Electric truck is used to transport goodsElectric vehicleAt present, there are two general names of Type A, one is a highway high-speed vehicle with battery as power source and can be licensed;The other is a low-speed transfer vehicle that can only be used in the plant area and cannot be photographed by motor vehicles. The second is a modern environmental protection vehicle designed to solve the problem of cargo transportation in small areas such as factories and docks.The common deadweight tonnage varies from 0.5 to 4 tons, and the width of the cargo box ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 meters.At present, the maximum number of on-site vehicles produced by the largest manufacturer on the market can reach 15T, and a variety of models including single axle single drive, double axle single drive and double axle double drive are available for selection.
The existing electric freight cars in China are roughly divided into two types: one is flat type, the other is box type. The flat type can be divided into semi open type (fully enclosed or semi enclosed cab) and fully open type (no cab). The box type can also be divided into fully enclosed type and semi enclosed type.
Product features
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In general, the size and load capacity of electric freight cars can be customized according to the actual needs of customers. In order to meet the actual needs of customers, most electric freight cars use foreign advanced motor and control technology, which makes them have the characteristics of large load capacity and more powerful power. Large capacity batteries ensure their extra long driving range,Super strong chassis design makes its safety performance more stable.
System characteristics and advantages of the electric truck: the electric truck is equipped with a professional industrial truck frame, which is rust and corrosion resistant, and has a more solid structure, so that the service life of the electric truck can be longer.
Electric truckDrive axleThe combined rear axle with unique design effectively reduces the vibration of the chassis and the noise of the motor, making driving more pleasant and reducing pollution.
parameter
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project
parameter
Overall dimension (mm)
3800*1430*1910
Rear compartment size (mm)
2400 (L) * 1430 (W)
Number of passengers (person)
two
Load capacity (kg)
one thousand
Maximum continuous mileage (km)
60-80
Maximum gradient (km)
20%*12
Maximum speed (km/h)
twenty-five
Turning radius (m)
five point two
battery charger
Special intelligent charger
Battery pack (V)
forty-eight
Motor power (w)
three thousand
working principle
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Battery - current - electric regulator - motor - power transmission system - driving the vehicle
Main structure
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form
The composition of electric vehicle includes: electric drive and control system, driving force transmission and other mechanical systems, working devices to complete the established tasks, etc.Electric drive and control system is the core of electric vehicle and the biggest difference from internal combustion engine vehicle.The electric drive and control system is composed of the drive motor, the power supply and the speed control device of the motor.Other devices of electric vehicles are basically the same as those of internal combustion engine vehicles.
Power Supply
It provides electric energy for the driving motor of the electric vehicle, and the motor converts the electric energy of the power supply into mechanical energy.The most widely used power supply isLead acid batteryHowever, with the development of electric vehicle technology, lead-acid batteries are gradually replaced by other batteries due to their low energy, slow charging speed and short life.The main power sources under development areSodium sulfur battery、Nickel cadmium batteryThe application of these new power supplies has opened up a broad prospect for the development of electric vehicles.
Drive motor
The role of the drive motor is to convert the electrical energy of the power supply into mechanical energy, and drive the wheels and working devices through the transmission device or directly.DC series motor is widely used in electric vehicles, which has "soft" mechanical characteristics and is very consistent with the driving characteristics of vehicles.butDC motorDue to the existence of reversing spark, the power is small, the efficiency is low, and the maintenance workload is large;With the development of motor control technologyDC brushless motor（BLDCM）、switched reluctance motor (SRM) and communicationasynchronous motorReplaced by, such as disk type axial magnetic field DC without shellSeries motor。
Motor speed control device
The motor speed control device is set for the speed change and direction change of the electric vehicle. Its function is to control the voltage or current of the motor and complete the control of the driving torque and rotation direction of the motor.
On the early electric vehicles,DC motorThe speed regulation of the motor is realized by connecting the resistance in series or changing the number of turns of the magnetic field coil of the motor.Because its speed regulation is stepwise, and will produce additional energy consumption or the structure of the motor is complex, it is rarely used now.Thyristor chopper speed regulation is widely used to realize stepless speed regulation of motor by uniformly changing the terminal voltage of motor and controlling the current of motor.With the continuous development of electronic power technology, it is gradually replaced by other power transistors (such as GTO, MOSFET, BTR and IGBT) chopper speed regulating devices.From the perspective of technology development, with the application of new drive motors, it will become an inevitable trend that the speed control of electric vehicles is transformed into the application of DC inverter technology.
In the rotation transformation control of the drive motor,DC motorRelying on the contactor to change the current direction of the armature or magnetic field to realize the rotation direction transformation of the motor, which makes the circuit complex and reduces the reliability.When AC asynchronous motor is used for driving, the change of motor rotation direction only needs to change the phase sequence of the three-phase current of the magnetic field, which can simplify the control circuit.In addition, useAC motorIts frequency conversion speed regulation control technology makes the brake energy recovery control of electric vehicles more convenient and the control circuit more simple.
transmission
The function of the electric vehicle transmission device is to transmit the driving torque of the motor to the drive shaft of the vehicle. When the electric wheel is used for driving, most parts of the transmission device can often be ignored.Because the motor can be started with load, the clutch of traditional internal combustion engine vehicle is not required for electric vehicles.
Since the rotation direction of the drive motor can be changed through circuit control, the electric vehicle does not need an internal combustion engineAutomobile transmissionReverse gear in.When the stepless speed regulation control of motor is adopted, the transmission of traditional vehicles can be ignored for electric vehicles.When the electric wheel drive is adopted, the electric vehicle can also omit the differential of the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle transmission system.
Traveling device
The function of the traveling device is to turn the driving torque of the motor into the force on the ground through the wheel, and drive the wheel to travel.It has the same composition as other cars, including wheels, tires and suspension.
Steering device
The steering device is set to realize the turning of the carSteering gear, steering wheel, steering mechanism, steering wheel, etc.The control force acting on the steering wheel deflects the steering wheel by a certain angle through the steering gear and steering mechanism to realize the steering of the car.Most electric vehicles are front wheel steering, which is used in industryElectric forkliftRear wheel steering is often used.The steering devices of electric vehicles include mechanical steering, hydraulic steering and hydraulic power steering.
brake rigging
The braking device of electric vehicles, like other vehicles, is set for vehicle deceleration or parking, and usually consists of the brake and its control device.
On electric vehicles, there is usually an electromagnetic braking device, which can use the control circuit of the drive motor to realize the power generation operation of the motor, so that the energy during the deceleration braking can be converted into the current for charging the battery, so that it can be recycled.Domestic electric vehicles provide air braking equipment with endurance in high-power passenger vehicles NAILISliding vane air compressor, mainly compressed air braking.
Working device
The working device is specially set for the industrial electric vehicle to complete the operation requirements, such asElectric forkliftLifting device, mast, fork, etc.The lifting of fork and the tilting of mast are usually completed by the hydraulic system driven by motor.
Related technologies
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Technical Overview
An electric vehicle is a vehicle driven by an on-board power supply and driven by a motor, which meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations.It uses electricity stored in the battery to start.Sometimes 12 or 24 batteries are used to drive the car, and sometimes more are needed.
No pollution and low noise
The exhaust gas produced by electric vehicles without internal combustion engines when they work does not produce exhaust pollution, which is very beneficial to environmental protection and air cleanness, almost "zero pollution".As we all know, the pollutants such as CO, HC, NOX, particulates, and odor in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engine vehicles form acid rain, acid mist, andPhotochemical smog。The electric vehicle has no noise generated by the internal combustion engine, and the noise of the motor is smaller than that of the internal combustion engine.Noise affects human hearing, nerve, cardiovascular, digestion, endocrineimmune systemIt is also harmful.
High energy efficiency and diversification
Research on electric vehicles shows that their energy efficiency has exceeded that of gasoline engine vehicles.Especially when running in cities, cars stop and go, and the driving speed is not high,
Electric vehicles are more suitable.The electric vehicle does not consume electricity when it stops. During the braking process, the motor can be automatically converted into a generator to realize the reuse of energy during braking deceleration.Some studies have shown that the same crude oil is roughly refined, sent to the power plant for power generation, charged into the battery, and then driven by the battery. Its energy utilization efficiency is higher than that of refined gasoline, and then driven by the gasoline engine. Therefore, it is conducive to energy conservation and reductioncarbon dioxideDisplacement of.
On the other hand, the application of electric vehicles can effectively reduce the dependence on oil resources, and the limited oil can be used in more important aspects.The power charged to the storage battery can be converted from coal, natural gas, water power, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind power, tide and other energy sources.In addition, if the battery is charged at night, the peak power consumption can be avoided, which is conducive to load balancing of the power grid and cost reduction.
Simple structure and convenient maintenance
Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles have simple structure, less running and transmission parts, and less maintenance work.When using communicationinduction motor The motor does not need maintenance. More importantly, the electric vehicle is easy to operate.
High power, short driving range
The technology of electric vehicles is not as perfect as that of internal combustion engine vehicles. In particular, the life of power supply (battery) is short and the use cost is high.The storage capacity of the battery is small, and the driving distance after one charge is not ideal. The price of electric vehicles is expensive.However, from the perspective of development, with the progress of science and technology and the investment of corresponding human and material resources, the problem of electric vehicles will be gradually solved.The price and use cost of electric vehicles will inevitably decrease as they become more and more popular.
Power grid technology supporting development
The operation characteristics of EV battery replacement station, the key technology and control strategy of the replacement station as a distributed energy storage unit connected to the power grid;Screening principle, grouping method and system scheme of battery cascade utilization;Multi purpose converter in the replacement station;Integrated monitoring system of replacement station and energy storage station;Integrated demonstration project of replacement station and energy storage station.
Electric vehicle charging demand characteristics and the impact of large-scale electric vehicle charging on the grid;Electric vehicle orderly charging control management system;Electric vehicle orderly charging test system.
Control strategies and key technologies for the interaction between electric vehicles and power grids;Electric vehicle intelligenceCharging and discharging motor、Intelligent vehicle terminalAnd electric vehicle and power grid interaction coordination control system;Electric vehicle and power grid interaction experiment verification system;Inspection and testing technology for charging and discharging facilities of electric vehicles.
New charging and discharging technology for electric vehicles;Intelligent charging and discharging control strategy and detection technology for electric vehicles;Key technologies for interactive operation of charging facilities and power grid.
Large scale electric vehicle battery replacement technology, measurement and billing, asset management technology;Business model of charging facility operation;The construction scheme of the operation management system of the intelligent charging and changing service network based on the Internet of Things.
Subsidy policy
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According to a report from London, the British government recently announced that it will extend the subsidy for electric vehicles to 2015, and stipulate that in addition to electric cars, electric trucks can also enjoy government subsidies.Renault and Nissan will be the two major beneficiaries of this policy.
Through subsidies, 5000 pounds (about 48733 yuan) can be saved by purchasing an ordinary car, while 8000 pounds (about 77973 yuan) can be saved by purchasing a truck at most.
Renault claims that it is expected that its recently launched Kangoo ZE electric truck will be eligible for this subsidy.
James Wright, general manager of Nissan Motor UK Branch, said: "Subsidies, together with lower operating costs and tax relief, will make electric trucks more attractive and become a good choice for commercial vehicles.
Renault and Nissan are strategic alliances. The two sides have respectively invested 2 billion euros (about 16.2 billion yuan) in their cooperative electric vehicle projects.
In the UK, 10 electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles have met the government subsidy requirements, and automakers can apply for their electric trucks to be included in the subsidy list before January 31.
According to Renault, the subsidy can reduce the price of a basic Kangoo ZE from 16990 pounds (about 165595 yuan) to 13592 pounds (about 132476 yuan), excluding VAT.Battery and electric car are rented separately, with a monthly rent of 70 pounds (about 682 yuan).
