Telecom, English: Telecom.ElectricityBasicsThe origin of development.On May 17, 1865telecomThe industry has successfully achieved international successTelegraph communicationRepresentatives of 20 European countries including France, Germany, Russia, Italy and AustriaParisSigned the Convention on International Telegraph,International Telegraph Union(International Telegraph Union, ITU) was announced.In 1932, representatives of more than 70 countriesSpainMadridThe meeting was held and it was decided to officially change its name to“international telecommunications union”(InternationalTelecommunicationUnion)。On May 17, 1969, the 24th Administrative Council of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) formally adopted a resolution, deciding to set the founding date of ITU - May 17 as“World Telecommunication Day”And requests all Member States to carry outanniversaryActivities.
In order to meet China's requirements for the scientific research of telecommunications in the 21st century, the trial operation and research and development of equipment access to the network, and to solve the new problems caused by the continuous expansion of China's telecommunications network scale and the continuous increase of new servicesTelecommunication Research InstituteTelecommunication Transmission Research InstituteResponsible for the specific construction and simulation of the current and futuretelecommunication networkRTNetTelecommunication Reference Network）It has passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Information Industry. According to the establishment goal, the RTNet network logic function composition should be as consistent as possible with the current and future China Telecom networks, with a certain representativeness.Thus RTNet establishes a ring network composed of A, B and C3 points, which integratesSDHTransmissionnarrowbandExchange andsignalling, broadband switching, access network and other technologies.RTNet is a non operational network aimed at scientific experiments and detection. Therefore, it uses five switches and eight signaling transfer points to form a network composed of two sets of numbers according to the long-distance network and the local network.
Fixed communicationIt means that the communication terminal equipment and network equipment mainly pass through cables, optical cables and other linesFixed connectionThe main feature of the user to user communication is the non mobility or limited mobility of the terminal, such as commontelephone, IP telephone terminals, fax machines, cordless telephones, networked computers and other telephone network and data network terminal equipment.The fixed communication business here refers specifically to the fixed telephone network communication business and international communication facility service business.
According to the current“telephone networkNumbering standard, the national fixed telephone network is divided into several "long-distance numbering areas", each of which is a local telephone network.Fixed telephone network can adoptCircuit switchingTechnical orPacket switching technology。
Fixed communication services include: fixed networkLocal telephone serviceFixed network domestic long-distance telephone service, fixed network international long-distance telephone service, IP telephone service, and international communication facility service.1. Local telephone service of fixed network
Local telephone service of fixed network refers toLocal telephone network(includingISDNThe telephone service provided in the same long-distance telephone number area.
Fixed network local telephone service includes the following main service types:
- End to end two-way voice service.
－end to endFax service and medium and low speed data service (such as fixed network short message service).
Fixed netLocal telephone serviceOperators must set up their own local telephone network facilities (including wired access facilities), and the types of local telephone services provided can be part or all.The network that provides a local telephone service can be the sameOperatorThe network can also be the network of different operators.2. Fixed network domestic long-distance telephone service
Fixed network domestic long-distance telephone service refers toLong-distance telephone network(including ISDN network)Local telephone networkTelephone service provided between.A local telephone network subscriber can call a local telephone network subscriber in another long distance number area by dialing the domestic long distance prefix and the long distance area code.
The fixed network domestic long-distance telephone service includes the following main service types:
- End to end two-way voice service across toll number area.
- End to end fax service and medium and low speed data service across toll number area.
- Call forwarding across toll number areaThree party call, caller ID display and other supplementary services.
- Through the local telephone networkLong-distance networkThe intelligent network service across the toll number area jointly provided with the intelligent network.
- Cross toll numbering area based onISDNThe bearer service of.
Operators of fixed network domestic long-distance telephone service must set up their own domestic long-distance telephone network facilities, and the types of domestic long-distance telephone service provided can be part or all.Provide a domestic long-distance telephone serviceLocal telephone networkandLong-distance telephone network, can be the sameOperatorThe network of different operators can also be completed together.
3. Fixed network international long-distance telephone service
Fixed network international long-distance telephone service refers to the international telephone service provided by international telephone networks (including ISDN network) between countries or between countries and regions.A certain countrytelephone networkUsers can make additional callsInternational callCoronetAnd the country (region) code to call the telephone network users in another country or region.
The international long-distance telephone service of fixed network includes the following main service types:
- End to end two-way voice service across countries or regions.
- End to end across countries or regionsFax serviceAnd medium and low speed data services.
- Cross national or regional basedISDNThe bearer service of.
The international closed subscriber group voice service provided by the international special line belongs to the international long-distance telephone service of the fixed network.
Operators of fixed network international long distance telephone service must establish their own international long distance telephone service network. Operators without the right to operate international communication facilities service business are not allowed to build international transmission facilities, but must rent the international transmission facilities of operators with the corresponding right to operate.The types of international long-distance telephone service provided can be partial or all.The provision of fixed network international long distance telephone service must be approved by the state to establish an international communication gateway.The local telephone network, domestic long-distance telephone network and international network that provide an international long-distance telephone service can be the sameOperator
The network of different operators can also be completed together.4. IP phone service
IP telephony refers to the use of IP network protocolsIP networkThe telephone service provided by or through the telephone network and IP network.
The IP phone service here refers specifically to the phone phone and PC phone services jointly provided by the phone network and IP network. Its business scope includes domestic long-distance IP phone service andInternational callIP telephone service.IP telephony services in the whole
In the process of information transmission, the intermediate transmission segment adopts IP packet mode.
IP telephony services include the following main types of services:
- End to end fax service and medium and low speed data service.
- Domestic and international long-distance intelligent network services jointly provided with the intelligent network.
The operator of IP phone service must establish its own IP phone service network. Operators without the right to operate international or domestic communication facilities service business must not build international or domestic transmission facilities, and must rent international or domestic transmission facilities from operators with the corresponding right to operate.The types of IP telephony services provided can be partial or all.Provide international IPLong distance telephone serviceThe international communication access must be approved by the state.The network through which IP phone service passes can be the sameOperatorThe network of different operators can also be completed together.
5. International communication facilities service business
International communication facilities refer to the ground transmission network and network elements required for the realization of international communication services.The service business of international communication facilities refers to the business of building, leasing and selling international communication facilities.
International communication facilities mainly include: international land cable, international submarine cable, land entry station, submarine cable landing station, international ground transmission channel, international satellite earth station, domestic extension of international transmission channel, and international communicationnetwork bandwidth , optical communication wavelength, cable, optical fiber, optical cable and other internationalCommunication transmissionFacilities.
The operator of international communication facilities service business shall construct part or all of the physical resources and functional resources of the above international communication facilities in accordance with the relevant national regulations, and may carry out corresponding leasing and selling business activities.
Cellular mobile communication is a cellular wireless networking mode, which connects terminals and network devices through wireless channels, so that users can communicate with each other in activities.It is mainly characterized by terminal mobility andHandoverAnd cross local network automatic roaming function.Cellular mobile communication service refers to the mobile communication serviceBase station subsystemAnd mobileSwitching subsystemSuch devices form the voice, data, video and image services provided by the cellular mobile communication network.
Cellular mobile communicationServices include: 900/1800MHz GSM second generation digital cellular mobile communication service, 800MHz CDMA second generation digital cellular mobile communication service, and third generation digital cellular mobile communication service.
1.900/1800MHz GSM second generation digital cellular mobile communication service
The 900/1800MHz GSM second generation digital cellular mobile communication (GSM mobile communication for short) service refers to the voice and data services provided by the 900/1800MHz GSM mobile communication network.Wireless interface of GSM mobile communication systemTDMATechnology,Core networkMobility ManagementProtocol AdoptionMAP protocol。
900/1800MHz GSM second generation digital cellular mobile communication services include the following main types of services:
- End to end two-way voice service.
- Mobile message service, using the GSM network and message platformMobile stationMessage service initiated and received by mobile station.
- Mobile bearer service and its mobile data service.
- Mobile supplementary services, such asCalling number display, call forwarding services, etc.
- Provided by GSM network and intelligent networkMobile intelligent networkBusiness, such as prepaid business.
- Domestic roaming and international roaming services.
900/1800MHz GSM second generation digitalCellular mobile communicationBusiness operators must set up their own GSM mobile communication network, and the types of mobile communication services provided can be part or all.The network through which a mobile communication service is provided can be the sameOperatorThe network of different operators can also be completed together.The provision of international communication services of mobile networks must be subject to the establishment of international communication entrances and exits approved by the State.
2.800 MHz CDMA second generation digital cellular mobile communication service
800MHz CDMA second generation digital cellular mobile communication (CDMA mobile communication for short) service refers to voice and data services provided by CDMA mobile communication network working in 800MHz band.Wireless interface for CDMA mobile communicationnarrowbandCode Division Multiple AccessCDMA technology,Core networkMobility ManagementProtocol AdoptionIS-41agreement.
800MHz CDMA second generation digitalCellular mobile communicationThe business includes the following main business types:
- Mobile message service, using the CDMA network and message platformMobile stationMessage service initiated and received by mobile station.
- Mobile bearer service and its mobile data service.
- Mobile supplementary services, such asCalling number display, call forwarding services, etc.
- Jointly provided by CDMA network and intelligent networkMobile intelligent networkBusiness, such as prepaid business.
- Domestic roaming and international roaming services.
800MHz CDMA second generation digitalCellular mobile communicationBusiness operators must set up their own CDMA mobile communication networks, and the types of mobile communication services provided can be part or all.The network that provides a mobile communication service can be the sameOperatorThe network of different operators can also be completed together.The provision of international communication services of mobile networks must be subject to the establishment of international communication entrances and exits approved by the State.
3. Third generation digital cellular mobile communication service
The third generation digital cellular mobile communication (3G mobile communication for short) service refers to the voice, data, video and image services provided by the third generation mobile communication network.
The main feature of the third-generation digital cellular mobile communication service is that it can provide mobile broadbandmultimedia service , which supports 144kb/s in high-speed mobile environment, 384kb/s in pedestrian and slow mobile environment, and 2Mb/s data transmission in indoor environment, and ensures high and reliable quality of service（QoS）。Third generation digitalCellular mobile communicationThe service includes all service types andMobile MultimediaBusiness.
The operators of the third generation digital cellular mobile communication services must set up their own 3G mobile communication networks, and the types of mobile communication services provided can be part or all.The network that provides a mobile communication service can be the sameOperatorThe network facilities of different operators can also be completed together.The provision of international communication services of mobile networks must be subject to the establishment of international communication entrances and exits approved by the State.
According to the needs of management, satellite communication services are divided into two categories.The first category of satellite communication services includes:Satellite mobile communicationBusiness, satellite international special line business.
1. Satellite mobile communication service
Satellite mobile communication service refers to the mobile earth station or mobile user on the earth surface using handheld terminals, portable terminals, vehicle (ship, aircraft) terminalsCommunication satellite, gateway earth station and system control centerSatellite mobile communication systemRealize the communication services of users or mobile entities on land, at sea and in the air.
Operators of satellite mobile communication services must set up satellite mobile communication network facilities, and the types of services provided may be part or all.When providing cross-border satellite mobile communication services (one end of the communication is overseas), it must be transferred through the international communication entrance and exit approved by the state.The network that provides satellite mobile communication service can be the sameOperatorThe network of different operators can also be completed together.
2. Satellite international special line service
The satellite international special line service refers to the satellite fixed communication system composed of fixed satellite earth stations and stationary or non stationary satellites, which is provided to usersPoint to pointInternational transmission channels and leased communication lines.There are two types of satellite international special line services: permanent connection and semi permanent connection.
The earth station equipment providing satellite international special line service applications are located in China and abroad, and can be rented or purchased by the end user.
Operators of satellite international special line business must establish their ownsatellite communicationNetwork facilities.
According to the needs of management, data communication services are divided into two categories.The first type of data communication service includes: Internet data transmission service, international data communication servicePublic telegraphandTelexBusiness.
1. Internet data transmission service
Internet data transmission service refers to the service that uses IP technology to transmit IP packets generated by users from the source network or host to the target network or host.
The operator of Internet data transmission service must set up its own Internet backbone network and international Internet access. The operator without the right to operate international or domestic communication facilities service business must not build international or domestic transmission facilities, and must rent international or domestic transmission facilities from the operator with the corresponding right to operate.
The operator of Internet data transmission service canAccess service providerProvide access, or directly provide access to end usersInternet service provider。Provision of Internetdata transferThe network through which the service passes can be the sameOperatorThe network of different operators can also be used to complete.
Internet data transmission service operators can buildUser's local network, wired access network, metropolitan area network and other network facilities.
Internet based international conference video and image service business, internationalClosed user groupIts data service belongs to Internet data transmission service.
International data communication service is between countries or between countries and regionsFrame relayATM and other networks provide users withPermanent virtual circuit(PVC) connection, and data or image transmission services provided by international lines or international special lines.
International conference video service and internationalClosed user groupThe data service of is an international data communication service.
Operators of international data communication services must set up their own international frame relay, ATM and other service networks. Operators without the right to operate international communication facility services are not allowed to build international transmission facilities, but must rent the international transmission facilities of operators with the corresponding right to operate.
The public telegraph service means that the message delivered and sent by the sender is passed by the telegraph officeTelegraph networkTelegram service that is delivered and delivered to the addressee.The public telegraph service is divided into domestic public telegraph service andInternational publicThere are two kinds of telegraph services.
The telex service is a kind of telex service that users directly report to local or domestic and foreign users through the telex network using the telex terminal equipment installed in their own unit or residence or in the business hall of the telegraph office.The telex service is divided into special services according to the mode of useTelexBusiness, public telex business and maritime telex business.
Trunking communication service is composed of trunking communication system with channel sharing and dynamic allocationTrunking communicationShared network, which provides special command and dispatching and other communication services for group users of multiple departments and units.
Trunking communication system is a wireless mobile communication system that realizes multi-user sharing multi-channel according to dynamic channel assignment.The system is generally composed of terminal equipment, base station and centercontrol stationIt is composed of dispatching, group call, priority call, virtual private network, roaming and other functions.
Trunking communication service includes analog trunking communication service and digital trunking communication service.
1. Simulate trunking communication service
The analog cluster communication service refers to the command and dispatching and other communication services provided to group users by the analog cluster communication system.The analog trunking communication system refers to the trunking communication system that uses analog modulation to communicate at the wireless interface.
The operator of analog trunking communication service must establish its own analog trunking communication service network. Operators without the right to operate domestic communication facilities service business shall not build domestic transmission network facilities, but must rent the transmission facilities of operators with the corresponding right to operate to establish a business network.
2. Digital trunking communication service
Digital trunking communication service refers to the command and dispatching and other communication services provided to group users by digital trunking communication system.Digital trunking communication system refers to the trunking communication system that uses digital modulation to communicate at the wireless interface.
Digital trunking communication services mainly include dispatching command, data, telephone (includingCluster networkInterworking telephone or telephone between trunking network and public network).
The operator of digital trunking communication service must provide dispatching command service, as well as data service, telephone service interworking in trunking network and a small amount of telephone service interworking between trunking network and public network.
The operator of digital trunking communication service must establish its own digital trunking communication service network. The operator without the right to operate domestic communication facility service business shall not build domestic transmission network facilities, but must rent the transmission facilities of the operator with the corresponding right to operate to establish a business network.
（2） Wireless paging service. Wireless paging service refers to the use ofRegional systemWireless paging systemOn the radio paging frequency point, the system center (including the paging center and the base station) transmits information to the terminal in a one-way way by broadcasting.The wireless paging service can be manually or automatically connected.Within the roaming service range, the paging system shall be able to provide users with paging roaming services that are not subject to geographical restrictions.
Depending on the terminal type and the content sent by the system, the wireless paging user can receive digital display information, Chinese character display information or voice information within the service range of the wireless paging system.
The operator of wireless paging service must set up its own wireless paging network. The operator without the right to operate domestic communication facilities service business must not build domestic transmission network facilities, and must rent the transmission facilities of the operator with the corresponding right to operate to set up a business network.
（3） Category II satellite communication service. Category II satellite communication service includes:Satellite transponderLeasing, selling business, domesticVSATEarth station（VSAT）Communication service.
1. Leasing and selling of satellite transponders
The business of leasing or selling satellite transponders refers to leasing or selling its own or leased satellite transponder resources (including one or more complete transponders, part of the transponder bandwidth, etc.) to users in the People's Republic of China according to the needs of users, so that users can use the satellite transponder resources leased or purchased for themselves or others in ChinaThe organization provides services.
The business operator of leasing or selling satellite transponders can use its own or leased satellite transponder resources to carry out corresponding business activities of leasing or selling in China.
2. DomesticVSATEarth station（VSAT）Communication service
The domestic VSAT communication service refers to the use ofSatellite transponderThrough the management and control of the VSAT communication system central station, voice, data, video and image transmission services between the central station and VSAT end users (earth stations), and between VSAT end users are realized in China.
The earth station composed of very small aperture antenna and earth station terminal equipment is called VSAT earth station.VSAT system consists of satellite transponder, central station and VSAT earth station.
The operator of domestic VSAT earth station communication service must set up a VSAT system to provide voice, data, video and image transmission services between the central station and VSAT terminal users (earth stations), and between VSAT terminal users in China.
1. Fixed network domestic data transmission service Fixed network domestic data transmission service refers to the first categorydata transferOutside the service, the domestic service is provided in the fixed network in a wired wayend to endData transmission service.Mainly based onAsynchronous transfer modeATM data transmission service of (ATM) network, based onX.25Packet switched networkX.25 data transmission service based onDigital Data Network（DDN）DDN data transmission service based onFrame relayNetwork frame relay data transmission service, etc.
Fixed network domestic data transmissionBusiness operators can establish the above data transmission network based on different technologies. Operators without the right to operate domestic communication facilities service business are not allowed to build domestic transmission network facilities, but must rent the transmission facilities of operators with the corresponding right to operate to establish business networks.
Wireless data transmission service refers to the aboveBasic telecommunication serviceProvided wirelessly and not included in the entryend to endData transmission service, which can provide roaming service, is generally regional.
The operator of wireless data transmission service must establish its ownWireless data transmissionThe operator without the right to operate domestic communication facilities service business shall not build domestic transmission network facilities, and must rent the transmission facilities of the operator with the corresponding right to operate to establish a business network.
（5） Network access service. Network access service refers to the network service node interface (SNI) or user provided in wired or wireless modenetwork interface(UNI) connected access services.Network access service here refers to wireless access serviceUser's local networkBusiness.
Wireless access service refers to the network access service provided in a wireless way, which specifically refers to the wireless access method for the terminal user to provide the fixed network (including the fixed telephone network and the Internet).Wireless accessNetwork locationFor the part between the fixed network service node interface (SNI) and the user network interface (UNI), the transmission medium adopts the wireless mode of air propagation in whole or in part, and the user terminal does not contain mobility or only contains limited mobility.
The wireless access service operator must set up wireless access network facilities between the fixed network service node interface (SNI) and the user network interface (UNINetwork element rentalAnd the sale of business.
2. User resident network service
User's local networkThe service refers to the network access service provided by the relevant network facilities of the user's local network (CPN) connected to the public network in a wired or wireless manner.
User's local network refers to the usernetwork interface(UNI) to the user terminal.According to the management needs, the user resident network here refers to the relevant network facilities from the user resident business concentration point to the user terminal.The user residence can be a residential area, or one or several adjacent office buildings, but does not include the access network within the metropolitan area.
The user resident network business operator must establish the user resident network by himself and can carry outResident networkwithinNetwork element rentalOr the sale of business.
（6） Domestic communication facilities service business. Domestic communication facilities refer to the ground transmission network and network elements required to realize domestic communication business.Domestic communication facilities service business refers to the business of building, leasing and selling domestic communication facilities.
Domestic communication facilities mainly include: optical cable, cable, optical fiber, metal wire, node equipment, line equipment, microwave station, domestic satellite earth station and other physical resources, and domestic communication transmission facilities composed of bandwidth (including channels, circuits), wavelength and other functional resources.
The domestic leased line circuit leasing service business belongs to the domestic communication facility service business.
The domestic communication facility service business operator shall construct part or all of the physical resources and functional resources of the above domestic communication facilities in accordance with the relevant national regulations, and may carry out corresponding leasing and selling business activities.
（7） Network trusteeship business. Network trusteeship business refers to the domestic network, network elements or equipment owned or leased by the user under the entrustment of the user, including providing users with services such as equipment placement, network management, operation and maintenance, as well as providing users with management and maintenance services for interconnection and other network applications.
（1） Online data processing and transaction processing business. Online data and transaction processing business refers to the business of providing users with online data processing and transaction/transaction processing through the communication network by using various data and transaction/transaction processing application platforms connected to the communication network.Online data and transaction processing services include transaction processing serviceselectronic data interchangeBusiness and network/electronic equipment data processing business.
Transaction processing business includes various banking business, stock trading, ticket trading, auction commodity trading, fee payment, etc.
Network/electronic equipment data processing refers to the business of controlling and processing the electronic equipment connected to the communication network through communication network transmission.
Electronic data interchange service, namely EDI, is a service that forms structured transaction processing data from information and data related to trade or other administrative affairs in a unified format, exchanges and automatically processes between computers of relevant users through communication networks, and completes trade or other administrative affairs.
（2） Domestic multi-party communication service. Domestic multi-party communication service refers to real-time interactive or on-demand voice and image communication services between two or more domestic points through communication networks.
Domestic multi-party communication service business includes domestic multi-party telephone service business, domestic videophone conference service business and domestic Internet conference television and image service business.
Domestic multi-point telephone service refers to the service of connecting multipoint telephone terminals at two or more points in China through the public telephone network to realize real-time two-way voice communication between multipoints.
The domestic videophone conference service business is to transfer two or more places in China through the public telephone networkVideo conferencing The terminals are connected to hold a meeting in a visual way, which can carry out two-way communication of voice, image and data in real time.
The domestic Internet video conference and image service business is a two-way symmetric, interactive multimedia application or two-way asymmetric, on-demand image applications for domestic users between two or more points on the Internet, such as remote diagnosis, remote teaching, collaborative work, video on demand (VOD), games and other applications.
（3） Domestic InternetVirtual private network serviceThe domestic Internet virtual private network service (IP-VPN) refers to that the operator uses its own or leased public Internet network resources toTCP/IP protocol, customize the Internet for domestic usersClosed user groupNetwork services.The Internet virtual private network is mainly built with technologies based on TCP/IP such as IP tunnel, and provides certain security and confidentiality. Encrypted transparent packet transmission can be realized in the private network.
Users of IP-VPN service shall not use IP-VPN to browse public Internet information and use it for business activities;IP-VPN business operators must have effective technical and management measures (monitoring means) to prevent their users from violating the above provisions.
（4） Internet data center service. Internet data center service (IDC) refers to the use of corresponding computer room facilities tooutsourceThe rental mode provides placement, agent maintenance, system configuration and management services for users' servers and other Internet or other network related equipment, as well asdatabase systemOr the rental of servers and other equipment and their storage space, communication lines andExit bandwidthAnd other application services.
Internet data center business operators must provide computer rooms and corresponding supporting facilities, and provide security measures.
(I)Store and forwardClass service. Store and forward class service refers to the service that uses the store and forward mechanism to provide users with information transmission.Voice mailbox、X.400E-mailFax store and forwardIt belongs to the store and forward business.
1. Voice mailbox
Voice mail serviceIt refers to the use of public telephone network or publicdata transferThe voice mailbox system connected to the Internet provides users with a service to store, retrieve and call voice messages and their auxiliary functions.Each voicemail has a dedicated mailbox number, and users can complete the functions of information delivery, reception, storage, deletion, forwarding, notification, etc. through terminal devices, such as telephone calls and phone buttons.
X.400E-mail business refers to meeting ITUX.400 recommendations, based onPacket networkE-mail business of.It combines the computer with the public telecommunication networkStore and forward modeProvide users with various types of information exchange.
Fax storage and forwarding service refers to setting up between users' fax machinesStore and forwardThe fax between users is transmitted to the opposite end in non real time under the control of the storage and forwarding system.
Fax storage and forwarding system is mainly composed of fax workstation and fax storage and forwarding mailbox, which are connected through packet network or digital dedicated line.Fax storage and forwarding services mainly include multiple address delivery, scheduled delivery, fax mailbox, designated recipient communication, message archiving and other auxiliary functions.
（2） Call center service. Call center service refers to the service of enterprises and institutions entrusted by enterprises and institutions to provide users with business consultingInformation consultation, data query and other services.The call center business also includes the call center system andOperatorRental service of seats.
Users can access the system through fixed telephone, fax, mobile communication terminal and computer terminal, access the database of the system, and obtain information consulting services about the enterprise and public institution by voice, fax, e-mail, SMS, etc.
(III)Internet service providerBusiness. Internet access service refers to the use ofAccess serverAnd the corresponding software and hardware resources, and use the public telecommunications infrastructure to connect the service node with the Internetbackbone networkConnect to provide various users with Internet access services.Users can use public telephone network or other access means to connect to their service nodes, and access the Internet through this node.
Internet access service business mainly has two applications. One is to provide Internet access services for Internet information service (ICP) operators who use the Internet to provide information content, online transactions, online applications, etc;The second is to provide Internet access services for ordinary Internet users and other users who need to access the Internet to obtain relevant services.
（4） Information service business. Information service business refers to the business of providing voice information service (voice service) or online information and data retrieval and other information services to end users directly through public communication networks such as fixed network, mobile network or Internet through information collection, development, processing and construction of information platform.
The types of information services mainly include content services, entertainment/games, business information, positioning information and other services.The users of information service business can beFixed communicationNetwork users, mobile communication network users, Internet users or othersdata transferUsers of the network.
Note: China's commitmentWTOWhen the service items listed in the concession list are inconsistent with the business names in this category, their corresponding relationships are as follows:
In basic telecommunication services, "mobile voice and data services" belong toCellular mobile communicationBusiness.
In international business, "voice service", "fax service", "circuit switched data transmission service", "internationalClosed user groupVoice service belongs to fixed network international long-distance telephone service;"Packet switched data transmission service" is included in the Internetdata transferBusiness and Internationaldata communicationIn business;The "international closed user group data service" based on the Internet belongs to the Internet data transmission service, and the "international closed user group data service" using the international special line belongs to the international data communication service.
In value-added telecommunication services, "online information and/or data processing (including transaction processing)" and“electronic data interchange”It belongs to online data processing and transaction processing business;"E-mail", "voice mail", "value-added fax services (including storage and transmission, storage and invocation)" belong toStore and forwardClass business;"Online information and data retrieval" is an information service business;"Code and procedure conversion" has no specific application in the current telecommunications network, so it is not listed in this directory.
Restructuring of the telecommunications industry
Announce
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1、 Necessity of reorganization
Today, the protracted restructuring of the telecommunications industry has finally come to an end, that is, the "five in three" plan widely circulated in the market, namely, China Mobile's merger with China Railcom, China Telecom's merger with China Unicom's C network, and the merger of China Netcom and China Unicom's G network to form a new China Unicom.
This restructuring plan is also the most reasonable one among many restructuring plans. However, some telecom experts expressed disappointment in the mainstream media, and expressed their incomprehension. The reasons for their disappointment are no more than two. One is that they did not break the dominance of China Mobile, and the other is that they would causeVicious competition。On the surface, it seems that the experts' doubts are reasonable, but careful analysis is not always true. On the first question, how to break the dominance of China Mobile?Is it like thatFixed networkSplit up the north and south?The actual effect of the separation of China Telecom and China Netcom from the north to the south is not good. Just look at the intuitive examples of complaints about broadband Internet access. One is that broadband charges are expensive, and the other is that service is poor. After years of penetration from the south to the north, the monopoly pattern of China Netcom and China Netcom has not changed in the slightest. On the contrary, mobile charges and services, under the national competition pattern of China Mobile and China Unicom,The improvement of mobile phone charges and services is significantly better than that of fixed networks. In addition, the dominance of China Mobile has also been weakened from two aspects. On the one hand, it develops the current immature TD network, and on the other hand, the strength of fixed networks is significantly weaker than that of China Telecom and China Unicom.The second one will causeVicious competitionIn fact, there is no need to worry too much about the problem ofMobile networkThe three national networks are appropriate, and the mobile networks in foreign countries are generally larger than threeFixed networkThere is no need to worry about vicious competition. The reason why broadband charges are expensive and the service is poor is because of insufficient competition rather than excessive vicious competition.
2、 Reorganization plan
1. China Telecom Acquires CDMA Business of China Unicom
2. GSM business merger between China Netcom and China Unicom
3. China Mobile acquires China Railcom
4. China Satcom will not make adjustment temporarily
Management Measures
Announce
edit
Measures for the Administration of Telecommunication Business Licenses
Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the application for, examination and approval of, and administration of, telecommunications business licenses (hereinafter referred to as "business licenses") within the territory of the People's Republic of China.If the state has other provisions, such provisions shall prevail.
The Ministry of Information Industry shall separately formulate the specific measures for issuing basic telecommunications business licenses by means of bidding and other means.
Article 3 The Ministry of Information Industry and provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central GovernmentCommunications Authority(hereinafter collectively referred to as the "competent telecommunications department") is the examination and approval authority for telecommunications business licenses.
The competent telecommunications department shall follow the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality in the examination and approval administration of telecommunications business licenses.
Article 4 In the operation of telecommunications business, telecommunications business operators shall abide by the provisions of the telecommunications business license and accept the supervision and administration of the competent telecommunications department.
The operation of telecommunications business by telecommunications business operators in accordance with the provisions of the telecommunications business license is protected by the laws of the State.
（1） The minimum registered capital of those operating within the scope of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be 200 million yuan;The minimum amount of registered capital for businesses operating nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government is 2 billion yuan;
（2） No major violations have occurred in the last three years.
Article 6 Application for operationValue added telecommunication serviceShall comply with the provisions of Article 13 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Telecommunications and the following conditions:
（1） The minimum registered capital of those operating within the scope of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be 1 million yuan;The minimum amount of registered capital for businesses operating nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government is 10 million yuan;
（2） Feasibility study report and relevant technical scheme are available;
（3） There are necessary sites and facilities;
（4） No major violations have occurred in the last three years.
Article 7 Anyone who applies for a basic telecommunications business license shall submit the following application materials to the Ministry of Information Industry:
（1） A written application signed by the legal representative of the company for the operation of basic telecommunications services.The content includes: the type of telecom business applied for, business coverage, company name, company address, postal code, contact person, contact number, e-mail address, etc;
（2） The duplicate and photocopy of the company's business license for enterprise legal person;
（3） Company profile.Including the basic information of the company, the organization setup and management of the proposed telecommunications business, the technical force and operation and management personnel, and the site and facilities suitable for the business activities;
（4） The company's latest annual financial and accounting report or capital verification report of the enterprise legal person audited by an accounting firm and other relevant regulations of the Ministry of Information IndustryAccounting information；
（6） Business development feasibility study report.Including: business development and implementation plan, service items, business coverage, market research and analysis, charging schemeExpected service quality, investment analysis, social benefit and economic benefit analysis;
（7） Networking technical scheme.Including: network structure, network scale, network construction plan, network interconnection scheme, technical standards, configuration of telecommunication equipment, and utilization scheme of telecommunication resources;
（8） Measures to provide long-term service and quality assurance for users;
（9） Network and information security measures;
（10） Relevant materials proving the company's reputation;
（11） The legal representative of the company signs that the company operates telecommunications business according to lawLetter of Commitment。
Apply for operationradio communicationIn case of business, the pre assignment opinions of radio frequency resources issued by the State Radio Regulatory Authority shall be submitted.
An applicant who has not yet obtained the business license of an enterprise legal person shall submit a notice of the company's enterprise name pre-approval, without the need to submit the contents specified in subparagraphs (2) and (10) of paragraph 1.The written application specified in Item (1) of the first paragraph and the letter of commitment specified in Item (11) of the first paragraph shall be signed by all shareholders if a limited liability company is proposed to be established;The proposed establishment of a joint stock limited company shall be signed by all the promoters.
（1） A written application signed by the legal representative of the company for operating value-added telecommunications services.The content includes: the type of telecommunication service applied for, business coverage, company name, mailing address, postal code, contact person, contact number, e-mail address, etc;
（2） The duplicate and photocopy of the company's business license for enterprise legal person;
（3） Company profile.Including: basic information of the company, proposed to engage inValue added telecommunication servicePersonnel, site and facilities;
（4） The company's latest annual financial and accounting report or capital verification report of the enterprise legal person audited by an accounting firm and other relevant regulations of the competent telecommunications departmentAccounting information；
（6） Business development feasibility study report and technical proposal.Including: business development and implementation plan, technical scheme, service items, business coverage, market research and analysis, charging schemeExpected service qualityInvestment analysis, social benefits and economic benefits;
（7） Measures to provide long-term service and quality assurance for users;
（8） Information security measures;
（9） Relevant materials proving the company's reputation;
（10） The legal representative of the company signs that the company operates telecommunications business according to lawLetter of Commitment；
（11） If the telecommunications business applied for operation is subject to the prior examination and approval of the relevant competent department in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and relevant national provisions, the documents of examination and approval of the relevant competent department shall be submitted.
Apply for operationradio communicationFor business, the pre assignment opinions of radio frequency resources issued by the national or provincial radio regulatory authority shall be submitted.
An applicant who has not yet obtained the business license of an enterprise legal person shall submit a notice of the company's enterprise name pre-approval, without submitting the materials specified in subparagraphs (2) and (9) of paragraph 1.The written application specified in Item (1) of the first paragraph and the letter of commitment specified in Item (10) shall be signed by all shareholders if a limited liability company is proposed to be established;The proposed establishment of a joint stock limited company shall be signed by all the promoters.Chapter III Examination and Approval of Business License
Article 9 The telecommunication business operation license is divided into the Basic Telecommunication Business Operation License and《Business license for value-added telecommunication services》Two types.Among them, the Business License for Value added Telecommunication Business is divided into the Business License for Value added Telecommunication Business Across Regions and the Business License for Value added Telecommunication Business within the scope of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
The Ministry of Information Industry shall be responsible for the examination and approval of the Basic Telecommunication Business Operation License and the Trans regional Value added Telecommunication Business Operation License.The Business License for Value added Telecommunication Services within the scope of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be issued byCommunications AuthorityResponsible for approval.
The telecommunications business license of a foreign-invested telecommunications enterprise shall be issued in accordance with《Regulations on the Administration of Foreign funded Telecommunications Enterprises》The Ministry of Information Industry shall be responsible for the examination and approval of the provisions of Article 17.
Article 10 The Ministry of Information Industry shall complete the preliminary examination of the application materials for basic telecommunications business within 15 days from the date of receiving the application materials.If the application materials are complete, a notice of acceptance of the application shall be sent to the applicant.If the application materials are not complete, the applicant shall be notified in writing to complete them. After the applicant completes the materials, the Ministry of Information Industry shall issue a notice of acceptance of the application to the applicant within 15 days.
After issuing the notice of acceptance of the application, the Ministry of Information Industry shall organize experts to review the application materials in Article 7 (6) and (7), and make a decision of approval or disapproval according to the experts' review opinions.The Ministry of Information Industry shall complete the examination within 180 days from the date of issuing the notice of acceptance of the application.
If an applicant who has established a company according to law is approved, the Basic Telecommunication Business License shall be issued.
If an applicant who has not yet obtained the business license of enterprise legal person is approved, it shall issue an approval document to the applicant and agree to apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for establishing a company to operate the basic telecommunications business. The applicant shall take the approval document to the administrative department for industry and commerce for handlingCompany establishmentRegistration procedures.After the applicant has obtained the business license of enterprise legal person, the Ministry of Information Industry will issue the Basic Telecommunication Business License to the applicant.
If the application is not approved, the applicant shall be notified in writing and the reasons shall be explained.
During the examination, if the application materials do not meet the requirements, the applicant shall be notified to modify and supplement them. The applicant shall complete the application as required within 30 days from the date of sending the notice, otherwise the application shall be deemed to be abandoned.The time for the applicant to revise and supplement the materials shall not be included in the time limit for examination.
Article 11 The competent telecommunications department shall, within 15 days from the date of receiving the application materials for the operation of value-added telecommunications services, complete the preliminary examination of the materials.If the application materials are complete, a notice of acceptance of the application shall be sent to the applicant.If the application materials are not complete, the applicant shall be notified in writing to complete them. After the applicant completes the materials, the competent telecommunications department shall issue a notice of acceptance of the application to the applicant within 15 days.
The competent telecommunications department shall complete the examination within 60 days from the date of issuing the notice of acceptance of the application, and make a decision of approval or disapproval.
If the application of a company that has been established in accordance with the law is approved, the Cross regional Value added Telecommunications Business License or the application within the scope of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be issued《Business license for value-added telecommunication services》。
If an applicant who has not obtained the business license of an enterprise legal person is approved, an approval document shall be issued to the applicant and the applicant shall be approved to apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for the establishment of a company to operate the businessValue added telecommunication serviceThe applicant shall take the approval document to the administrative department for industry and commerceCompany establishmentRegistration procedures.After the applicant has obtained the business license of enterprise legal person, the competent telecommunications department shall issue the Trans regional Value added Telecommunications Business License or the Value added Telecommunications Business License within the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government.
If the application is not approved, the applicant shall be notified in writing and the reasons shall be explained.
During the examination, if the application materials do not meet the requirements, the applicant shall be notified to modify and supplement them. The applicant shall complete the application as required within 30 days from the date of sending the notice, otherwise the application shall be deemed to be abandoned.The time for the applicant to revise and supplement the materials shall not be included in the time limit for examination.
Article 12 The business license consists of the main body and annexes.
The main body of the business license shall specify the company name, legal representative, registered address, business type, business coverage, validity period, issuing authority and date, issuer, business license number, etc.
The annex of the business license includes the provisions on the use of the business license, the rights and obligations of the operator, the special provisions, the annual inspection record form and other annexes.The original license issuing authority may, according to the management needs, issue additional annexes to the business license in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Information Industry.
The specific contents of the telecommunications business license are listed in the annex to these Measures.The Ministry of Information Industry may, according to the actual situation, adjust the contents of the annex to the telecommunications business license and re publish it.
Article 13 The term of validity of the Basic Telecommunication Business License is divided into 5 years and 10 years according to the type of telecommunication business.
Article 14 The Business License for Basic Telecommunication Business, the Business License for Trans regional Value added Telecommunication Business and the business license for telecommunication business of foreign-invested telecommunication enterprises shall be issued by the Minister of Information Industry.
The Business License for Value added Telecommunication Services within the scope of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be issued by the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central GovernmentCommunications AuthorityIssued by the Director General and reported to the Ministry of Information Industry for record.
Article 15 The business license for telecommunications business shall be obtained by the legal representative of the company, or by other persons entrusted by the company with a power of attorney.Article 16 Where the competent telecommunications department discovers that the applicant has submitted false supporting documents when examining the application for permission to operate telecommunications business, it shall not approve the application and shall not accept the application for operating telecommunications business within three years.
Chapter IV Use of Business License
Article 17 A company approved to operate telecommunications business shall operate telecommunications business in accordance with the types of telecommunications business specified in the body of the business license, within the specified business coverage and time limit, and in accordance with the provisions of the business license.
Article 18 A company that has been approved to operate telecommunications business shall go to the administrative department for industry and commerce with the business licenseconversion of a companyRegistration procedures.
Approved operationradio communicationIf it is engaged in business, it shall apply to the radio regulatory agency for the use of radio frequency with its business license.
Article 19 A company approved to operate telecommunication business across regions shall set up branches or subsidiaries and other corresponding institutions to operate telecommunication business in the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government where the business scope specified in the business license is located.
Subsidiaries of companies operating basic telecommunications services,State owned equityOr the proportion of shares shall comply with the provisions of the relevant national laws and administrative regulations on telecommunications.
Article 20 A company that has been approved to operate telecommunications business may, upon the approval of the issuing authority, authorize its subsidiaries that hold not less than 51% of the shares and meet the conditions for operating telecommunications business to operate its approved telecommunications business.The name, legal representative, registered address, business type, business coverage and other contents of the subsidiary shall be specified by the license issuing authority in the attachment to the main body of the business license of the approved telecommunications business company.In a region, two or more subsidiaries cannot be authorized to operate the same telecommunications business.
Article 21 Approved operationBasic telecommunication serviceOr operate in more than two provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central GovernmentValue added telecommunication serviceThe company should go to relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government with the business licenseCommunications AuthorityGo through filing procedures and submit the following filing materials:
（1） Written report on local business.The content includes: the name, mailing address, postal code, contact person, telephone number, e-mail address, etc. of the branch or subsidiary established by the company in the local area;
（2） Copy of business license;
（3） Approval documents, business licenses (copies), articles of associationownership structure And other relevant materials;
（4） A plan to conduct business locally.
Province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central GovernmentCommunications AuthorityAfter receiving the filing materials specified in the preceding paragraph, if the materials are complete, a confirmation letter of filing shall be sent to the registrant within 15 days, and a report shall be made to the Ministry of Information Industry.If the materials are not complete, the record holder shall be notified in writing within 15 days.After the materials are supplemented, the filing confirmation letter shall be sent to the filing person within 10 days.
Those who have not gone through the filing procedures shall not operate telecommunications services in the local area.
In case of any change in the four materials listed in the first paragraph, the branch company or subsidiary company and other corresponding organizations shall file with the local provincial, autonomous regional and municipal communication administration within 20 days after the change.
Article 22 Unless otherwise specified in the business license, a telecommunications business operator shall, after obtaining the business license, provide telecommunications services within one year in accordance with the business types and business coverage specified in the business license.If it is unable to provide telecommunication services within one year, it shall be submitted at the time of applying for the business license, explain the reasons, report to the competent telecommunications department for approval, and make special provisions in the business license.
For those who fail to provide telecommunication services within the time limit specified in the business license, the original license issuing authority may cancel their business license, or cancel the business coverage of those who fail to provide telecommunication services.
Article 23 RelevantBasic telecommunication serviceThe operator shall, in accordance with the provisions of the competent telecommunications department, provide the company that has obtained the business license with circuits, facilities, etc. necessary for the operation of telecommunications business in a timely manner.
The operator of basic telecommunication service shall not provide circuits, facilities, etc. for operating telecommunication service for companies without business license.
Article 24 No unit or individual may forge, alter, falsely use, lease, buy, sell or transfer the business license.
Chapter V Change and Cancellation of Business License
Article 25 When the term of validity of the business license expires and it is necessary to continue the business, an application for renewal of the business license shall be submitted to the original license issuing authority 90 days in advance.If it no longer continues to operate, it shall report to the original license issuing authority 90 days in advance and do a good job in dealing with the aftermath.
Article 26 In case of merger or division, change of shareholders of limited liability companies, transfer of business operation rights and other circumstances involving the need to change the business subject, or the need to change the scope of business coverage, the company that has obtained the telecommunications business operation license or its subsidiary that has been authorized to operate telecommunications business,An application shall be submitted to the original license issuing authority within 30 days from the date when the company makes a decision, and it can be implemented only after being approved.
Article 27 If a company changes its name, registered address or legal representative within the period of validity of the business license, it shall, within 30 days after completing the industrial and commercial registration of the change of the company, go through the change procedures of the telecommunications business license with the original license issuing authority.
Article 28 Within the period of validity of the business license, the telecommunications business operator shallTermination of operationAn application shall be submitted to the original license issuing authority within 30 days from the date when the company makes a decision, and the original license issuing authority shall handle the business license cancellation formalities for the user after doing a good job in dealing with the aftermath of the user.
Article 29 Where a telecommunications business operator is punished by the state administrative and judicial authorities according to law and cannot continue to operate telecommunications business, the original license issuing authority shall revoke its business license.
Where a telecommunications business license is obtained by submitting false supporting documents or by other fraudulent means, the original license issuing authority shall revoke the business license.And will no longer accept its application for operating telecommunications business within three years.
Article 30 After a license issuing authority revokes or cancels the business license of a telecommunications business operator, it shall notify the corresponding administrative department for industry and commerce and announce it to the public.
A company whose business license has been revoked or cancelled shall go through the formalities at the corresponding administrative department for industry and commerce in a timely manner.
Chapter VI Annual Inspection of Business License
Article 31 License issuing organs shall implement an annual inspection system for business licenses.The telecommunications business operator shall submit the following annual inspection materials to the original license issuing authority in the first quarter of the year following the reporting year:
（1） The annual inspection report of the company, including: the telecom business operation of this year;Network construction, business development, personnel and institutional changes;Service quality;Implementation of relevant regulations of the state and the competent telecommunications department;
（2） The original of the telecommunications business license;
（3） Copy of the company's business license for enterprise legal person;
（4） The company's annual financial and accounting report and other relevant provisions of the competent telecommunications departmentAccounting information；
（5） Other relevant materials required by the issuing authority.
If the business covers more than two provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, it is also necessary to provide the operation and management of local branches or subsidiaries and other corresponding institutions as well as the whole network business.
Local branches or subsidiaries and other corresponding institutions shall report to local provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central GovernmentCommunications AuthoritySubmit the annual report on the local telecommunications business;Copy of business license of branch or subsidiary;Financial statements and other relevant materials.The contents of the annual report include: telecommunications business operation of the year;Network construction, business development, personnel and institutional changes;Service quality;Implementation of relevant regulations of the state and the competent telecommunications department.
Article 32 The communications administration bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall conduct annual inspections of the corresponding local institutions of trans regional telecommunications business operators, and report the results to the Ministry of Information Industry.
Article 33 When conducting annual inspection of business licenses, license issuing organs shall conduct a comprehensive examination of the materials submitted by telecommunications business operators, and conduct necessary inspections of their business entities, business activities, telecommunications facilities construction, telecommunications tariffs and service quality.Seal the annual inspection record sheet for those passing the annual inspection;Those who fail to participate in the annual inspection as required or who fail to meet the requirements in the annual inspection shall be rectified within a time limit;If the rectification is still unqualified, the business license shall be withdrawn and cancelled, and the corresponding industrial and commercial administrative department shall be notified and announced to the public.
