ate wood and got everything, so he changed his surname to Li.Li Zhen, an old gentleman of the eleventh generation, was named Boyang and lived in Qurenli, Lai Township, Kuxian County.Zeng Suntan gave birth to two sons: Chong and Ji.Chong Zi JuLongxi, JizijuZhaojun。（Luo ZhenyuYun: "The case" Lineage Table "is not in line with the following works: 'Hong, the grandson of the ear, Hong's great grandson Tan, and Tan's four sons: Chong, Bian, Zhao, Ji'.".Sun Zhongxiang of the Five Dynasties was revered, and Bokao was born.Bo examinee Shang.Shang Sheng Li Guangya.Guanghou later gave birth to Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty.
Song Zhengqiao《Tongzhi · Clan Strategy》There are also relevant records in: the surname of Li and Ying.Gao Yang, Chan Daye, Da YeshengFemale Chinese, Female Huasheng Gao Tao（Press: Gaotao also acts as a "blame pottery", "blame you"Ying You）, with the word Tingjian, was Yao Dali, and the official appointed the family Li.The seasons of Xia and Shang are reasonable, and they are called "Central Wu Bo".He refused to accept the Zhidao and offended Zhou. His wife, "Qihe", and his son, Lizhen, fled to the ruins of the Yi Marquis.Eat wood and get everything.So he changed "Li" to Li.Sun Laojun of the 11th generation of Lizhen, whose name is Er and whose name is Boyang, is also called Dan Eranother name of Lao-tzu, HomeKuxian CountyLai Xiangqu Renli.Or Yandan VI Zushuo Zong,King Kang of ZhouThe food was collected from Kuxian County.Dan's great grandson Tan was born in Chong and Ji.Chong's descendants live in Longxi, and Ji's descendants live in Zhaojun.
Sun Zhongxiang of the Five Dynasties was revered, and Bokao was born.Bo examinee Shang.Still alive and wide.You Xu, BingLinkTrust , Du, Hu, Hong, GuoMa's、Xian Yu's surnameZhang, AbuA dropShi, Sheri, DongRoche, Zhu Xie, who took credit for it, took the surname Li from the Tang State.【Zheng Qiaoyin: The 20th year of the reign of King Liangwu of the Li family(Press：Li Hao, born in 351, died in 417, with the name of Xuansheng, small character of Changsheng, Han nationality, LongxiEpochPeople, yesLi ChangYour posthumous son,the Sixteen Kingdomsperiodwestern liangCreated by）For three hundred years, the Emperor Gaozu had the power to support the people, and his descendants would be numerous.howeverGenealogyThere have been many discussions. I don't know where they started. They took Li Guan as their surname, and Shi Muzi as their surname. What's the reason?Those who take officials as their surname have this reason. Those who take Shi Muzi as their surname, and those who take Li as their homonym, have no reason, and can't start from now. Let's follow the reason and include them in the official list.]【Zheng Qiao pressed again: The Tang family has the world, and must have a clear pedigree.Naturally“Epoch”After order (pressLi Shang, the Cheng Jiling, was the son of Li Bokao, the governor of Longxi and Hedong prefectures in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, and was born to Li Guang, according to the New Book of the Tang Dynasty.He once served as a governor of Longxi.In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were three Li Shang who were seen in the history books.A Li is still hereEmperor Cheng of the Han DynastyFormerSundgau prefect.Another one participated《Writings of Prince Huainan》Compiled by the King of HuainanLiu AnOne of the "Huainan Bagong" under the door.The three Li Shang lived in a similar age, so it's not sure whether they were three or one），To send a message；since“Epoch”Before order，To spread doubt。Family of Genealogy，Half faith and half suspicion。"Shang" is the order of "Chengji". Since he lived there, he became a Chengji person in Longxi, so Li was called Longxi.]【Zheng Qiao pressed again: In all the fourteen generations since the Ming Emperor, the kings did not go out and share rooms, and the descendants did not see them.At the beginning of the Tang Dynastyyejong The descendants all made the officials to govern the people, and then made contributions to the people. Therefore, there was a writer, and later it was also grand.And with the heavenly familydescendants of an emperorHe is wise enough to make him come out of the world, be close to the world, and know the difficulties of farming,SoThere were many meritorious officials and scholars. Although Zhongzong changed after martial arts, Tang Zuo did not decline.Since the Ming Dynasty, all the sons and grandchildren of the emperor have become skillful because of the wealth and lust.If the branches and leaves are scattered, there will be no pyrene in the root, so the Tang Dynasty has been in a slump since the Ming Dynasty.In this view, the Zhou family will enjoy the country for a long time.It is appropriate.]
According to Zuo Zhuan, Wengong and the Eighteenth Year of WengongGao YangEight talented people, Cang Shu, Zhang Yi, Tao Fen, Da Lin, Liang Jiang, Ting Jian, Zhong RongShudaQi Shengguangyuan, Ming Yun Tu Cheng, the people of the world call itBakke 。……So far as Yao was concerned, Yao could not be promoted.Shun, Chen and Yao, give eight victories to lead the future. "It shows that Gao Tao was a scholar and minister during the Yao and Shun periods.
According to Zuo Zhuan, Wen Gong and Wen Gong's Five Years: "Winter, ChuYoung Master XieWhen Zang Wenzhong heard that Liu and Liao were exterminated, he said, 'Gao Tao and Tingjian don't sacrifice to Kuzhu.If virtue is not built and people are helpless, what a pity! '"
Du YuHe said, "Both Polygonum and Six are responsible for the later."
Du Note: "Tingjian is the Gaotao character."《Historical record justice》Solution: "Gao Tao has the word Tingjian."
According to textual research, Gao Tao and Ting Jian are not the same person, and they have different surnamesYaoAt that time, people did not have words, so did Gao Tao. Du's annotations and justice were both wrong.
Among them, the State of Liao was granted by descendants of Gao Tao, which has been verified by the archaeological institute.However, Gaotao and Tingjian should be two people. Tingjian is not the name of Gaotao.According to the Records of the Historian, the Five Emperors' HistoryQinghua Bamboo Slips《Thick parent》The chapter has the following words: "After the enlightenment, the emperor can't be afraid of the lack of virtue of the enlightenment, and he will be the minister of the imperial court.".[23]Gao Tao should have held an official post in the era of Qi.Gao Tao andBoyiAt the same time, we should work independently, which also shows that Gao Tao is notBoyiFatherGreat cause。
hometown
It is said that Gao Tao was born in Gaotao Village, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province.Gao Tao, as the "ancestor of Chinese justice", created "five punishments" and "nine religions" when he was in Dali (the company). There was no torture or unjust imprisonment in the world. Those despicable villains were very afraid.Emperor Shun greatly appreciated the achievements of Gao Tao and granted him a place in Gaocheng, which is now Lu'an City, Anhui Province.In this regard, Gaotao became the ancestor of the ancient Liu'an State, so today Liu'an (Gaocheng) is called the hometown of Gaotao.
Offspring
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actually,Great causeHe is not the same person as Gao Tao: in the history books, it is only said that "the descendants of Gao Tao were granted the title of Ying and Liu", not that his son wasBoyi；Yihe Gaotao was in the same period.Boyi and Boyi in history are not the same person.Boyi should be the son of Daye.[24]In fact, Yi and Boyi are one person.There is a record of Bo Yu about Da Yu in the Five Emperors' Chronicle[22]。Therefore, Boyi is benefit, and it is wrong to distinguish them by force.
Ancient records,Boyi(Boyi) Be able to tame birds and animals, deal with danger, and eat to win（ShandongprovinceLaiwu ）；Ci Zhongzhen, Shi Xia, Feng Liu (Lu'an City, Anhui Province);The second time, Yanhou (west of Qufu, Shandong) ate in Chu.Boyi was granted in the ruins of Shaohao and became the ancestor of all the winners. Later generations, he was famous all over the worldFirst Emperor of QinYing Zheng is the descendant of Bo Yi, who was originally the livestock officer of Shun, and was granted the surname "Ying" because of his contribution to raising horses.King Xiao of ZhouAt that time, after Boyi, nutritious animals were granted the title of "Qin Yi", known as“Qin Ying”。Descendants of BoyiCepheid。
King Miao of Zhou wrote an article to take the lead and offered King Miao on a horse. The king used his father to fight and attackKing Xu Yan, break it.He still gave the Cepheid Zhao Cheng, thusZhao's，Zhaocheng(Hongdong County, Shanxi ProvinceZhaocheng Town）, the city of the ancient Cepheid,Zhao Ancestors.The second son, who lived in summer, was later granted Lu'an.Therefore, the Ying and Liu surnames were descendants of Gao Tao's youngest son;The Ying surname and other surnames such as Shu, Xu, Ruan, Jiang, Huang, Liang, Zhao, Xiao, Fei, and Ju are descendants of Boyi.
Later Yu recommended Boyi as the successor.After Yu was based on Gao TaoGreat causeHe was chosen as the successor and was entrusted with administration.But Daye died before he succeeded to the throne, and Yu recommended himBoyiAs the successor, he also granted power to Boyi, and granted Xuanzhong the territory of the river to his son born to Boyi and the daughter of Emperor Shun (meaning that all the regions where the river flows through are the territory of Xuanzhong), and also granted Fei, Ying, Liu, Yan and other areas to other descendants of Gaotao;Xuanzhong'sJiangguoHefei, Ying, Liu, Xu, etcfeudal princes who pay allegiance to a common sovereignIt formed a large group of Fang States with the surname Ying, which existed mostly until the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later destroyed by the State of Chu. Therefore, Qin and Chu became feuds. Before Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the State of Chu becamethe Qin stateThe most visited country.Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took the ancestor of the Li family as Gao Tao, and in the second year of Tianbao (743 AD), he was awarded the title of "Emperor Deming".
The descendants include Gao Tao, Gao, Tao, Ruan, and so on. Gao Tao is also one of these surnamesTake a surnameAncestors.Today, there is a gaotao tomb in the east of Lu'an City, which was built from Xia, Shang, Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Periodthe Qin state、Zhao 、Jiangguo、Huangguo、Xu State、Philadelphia, Yanguo, BritainLu'an State、Xiao State、Ruan State、liang 、Ju StateThe nobles of the vassal states with the surname Ying are all descendants of their ancestor Boyi.
Commemoration for future generations
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Gaotao Tomb[19]
The graves of Gaotao are still here todayAnhuiNorth side of Wanxi Avenue, Lu'an Economic and Technological Development Zone.According to《Commentary on Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals·According to the book "There is a gaotao tomb in the east of Lu'an City".Gaotao Tomb is located 7.5km east of Lu'an City, from Lu'an toHefeiThe former site of Gaotao Temple is 15 meters to the north of the road and 35 meters to the northeast.
Gaotao quiltConfuciusIt is listed as one of the "Four Saints" in ancient times. According to the Records of the Historian, Soyin:“Lu'an StateLu'an, blame the laterYan surnameplacea feudal state”Therefore, Lu'an is called Gaocheng.The Gaotao tomb is a round earthen tomb with a circumference of 97 meters, a height of 6.2 meters, and a diameter of 4 meters on the top of the tombPistacia chinensisOne in the shape of a canopy, in front of the tomb is the year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1869), AnhuiChief ExecutiveWu KunxiuA tablet inscribed with "Ancient Gao Tao Tomb" in calligraphy is 1.82m high and 0.92m wide.Published in 1981 asLu'an Countya keyCultural relics protection unit, wasShanghai Lexicographical Publishing House Included in the Dictionary of Chinese Scenic Spots.
